Mon·Jan 16, 2023Monday·January 16, 2023

1. 01*

   Ultraviolet extensions of the Scotogenic model

   Diego Portillo-Sánchez🇲🇽 · Pablo Escribano🇪🇸 · Avelino Vicente🇪🇸

   The Scotogenic model is a popular scenario that induces radiative Majorana neutrino masses and includes a weakly-interacting dark matter candidate. We classify all possible ultraviolet extensions of the Scotogenic model in which (i) the dark ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ parity emerges at low energies after the spontaneous breaking of a global $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{L}}$ lepton number symmetry, and (ii) the low-energy effective theory contains a naturally small lepton number breaking parameter, suppressed by the mass of a heavy mediator integrated out at tree-level. We find $50$ such models and discuss two of them in detail to illustrate our setup. We also discuss some general aspects of the phenomenology of the models in our classification, exploring possible lepton flavor violating signals, collider signatures and implications for dark matter. The phenomenological prospects of these scenarios are very rich due to the presence of additional scalar states, including a massless Goldstone boson.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·10 citations
2. 02*

   Extending the Discovery Potential for Inelastic-Dipole Dark Matter with FASER

   Keith R. Dienes🇺🇸 · Jonathan L. Feng🇺🇸 · Max Fieg🇺🇸 · Fei Huang🇮🇱 · Seung J. Lee🇰🇷 · Brooks Thomas🇺🇸

   Neutral particles are notoriously difficult to observe through electromagnetic interactions. As a result, they naturally elude detection in most collider detectors. In this paper, we point out that neutral particles that interact through a dipole interaction can nevertheless be detected in far-forward detectors designed to search for long-lived particles (LLPs). In contrast to previous analyses that focused on neutral particles with elastic interactions, we consider inelastic interactions. This naturally leads to LLPs, and we demonstrate that FASER (and future experiments at the Forward Physics Facility) will be able to probe substantial regions of the associated parameter space. In particular, we find that FASER is capable of probing the region of parameter space wherein thermal freeze-out gives rise to an $\mathcal{O}$(GeV) dark-matter candidate with the appropriate relic abundance, as well as regions of parameter space that are difficult to probe at fixed-target experiments. FASER and its successor experiments may therefore play a critical role in the discovery of such a dark-matter candidate.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·23 citations
3. 03*

   Revealing the nature of hidden charm pentaquarks with machine learning

   Zhenyu Zhang🇨🇳 · Jiahao Liu🇨🇳 · Jifeng Hu🇨🇳 · Qian Wang🇨🇳 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

   We study the nature of the hidden charm pentaquarks, i.e. the $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$, with a neural network approach in pionless effective field theory. In this framework, the normal ${\chi }^2$ fitting approach cannot distinguish the quantum numbers of the $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$. In contrast to that, the neural network-based approach can discriminate them. In addition, we also illustrate the role of each experimental data bin of the invariant $J/\psi p$ mass distribution on the underlying physics in both neural network and fitting methods. Their similarities and differences demonstrate that neural network methods can use data information more effectively and directly. This study provides more insights about how the neural network-based approach predicts the nature of exotic states from the mass spectrum.

   hep-phSci.Bull.(2023)·28 citations
4. 04*

   One-loop contributions to decays $e_b\to e_a\gamma$ and $(g-2{)}_{e_a}$ anomalies, and Ward identity

   L.T. Hue🇻🇳 · H. N. Long🇻🇳 · V. H. Binh🇻🇳 · H. L. T. Mai🇻🇳 · T. Phong Nguyen🇻🇳

   In this paper, we will present analytic formulas to express one-loop contributions to lepton flavor violating decays $e_b\to e_a\gamma$, which are also relevant to the anomalous dipole magnetic moments of charged leptons $e_a$. These formulas were computed in the unitary gauge, using the well-known Passarino-Veltman notations. We also show that our results are consistent with those calculated previously in the 't Hooft-Veltman gauge, or in the limit of zero lepton masses. At the one-loop level, we show that the appearance of fermion-scalar-vector type diagrams in the unitary gauge will violate the Ward Identity relating to an external photon. As a result, the validation of the Ward Identity guarantees that the photon always couples with two identical particles in an arbitrary triple coupling vertex containing a photon.

   hep-phNPB(2023)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Are LHCb exotics $T_{c\bar{s}0}(2900{)}^0$, $T_{c\bar{s}0}(2900{)}^{++}$ and ${\overline{X}}_0(2900)$ members of an $S{U}_F(3)$ $6$-plet?

   V. Dmitrašinović🇷🇸

   Manifestly exotic scalar resonance $X_0(2900{)}^0$ with minimal quark content of $[\bar{c}\bar{s}ud]$ was reported by LHCb in 2020. More recently LHCb reported discovery of manifestly exotic $T_{c\bar{s}0}(2900{)}^0$ and $T_{c\bar{s}0}(2900{)}^{++}$ scalar states, degenerate with the $X_0(2900)$. We argue that these are three of six members of the flavor $SU(3{)}_F$ symmetry $6$-plet. We predict the partial widths of $D(2900{)}^{\ast 0}$, the crucial non-strange missing member of the tetraquark $6$-plet, and discuss the optimal decay channels for its detection.

   hep-ph16 citations
6. 06*

   Veltman Criteria in Beyond Standard Model Effective Field Theory of Complex Scalar Triplet

   Jaydeb Das🇮🇳 · Nilanjana Kumar🇮🇳

   The Higgs mass is not protected by any symmetry in the Standard Model. Hence, the self-energy corrections to the Higgs mass become large due to the quadratic divergence terms. Veltman condition (V.C.) ensures that the coefficient of the quadratic divergent term either vanishes or becomes negligible. The non-observation of new physics has pushed the new physics scale to be larger than 1 TeV, making it impossible to satisfy the Veltman condition in the Standard Model without very large fine-tuning. Many attempts are made to satisfy the V.C. in Beyond Standard Model theories, but the V.C. is hard to achieve at a very large scale ($\Lambda$). Alternatively, it is possible that the new physics appears much above the Electroweak scale, and the effect of the new physics is observed in terms of the Wilson coefficients of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) operators. The V.C. can be addressed in the SMEFT framework. In this paper, some specific new physics scenarios are considered at a very large scale. Below that scale, the effect of the new physics is observed as Beyond Standard Model Effective Field Theory (BSM-EFT). We particularly study the type-II seesaw model with the complex scalar triplet ($Y=1$) in the context of V.C. We found that this particular model is the minimal model to generate all SMEFT operators that appear in V.C. and satisfies V.C. We also examine the model parameter dependence of the Wilson coefficients in detail and show how the cancellation of the Wilson coefficients is highly dependent on some specific values of the model parameters.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·5 citations
7. 07*

   Alternative Treatment of the Quark Mass in the Heavy Quark Expansion

   Anastasia Boushmelev🇩🇪 · Thomas Mannel🇩🇪 · K. Keri Vos🇳🇱

   The treatment of the quark mass plays an important role when it comes to increasing the precision of the predictions of the heavy quark expansion for inclusive heavy hadron decays. Various short-distance mass schemes have been invented to minimize the uncertainties induced by the quark mass, which needs to be extracted from other, independent observables. We suggest to replace the quark mass directly by an observable such as e.g. the inverse moments of the cross section for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to$ hadrons. We investigate this alternative strategy and study its impact on the perturbative series.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·9 citations
8. 08*

   Role of rapidity choice for the impact-parameter dependent Balitsky-Kovchegov equation

   Matej Vaculciak🇨🇿 · Jesus Guillermo Contreras🇨🇿 · Jan Cepila🇨🇿

   Reaching higher energies of electron-ion collisions with facilities like EIC is expected to provide a probe of a kinematic region where the parton densities should start to exhibit signs of saturation. This phenomenon is theoretically implemented by the Balitsky--Kovchegov (BK) equation, which, within the colour dipole model, describes the evolution of the dipole scattering amplitude with respect to rapidity. There are two possible formulations of the BK equation based on which rapidity, projectile or target, is considered. Besides this variable, there are four more degrees of freedom, two of which have been so far incorporated into the numerical solutions. We present a comparative solution of the two-dimensional BK equation formulated in both projectile and target rapidity together with their impact on quantities to be observed at EIC such as proton structure functions.

   hep-ph0 citations
9. 09*

   The quark orbital angular momentum of ground state octet baryons

   Jing-Feng Li🇨🇳 · Cheng Chen🇨🇳 · Gang Li🇨🇳 · Chun-Sheng An🇨🇳 · Cheng-Rong Deng🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

   Here we study the quark orbital angular momentum of the ground octet baryons employing an extended chiral constituent quark model, within which the baryon wave functions are taken to be superposition of the traditional $qqq$ and the $qqqq\bar{q}$ higher Fock components. Coupling between the two configurations is estimated using the ${}^3{P}_0$ quark-antiquark creation mechanism, and the corresponding coupling strength is determined by fitting the sea flavor asymmetry of the nucleon. The obtained numerical results show that the quark angular momentum of the nucleon, $\Sigma$, $\Lambda$ and $\Xi$ hyperons are in the range $0.10$-$0.30$. In addition, the quark angular momentum of all the hyperons are a little bit smaller than that of the nucleon. And the octet baryons spin fractions taken by the intrinsic quark orbital angular momentum could be up to $60\%$ in present model.

   hep-phPRC(2023)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Deep Learning Symmetries and Their Lie Groups, Algebras, and Subalgebras from First Principles

    Roy T. Forestano🇺🇸 · Konstantin T. Matchev🇺🇸 · Katia Matcheva🇺🇸 · Alexander Roman🇺🇸 · Eyup Unlu🇺🇸 · Sarunas Verner🇺🇸

    We design a deep-learning algorithm for the discovery and identification of the continuous group of symmetries present in a labeled dataset. We use fully connected neural networks to model the symmetry transformations and the corresponding generators. We construct loss functions that ensure that the applied transformations are symmetries and that the corresponding set of generators forms a closed (sub)algebra. Our procedure is validated with several examples illustrating different types of conserved quantities preserved by symmetry. In the process of deriving the full set of symmetries, we analyze the complete subgroup structure of the rotation groups $SO(2)$, $SO(3)$, and $SO(4)$, and of the Lorentz group $SO(1,3)$. Other examples include squeeze mapping, piecewise discontinuous labels, and $SO(10)$, demonstrating that our method is completely general, with many possible applications in physics and data science. Our study also opens the door for using a machine learning approach in the mathematical study of Lie groups and their properties.

    hep-phcs.LGphysics.data-anMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2023)·17 citations
11. 11*

    Impact of high-scale Seesaw and Leptogenesis on inflationary tensor perturbations as detectable gravitational waves

    Maximilian Berbig🇩🇪 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱

    We discuss the damping of inflationary gravitational waves (GW) that re-enter the horizon before or during an epoch, where the energy budget of the universe is dominated by an unstable right handed neutrino (RHN), whose out of equilibrium decay releases entropy. Starting from the minimal Standard Model extension, motivated by the observed neutrino mass scale, with nothing more than 3 RHN for the Seesaw mechanism, we discuss the conditions for high scale leptogenesis assuming a thermal initial population of RHN. We further address the associated production of potentially light non-thermal dark matter and a potential component of dark radiation from the same RHN decay. One of our main findings is that the frequency, above which the damping of the tensor modes is potentially observable, is completely determined by successful leptogenesis and a Davidson-Ibarra type bound to be at around $0.1\text{Hz}$. To quantify the detection prospects of this GW background for various proposed interferometers such as AEDGE, BBO, DECIGO, Einstein Telescope or LISA we compute the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This allows us to investigate the viable parameter space of our model, spanned by the mass of the decaying RHN $M_1\gtrsim 2.4\times 10^8\text{GeV}\cdot \sqrt{2\times 10^{-7}\text{eV}/{\tilde{m}}_1}$ (for leptogenesis) and the effective neutrino mass parameterizing its decay width ${\tilde{m}}_1<2.9\times 10^{-7}\text{eV}$ (for RHN matter domination). Thus gravitational wave astronomy is a novel way to probe both the Seesaw and the leptogenesis scale, which are completely inaccessible to laboratory experiments in high scale scenarios.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJHEP(2023)·29 citations
12. 12*

    U(5) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with flavor dependent coupling constants: pseudoscalar and scalar mesons masses

    Willian F. de Sousa🇧🇷 · Fabio L. Braghin🇧🇷

    By considering the background field method we calculate one-loop polarization corrections to the coupling constant of the flavor-U(5) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with degenerate up and down quarks. They break flavor and chiral symmetries, and they can be written as $G_{ij}^{\Gamma }(\bar{\psi }{\lambda }_i\Gamma \psi )(\bar{\psi }{\lambda }_j\Gamma \psi )$, for the scalar and pseudoscalar channels ($\Gamma =I,i{\gamma }_5$) and $i,j=0,1,...,N_f^2-1$. Therefore, these coupling constants do not introduce further free parameters in the model which amount to five, six or seven in total. Their contributions to different observables are computed. The non-covariant three-dimensional regularization scheme is employed. Besides that, flavor dependence of cutoffs is implemented in an unambiguous way. It turns out that only two UV cutoffs (${\Lambda }_f$) are best suitable. Nevertheless, the best results are obtained for nearly flavor-independent cutoffs. A quantum mixing due to the representations of the flavor group leads to different interactions for the quarks and for the meson states, respectively denoted by $G_{ff}$ and $G_{ij}$. This quantum mixing effect is responsible for a lowering of quark effective masses and a slight improvement of predictions of observables. A quite surprisingly good description of almost all the pseudoscalar meson masses (within nearly $5\%$) and most of the scalar meson masses -is obtained within nearly 10$\%$. Some problems to describe light scalar mesons masses still remain. The NJL-gap equations seems to overestimate the heavy quark condensates at the usual mean field level usually adopted for model. In spite of the good description of the meson masses, the pseudoscalar meson weak decay constant cannot be described by the NJL model with relativistic heavy quark propagators without further interactions or effects.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2023)·7 citations
13. 13*

    The Catchment Area of Groomed Jets at NNLL

    Aditya Pathak🇬🇧

    Groomed jet observables have a dynamical catchment area which plays a key role in determining the leading nonperturbative power corrections and the impact of the underlying event. Based on field-theoretic arguments, certain moments of the groomed jet radius $R_g$ capture the entirety of the kinematic and grooming parameter dependence of these effects. These moments can be computed perturbatively in the soft drop operator expansion region where these corrections are small, but yet significant to be relevant for precision physics. A precise determination of these moments is thus crucial to faithfully isolate the universal contributions of hadronization and the underlying event. Building on a previously developed effective field theory framework for the doubly differential soft drop groomed jet mass and groomed jet radius measurement, we present here a calculation of these moments at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy including matching into the plain jet mass region. We compare our predictions for these moments against parton-shower Monte Carlo simulations and find good agreement. These results have applications for precision physics with soft drop jet mass such as determination of the strong coupling constant and the top quark mass and for improving hadronization models.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·5 citations
14. 14*

    ULYSSES, Universal LeptogeneSiS Equation Solver: version 2

    Alessandro Granelli🇮🇹 · Christopher Leslie🇬🇧 · Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez🇬🇧 · Holger Schulz🇬🇧 · Brian Shuve🇺🇸 · Jessica Turner🇬🇧 · Rosie Walker🇬🇧

    ULYSSES is a Python package that calculates the baryon asymmetry produced from leptogenesis in the context of a type-I seesaw mechanism. In this release, the new features include code which solves the Boltzmann equations for low-scale leptogenesis; the complete Boltzmann equations for thermal leptogenesis applying proper quantum statistics without assuming kinetic equilibrium of the right-handed neutrinos; and, primordial black hole-induced leptogenesis. ULYSSES version 2 has the added functionality of a pre-provided script for a two-dimensional grid scan of the parameter space. As before, the emphasis of the code is on user flexibility, rapid evaluation and is publicly available at https://github.com/earlyuniverse/ulysses.

    hep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2023)·27 citations
15. 15*

    Impact of a non-universal $Z^{\prime }$ on the $B\to K^{(\ast )}{l}^{+}{l}^{-}$ and $B\to K^{(\ast )}\nu \bar{\nu }$ processes

    A. V. Bednyakov🇷🇺 · A. I. Mukhaeva🇷🇺

    We perform a study of the new physics effects in semileptonic FCNC processes within a low-energy approximation of the anomaly-free supersymmetic extension of the SM with additional $Z^{\prime }$ vector field. The key feature of the model is the non-diagonal structure of $Z^{\prime }$ couplings to fermions, which is parameterized by few new-physics parameters in addition to well-known mixing matrices for quarks and leptons in the SM. We not only consider CP-conserving scenarios with real parameters, but also account for possible CP violation due to new physical weak phases. We analyse the dependence of the $b\to s$ observables on the parameters together with correlations between the observables predicted in the model. Special attention is paid to possible enhancement of $B\to K^{(\ast )}\nu \bar{\nu }$ rates and to CP-odd angular observables in $B\to K^{\ast }ll$ decays.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
16. 16*

    Next-to-leading-order solution to Kerr-Newman black hole superradiance

    Shou-Shan Bao🇨🇳 · Qi-Xuan Xu🇬🇧 · Hong Zhang🇨🇳

    The superradiant instabilities of Kerr-Newman black holes with charged or uncharged massive spin-0 fields are calculated analytically to the next-to-leading order in the limit of $\alpha \sim r_g\mu \ll 1$. A missing factor of $1/2$ in the previous leading-order result is identified. The next-to-leading order result has a compact form and is in good agreement with existing numerical calculations. The percentage error increases with $\alpha$, from a few percent for $\alpha \sim 0.1$ to about $50\%$ for $\alpha \sim 0.4$. Massive neutral scalars too heavy to be produced with Kerr black hole superradiance may exist in the superradiant region of Kerr-Newman black holes.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·14 citations
17. 17*

    Possible interpretation of the complex expectation values associated with resonances

    Takayuki Myo🇯🇵 · Kiyoshi Kato

    We propose a possible scheme to interpret the complex expectation values associated with resonances having the complex eigenenergies. Using the Green's function for resonances, the expectation value is basically described by the Breit-Wigner distribution as a function of the real excitation energy. In the expression of the complex expectation values for resonances, the real part brings the integral value of the distribution, while the imaginary part produces the deviation from the Breit-Wigner distribution,which explains a shift of the peak in the strength from the resonance energy. We apply the present scheme to the several nuclear resonances of ${}^{12}$C including the Hoyle state, and neutron/proton-rich nuclei of ${}^6$He, ${}^6$Be, ${}^8$He, and ${}^8$C. In these nuclei, many-body resonances are obtained as the complex-energy eigenstates under the correct boundary condition using the complex scaling method, and their nuclear radii are uniquely evaluated. We discuss the peculiar energy dependence of the strength function of the square radius for the resonances in these nuclei.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phquant-phPRC(2023)·14 citations
18. 18*

    The seven laws of Quantum Mechanics : banishing the bogeys

    Urjit A. Yajnik🇮🇳

    The laws of quantum mechanics are couched in subtle mathematical language. The laws are not usually stated in a compact pedagogical form. Here I present a possible way to correct this. Essential facts can be distilled into seven statements that are easy to remember and easily referred back. Also, the current teaching of quantum mechanics is laden with words of negative connotations, originating as they did during the early decades of the subject when the subject was intellectually still puzzling. A wide variety of experiments in the intervening decades, not least those that were awarded the Nobel Prize of 2022 amply affirm the validity and substantial ``reality'' of Quantum Mechanics as a theory. I take a few of the inadequacies of classical framework to illustrate that some of the complaints against Quantum Mechanics are patently misplaced. Finally I discuss the bogeys such as ``wave article duality'', ``uncertainty'', ``indistinguishability'' ``statistics'' and ``entanglement'' and advocate adopting better terminology to save new learners from the old biases.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-phhep-thquant-ph0 citations
19. 19*

    PDM KG-oscillators in cosmic string rainbow gravity spacetime in a non-uniform magnetic field

    Omar Mustafa🇹🇷

    We consider position-dependent mass (PDM) Klein-Gordon (KG) particles in cosmic string rainbow gravity spacetime in a non-uniform magnetic field. The corresponding KG-equation is reduced into the one-dimensional form of the two-dimensional radial Schrödinger-oscillator like equation (hence the notion KG-oscillator). We first report on the effects of rainbow gravity on the energy levels of KG-oscillators with constant mass. Next, we include the PDM settings so that KG-oscillators like interaction are introduced. The effects of PDM on the spectra of KG-oscillators in cosmic string rainbow gravity spacetime are also reported. In both cases four pairs of rainbow functions are considered: (a) , g_{_{1}}\left( y\right) =\sqrt{1-\epsilon y^{2}% }, (b) $g_{{}_0}\left(y\right)=1$, g_{_{1}}\left( y\right) =\sqrt{% 1-\epsilon y}, (c) $g_{{}_0}\left(y\right)=g_{{}_1}\left(y\right)={\left(1-ϵy\right)}^{-1}$, and (d) $g_{{}_0}\left(y\right)=\left(e^{ϵy}-1\right)/ϵy$, $g_{{}_1}\left(y\right)=1$, where $y=E/E_p$ and $ϵ$ is the rainbow parameter. We report that, as long as KG-particles are in point, the rainbow functions pair in (a) is the only pair to emphasis that the Planck energy is the maximum possible energy the KG-particles may have.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phquant-ph3 citations
20. 20*

    Contribution of Nuclear Excitation Electromagnetic Form Factors in ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ to the Coulomb Sum Rule

    A. Bodek🇺🇸 · M. E. Christy🇺🇸

    We report on empirical parameterizations of longitudinal and transverse nuclear excitation electromagnetic form factors in ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$. We extract the contribution of nuclear excitations to the Normalized Inelastic Coulomb Sum Rule (\csr) as a function of momentum transfer $\mathbf{q}$ and find that it is significant (0.29$\pm$0.030 at $\mathbf{q}$= 0.22 GeV). The total contributions of nuclear excitations to $S_L(\mathbf{q})$ in ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ are found to be equal within the uncertainties. Since the cross sections for nuclear excitations are significant, the radiative tails from nuclear excitations should be included in precise calculations of radiative corrections to quasielastic electron scattering at low $\mathbf{q}$ and deep-inelastic electron scattering at large energy transfers $\nu$. The parameterizations also serve as a benchmark in testing theoretical modeling of cross sections for excitation of nuclear states in electron and neutrino interactions on nuclear targets at low energies.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·9 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.