Mon·Dec 19, 2022Monday·December 19, 2022

1. 01*

   Flavoured $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ with Dark Lepton Seasoning

   Harun Acaroğlu🇩🇪 · Prateek Agrawal🇬🇧 · Monika Blanke🇩🇪

   As a joint explanation for the dark matter (DM) problem and the muon $(g-2)$ anomaly, we propose a simplified model of lepton-flavoured complex scalar DM with couplings to both the left- and right-handed leptons of the Standard Model (SM). Both interactions are governed by the same new flavour-violating coupling matrix $\lambda$, however we allow for a relative scaling of the coupling strength. The SM is further extended by two fermion representations, transforming as an $SU(2{)}_L$ doublet and singlet, respectively, and mediating these interactions. The fermions additionally couple to the SM Higgs doublet via a new Yukawa coupling. To study the model's phenomenology we first investigate constraints from collider searches, flavour experiments, precision tests of the SM, the DM relic density, and direct as well as indirect detection experiments individually. We then perform a combined analysis by demanding that all mentioned constraints are satisfied simultaneously. We use the results of this combined analysis and examine if the model is capable of accommodating the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly within its viable parameter space without introducing fine-tuned lepton masses. For all benchmark scenarios we consider, we find that the central value of $\Delta a_{\mu }^{\text{exp}}$ can be reached without generating too large corrections to the lepton masses. We hence conclude that this model qualifies as a viable and attractive lepton-flavoured DM model that at the same time solves the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.(2023)·7 citations
2. 02*

   QCD Factorization of Quasi Generalized Gluon Distributions

   J.P. Ma🇨🇳 · Z.Y. Pang🇨🇳 · C.P. Zhang🇺🇸 · G.P. Zhang🇨🇳

   We study the factorization relations between quasi gluon GPDs and twist-2 GPDs. The perturbative coefficient functions are obtained at one-loop level. They are free from any collinear- or I.R. divergences. Unlike the case of the factorization of quasi quark GPDs at one-loop, we have to add ghost contributions for the factorization of quasi gluon GPDs in order to obtain gauge-invariant results. In general, operators will be mixed beyond tree-level. Our work shows that the mixing pattern of the nonlocal operators in quasi gluon GPDs is the same as local operators, i.e., the nonlocal operators considered are mixed with gauge-invariant operators, BRST-variation operators and operators involving EOM operator. The factorization relations are obtained for all quasi gluon GPDs. Taking the forward limit, we also obtain the relations between quasi gluon PDFs and twist-2 PDFs.

   hep-phhep-latJHEP(2023)·14 citations
3. 03*

   Testing of $P$ and $CP$ Symmetries with $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$

   X.G. He🇨🇳 · J.P. Ma🇨🇳

   We propose to test $P$- and $CP$-symmetries with the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$. The general form of the angular distribution of the process is derived and several observables for the proposed test are introduced. With these observables one can distinguish the effects of $P$-violations in the production of $J/\psi$ from its decay into a pair of $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$. Numerical estimations for proposed asymmetries of $P$-violation due to $Z$ exchange in SM are given. Our results show that BESIII has reached the sensitivity to probe these effects. At the proposed super-tau-charm factory with much enhanced luminosity it will be able to test the SM predictions with high precision. $CP$ violating effect in $J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ can also be tested. In particular, BESIII data already reached the sensitivity to prove $CP$ violating effect due to current upper limit of electric dipole moment of $\Lambda$. At the proposed super-tau-charm factory the upper limit can be improved by an order of magnitude.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2023)·27 citations
4. 04*

   Geometric phases in neutrino mixing

   Manosh T. M.🇮🇳 · N. Shaji🇮🇳 · Ramesh Babu Thayyullathil🇮🇳 · Titus K Mathew🇮🇳

   Neutrinos can acquire both dynamic and geometric phases due to the non-trivial mixing between mass and flavour eigenstates. In this article, we derive the general expressions for all plausible gauge invariant diagonal and off-diagonal geometric phases in the three flavour neutrino model using the kinematic approach. We find that diagonal and higher order off-diagonal geometric phases are sensitive to the mass ordering and the Dirac CP violating phase $\delta$. We show that, third order off-diagonal geometric phase (${\Phi }_{\mu e\tau }$) is invariant under any cyclic or non-cyclic permutations of flavour indices when the Dirac CP phase is zero. For non-zero $\delta$, we find that ${\Phi }_{\mu e\tau }(\delta )={\Phi }_{e\mu \tau }(-\delta )$. Further, we explore the effects of matter background using a two flavour neutrino model and show that the diagonal geometric phase is either 0 or $\pi$ in the MSW resonance region and takes non-trivial values elsewhere. The transition between zero and $\pi$ occurs at the point of complete oscillation inversion called the nodal point, where the diagonal geometric phase is not defined. Also, in two flavour approximations, two distinct diagonal geometric phases are co-functions with respect to the mixing angle. Finally, in the two flavour model, we show that the only second order off-diagonal geometric phase is a topological invariant quantity and is always $\pi$.

   hep-phquant-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2022)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Strong decays of singly heavy baryons from a chiral effective theory of diquarks

   Yonghee Kim🇯🇵 · Makoto Oka🇯🇵 · Daiki Suenaga🇯🇵 · Kei Suzuki🇯🇵

   A chiral effective theory of scalar and vector diquarks is formulated, which is based on $SU(3{)}_R\times SU(3{)}_L$ chiral symmetry and includes interactions between scalar and vector diquarks with one or two mesons. We find that the diquark interaction term with two mesons breaks the $U(1{)}_A$ and flavor $SU(3)$ symmetries. To determine the coupling constants of the interaction Lagrangians, we investigate one-pion emission decays of singly heavy baryons $Qqq$ ($Q=c,b$ and $q=u,d,s$), where baryons are regarded as diquark--heavy-quark two-body systems. Using this model, we present predictions of the unobserved decay widths of singly heavy baryons. We also study the change of masses and strong decay widths of singly heavy baryons under partial restoration of chiral symmetry.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·12 citations
6. 06*

   Majorons Revisited: light dark matter as FIMP

   Soumen Kumar Manna🇮🇳 · Arunansu Sil🇮🇳

   We show that Majoron, the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson resulting from the spontaneous breaking of global lepton number symmetry, can present itself as a viable freeze-in type of dark matter in a mass range keV-GeV, thanks to the explicit higher dimensional Lepton number breaking operator. Interestingly, the proposal is restricted within the simplest extension of the Standard Model with two singlet right-handed neutrinos and a singlet scalar so to address light neutrino mass and spontaneous breaking of lepton number symmetry respectively. The desired amount of Majoron production takes place from the annihilations of right-handed neutrinos indicating an intriguing connection between neutrino physics and dark matter.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·14 citations
7. 07*

   Revisiting the $D{D}^{\ast }$ chiral interactions with the local momentum-space regularization up to the third order and the nature of $T_{cc}^{+}$

   Bo Wang🇨🇳 · Lu Meng🇩🇪

   We revisit the $D{D}^{\ast }$ interactions in chiral effective field theory up to the third order for the first time. We deal with the pion-exchanged interactions via local momentum-space regularization, in which we focus on their long-range behaviors through demanding their contributions vanish at the origin in the coordinate space. The short-range contact interactions and subleading pion-charmed meson couplings are estimated with the phenomenological resonance saturation model. The subleading pion-charmed meson couplings are much weaker than those in the pion-nucleon system, thus the $D{D}^{\ast }$ binding mechanism is very different with that of the $NN$ system. We also obtain the analytic structure of the two-pion exchange interactions in the coordinate space, and we find that its asymptotic behavior at long distance is similar to but slightly different with the $NN$ interactions. We get the same asymptotic behavior of the two-pion exchange interaction with that from HAL QCD method but appearing in the longer distance rather than $1<r<2\text{ fm}$. The binding solution only exists in the isoscalar channel. Our calculation supports the molecular interpretation of $T_{cc}^{+}$.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·45 citations
8. 08*

   Restoring the Bloch-Nordsieck theorem in the electroweak sector of the standard model

   Axel Maas🇦🇹 · Franziska Reiner🇦🇹

   The electroweak gauge symmetry cannot be broken in a literal sense due to Elitzur's theorem. Thus, asymptotic states need to be manifestly and non-perturbatively gauge-invariant with respect to the electroweak symmetry. To take this suitably into account perturbation theory augmented by the Fröhlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism can be used. We show that this restores the Bloch-Nordsieck theorem in electroweak processes in the standard model. This has potentially substantial impact at, e.g., future lepton colliders, but has only negligible effects at lower energies. We also demonstrate an alternative implementation using PDFs, which allows an approach with manifest electroweak Bloch-Nordsieck theorem also at hadron colliders.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·10 citations
9. 09*

   Improved Treatment of Dark Matter Capture in Compact Stars

   Sandra Robles🇬🇧

   Compact stellar objects are promising cosmic laboratories to test the nature of dark matter (DM). DM captured by the strong gravitational field of these stellar remnants transfers kinetic energy to the star during the collision. This can have various effects such as anomalous heating of old compact stars. The proper calculation of the DM capture rate is key to derive bounds on DM interactions in any scenario involving DM accretion in a star. We improve former calculations, which rely on approximations, for both white dwarfs (WDs) and neutron stars (NSs). We account for the stellar structure, gravitational focusing, relativistic kinematics, Pauli blocking, realistic form factors, and strong interactions (NSs). Considering DM capture by scattering off either ions or degenerate electrons in WDs, we show that old WDs in DM-rich environments could probe the elusive sub-GeV mass regime for both DM-nucleon and DM-electron scattering. In NSs, DM can be captured via collisions with strongly interacting baryons or relativistic leptons. We project the NS sensitivity to DM-nucleon and DM-lepton scattering cross sections which greatly exceeds that of direct detection experiments, especially for low mass DM.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRSciPost Phys.Proc.(2023)·8 citations
10. 10*

    Production of relic gravitational waves and the baryon asymmetry of the universe by random hypermagnetic fields

    Maxim Dvornikov (IZMIRAN)🇷🇺

    We study the evolution of hypermagnetic fields (HMFs) in random plasma in the symmetric phase of the early universe. The system of kinetic equations for the spectra of the energy density and the helicity, as well as the particles asymmetries is derived. We also formulate the initial condition which involve the Kazantsev and Kolmogorov spectra of the seed HMFs. This system is solved numerically. We predict the energy spectrum of primeval gravitational waves which are produced by these HMFs. Additionally, the baryon asymmetry of the universe, generated by the lepton asymmetries, is obtained. These results allow us to constrain the strength of seed HMFs.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPhys.Atom.Nucl.(2023)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Aspects of the Dark Dimension in Cosmology

    Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Dieter Lust🇩🇪

    It was recently understood that if the swampland conjectures are confronted to experiment they naturally point to a solution of the cosmological hierarchy problem in which the smallness of the dark energy is ascribed to an internal (dark) dimension with characteristic length-scale in the micron range. It was later inferred that the universal coupling of the Standard Model fields to the massive spin-2 Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of the graviton in the dark dimension leads to a dark matter candidate. Since the partial decay widths of KK gravitons into the visible sector must be relatively small to accommodate experiment, the model is particularly challenging to probe. We show that the model can accommodate neutrino masses associated to right-handed neutrinos propagating in the bulk of the dark dimension with an additional constraint imposed by neutrino oscillation data. After that, we study the impact of the KK tower in cosmology. We show that the modulation of redshifted 21-cm lines driven by $\mathrm{KK}\to \gamma \gamma$ could be within the reach of next generation experiments (e.g. SKA and FARSIDE). We also show that indirect dark matter searches could uncover the $\mathrm{KK}\to \gamma \gamma$ signal. These two observations combined have the potential for model identification. Finally, we explore the global structure of the inflationary phase and demonstrate that the model parameters required for a successful uniform inflation driven by a 5-dimensional cosmological constant (corresponding to a flat region of the 5-dimensional potential) are natural.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2023)·60 citations
12. 12*

    Polarized target as a tool for probing the non-standard properties of dark matter

    Arkadiusz Błaut (1)🇵🇱 · Wiesław Sobków (1) ((1) Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, Poland)🇵🇱

    Possibility of using the polarized nucleus target for testing the non-standard properties of fermionic dark matter is considered. It is assumed that the incoming dark matter scatters on the polarized nuclei in the presence of vector, axial, scalar and tensor interactions. The scalar and tensor couplings are assumed to be complex numbers. Various types of measurement settings are tested depending on the assumptions regarding dark matter polarization and measurement of the recoil nucleus spin. In particular we address the question of finding and distinguishing effects of theoretically possible scenarios in which mixed triple products among various polarization vectors, the momenta of incoming dark matter and of recoil nucleus appear in the cross section. Their presence would indicate the possibility of time reversal symmetry violation in the polarized dark matter-nucleus scattering. Our considerations are model-independent and carried out in the non-relativistic dark matter and recoiled nucleus limit.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPhys.Dark Univ.(2023)·1 citation
13. 13*

    $h\to gg$ and $h\to \gamma \gamma$ with Anomalous Couplings at Next-to-Leading Order in QCD

    Gerhard Buchalla🇩🇪 · Marius Höfer🇩🇪 · Christoph Müller-Salditt🇩🇪

    We generalize the next-to-leading order QCD calculations for the decay rates of $h\to gg$ and $h\to \gamma \gamma$ to the case of anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson. We demonstrate how this computation can be done in a consistent way within the framework of an electroweak chiral Lagrangian, based on a systematic power counting. It turns out that no additional coupling parameters arise at NLO in QCD beyond those already present at leading order. The impact of QCD is large for $h\to gg$ and the uncertainties from QCD are significantly reduced at NLO. $h\to \gamma \gamma$ is only mildly affected by QCD; here the NLO treatment practically eliminates the uncertainties. Consequently, our results will allow for an improved determination of anomalous Higgs couplings from these processes. The relation of our framework to a treatment in Standard Model effective field theory is also discussed.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
14. 14*

    Dynamical magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions

    Anping Huang🇨🇳 · Duan She🇨🇳 · Shuzhe Shi🇺🇸 · Mei Huang🇨🇳 · Jinfeng Liao🇺🇸

    The magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions are important ingredients for many interesting phenomena, such as the Chiral Magnetic Effect, Chiral Magnetic Wave, the directed flow $v_1$ of $D^0$ mesons and the splitting of the spin polarization of the $\Lambda$/$\bar{\Lambda }$. Quantitative studies of these phenomena however suffer from limited understanding on the dynamical evolution of these fields in the medium created by the collisions, which remains a critical and challenging problem. The initial magnetic fields from the colliding nuclei decay very fast in the vacuum but their lifetime could be extended through medium response due to electrically conducting quarks and antiquarks. Here we perform a detailed analysis of such medium effect on the dynamical magnetic fields by numerically solving the Maxwell's equations concurrently with the expanding medium described by viscous hydrodynamics, under the assumption of negligible back reaction of the fields on the fluid evolution. Our results suggest a considerable enhancement of late time magnetic fields, the magnitude of which depends sensitively on the fireball expansion as well as the medium electric conductivity both before and during hydrodynamic stage.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2023)·41 citations
15. 15*

    On the possibility of measuring the polarization of a ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ beam at EIC by the HJET polarimeter

    A. A. Poblaguev🇺🇸 · G. Atoian🇺🇸 · N. H. Buttimore🇮🇪 · A. Zelenski🇺🇸

    The requirements for hadron polarimetry at the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) include measurements of the absolute helion (${}^3\text{He}$, $h$) beam polarization with systematic uncertainties better than ${\sigma }_P^{\text{syst}}/P\lesssim 1\%$. Here, we consider a possibility to utilize the Polarized Atomic Hydrogen Gas Jet Target (HJET) for precision measurement of polarization of the $\sim$100 GeV/n helion beam. HJET, which serves to determine absolute proton beam polarization at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, provides the accuracy of about ${\delta }^{\text{syst}}P/P\sim 0.5\%$. Potential problems for adapting the HJET method for the EIC helion beam include (i) necessity to know the ratio of $p^{\uparrow }h$ and $h^{\uparrow }p$ analyzing powers $A_{\text{N}}^{ph}(t)/A_{\text{N}}^{hp}(t)$ with high precision, ({ii) possible beam ${}^3\text{He}$ breakup, and (iii) operation in a 10 ns bunch spacing beam. Preliminary results of an analysis discussed here indicate that the listed problems can be overcome and the helion beam absolute polarization can be measured by HJET with the required accuracy.

    hep-phJPS Conf.Proc.(2022)·3 citations
16. 16*

    An unfolding method based on conditional Invertible Neural Networks (cINN) using iterative training

    Mathias Backes🇩🇪 · Anja Butter🇩🇪 · Monica Dunford🇩🇪 · Bogdan Malaescu🇫🇷

    The unfolding of detector effects is crucial for the comparison of data to theory predictions. While traditional methods are limited to representing the data in a low number of dimensions, machine learning has enabled new unfolding techniques while retaining the full dimensionality. Generative networks like invertible neural networks~(INN) enable a probabilistic unfolding, which map individual events to their corresponding unfolded probability distribution. The accuracy of such methods is however limited by how well simulated training samples model the actual data that is unfolded. We introduce the iterative conditional INN~(IcINN) for unfolding that adjusts for deviations between simulated training samples and data. The IcINN unfolding is first validated on toy data and then applied to pseudo-data for the $pp\to Z\gamma \gamma$ process.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-exphysics.data-anSciPost Phys.Core(2024)·71 citations
17. 17*

    A Dark Matter Trigger for Early Dark Energy Coincidence

    Meng-Xiang Lin🇺🇸 · Evan McDonough🇨🇦 · J. Colin Hill🇺🇸 · Wayne Hu🇺🇸

    Early dark energy (EDE), whose cosmological role is localized in time around the epoch of matter-radiation equality in order to resolve the Hubble tension, introduces a new coincidence problem: why should the EDE dynamics occur near equality if EDE is decoupled from both matter and radiation? The resolution of this problem may lie in an {\it early dark sector} (EDS), wherein the dark matter mass is dependent on the EDE scalar field. Concretely, we consider a Planck-suppressed coupling of EDE to dark matter, as would naturally arise from breaking of the global $U(1)$ shift symmetry of the former by quantum gravity effects. With a sufficiently flat potential, the rise to dominance of dark matter at matter-radiation equality itself triggers the rolling and subsequent decay of the EDE. We show that this {\it trigger} EDS (tEDS) model can naturally resolve the EDE coincidence problem at the background level without any fine tuning of the coupling to dark matter or of the initial conditions. When fitting to current cosmological data, including that from the local distance ladder and the low-redshift amplitude of fluctuations, the tEDS maximum-likelihood model performs comparably to EDE for resolving the Hubble tension, achieving $H_0=71.2$ km/s/Mpc. However, fitting the \emph{Planck} cosmic microwave background data requires a specific range of initial field positions to balance the scalar field fluctuations that drive acoustic oscillations, providing testable differences with other EDE models.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·47 citations
18. 18*

    On the gamma-ray emission from the core of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy

    Addy J. Evans🇺🇸 · Louis E. Strigari🇺🇸 · Oskar Svenborn🇸🇪 · Andrea Albert🇺🇸 · J. Patrick Harding🇺🇸 · Dan Hooper🇺🇸 · Tim Linden🇸🇪 · Andrew B. Pace🇺🇸

    We use data from the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope (Fermi-LAT) to analyze the faint gamma-ray source located at the center of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal galaxy. In the 4FGL-DR3 catalog, this source is associated with the globular cluster, M54, which is coincident with the dynamical center of this dwarf galaxy. We investigate the spectral energy distribution and spatial extension of this source, with the goal of testing two hypotheses: (1) the emission is due to millisecond pulsars within M54, or (2) the emission is due to annihilating dark matter from the Sgr halo. For the pulsar interpretation, we consider a two-component model which describes both the lower-energy magnetospheric emission and possible high-energy emission arising from inverse Compton scattering. We find that this source has a point-like morphology at low energies, consistent with magnetospheric emission, and find no evidence for a higher-energy component. For the dark matter interpretation, we find that this signal favors a dark matter mass of $m_{\chi }=29.6\pm 5.8$ GeV and an annihilation cross section of $\sigma v=(2.1\pm 0.59)\times 10^{-26}{\text{cm}}^3/$s for the $b\bar{b}$ channel (or $m_{\chi }=8.3\pm 3.8$ GeV and $\sigma v=(0.90\pm 0.25)\times 10^{-26}{\text{cm}}^3/$s for the ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ channel), when adopting a J-factor of $J=10^{19.6}{\text{GeV}}^2{\text{cm}}^{-5}$. This parameter space is consistent with gamma-ray constraints from other dwarf galaxies and with dark matter interpretations of the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phMNRAS(2023)·15 citations
19. 19*

    Geometry-aware Autoregressive Models for Calorimeter Shower Simulations

    Junze Liu🇺🇸 · Aishik Ghosh🇺🇸 · Dylan Smith🇺🇸 · Pierre Baldi🇺🇸 · Daniel Whiteson🇺🇸

    Calorimeter shower simulations are often the bottleneck in simulation time for particle physics detectors. A lot of effort is currently spent on optimizing generative architectures for specific detector geometries, which generalize poorly. We develop a geometry-aware autoregressive model on a range of calorimeter geometries such that the model learns to adapt its energy deposition depending on the size and position of the cells. This is a key proof-of-concept step towards building a model that can generalize to new unseen calorimeter geometries with little to no additional training. Such a model can replace the hundreds of generative models used for calorimeter simulation in a Large Hadron Collider experiment. For the study of future detectors, such a model will dramatically reduce the large upfront investment usually needed to generate simulations.

    ↳ physics.ins-detcs.LGhep-exhep-ph+16 citations
20. 20*

    Speed of sound and liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter

    Wei-bo He🇨🇳 · Guo-yun Shao🇨🇳 · Chong-long Xie🇨🇳

    We investigate the speed of sound in nuclear matter at finite temperature and density~(chemical potential) in the nonlinear Walecka model. The numerical results suggest that the behaviors of sound speed are closely related to the the nuclear liquid-gas (LG) phase transition and the associated spinodal structure. The adiabatic sound speed is nonzero at the critical endpoint (CEP) in the mean field approximation. We further derive the boundary of vanishing sound velocity in the temperature-density phase diagram, and point out the region where the sound wave equation is broken. The distinction between the speed of sound in nuclear matter and that in quark matter contains important information about the equation of state of strongly interacting matter at intermediate and high density. We also formulate the relations between differently defined speed of sound using the fundamental thermodynamic relations.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·20 citations
21. 21*

    Signature of Collapsars as Sources for High-energy Neutrinos and $r$-process Nuclei

    Gang Guo🇨🇳 · Yong-Zhong Qian🇺🇸 · Meng-Ru Wu🇹🇼

    If collapsars are sources for both high-energy (HE) neutrinos and $r$-process nuclei, the profuse low-energy antineutrinos from $\beta$-decay of the newly-synthesized nuclei can annihilate the HE neutrinos. Considering HE neutrinos produced at internal shocks induced by intermittent mildly-magnetized jets, we show that such annihilation suppresses the overall HE neutrino spectrum at $\gtrsim 300$~TeV and produces a corresponding flavor composition of $(F_{{\nu }_e+{\bar{\nu }}_e}:F_{{\nu }_{\mu }+{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }}:F_{{\nu }_{\tau }+{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }}{)}_{\star }\approx (1:10:1)$ at source. We find that the emergent HE neutrino flux can well fit the diffuse flux observed at IceCube if contributions from all similar sources are taken into account. Our results highlight the unique role of HE neutrinos in supporting collapsars as sources for $r$-process nuclei, and can be tested by accurate measurement of the diffuse HE neutrino flux spectrum and flavor composition, as well as detection of HE neutrinos from individual sources.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
22. 22*

    Impact of dark matter-baryon relative velocity on the 21cm forest

    Hayato Shimabukuro🇨🇳 · Kiyotomo Ichiki🇯🇵 · Kenji Kadota🇨🇳

    We study the effect of the relative velocity between the dark matter (DM) and the baryon on the 21cm forest signals. The DM-baryon relative velocity arises due to their different evolutions before the baryon-photon decoupling epoch and it gives an additional anisotropic pressure that can suppress the perturbation growth. It is intriguing that the scales $k\sim \mathcal{O}(10\sim 10^3)h/\mathrm{Mpc}$ at which the matter power spectrum is affected by such a streaming velocity turns out to be the scale at which the 21cm forest signal is sensitive to. We demonstrate that the 21cm absorption line abundance can decrease by more than a factor of a few due to the small-scale matter power spectrum suppression caused by the DM-baryon relative velocity.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·12 citations
23. 23*

    Probing the energy-smeared R-ratio on the lattice

    Constantia Alexandrou🇨🇾 · Simone Bacchio🇨🇾 · Alessandro De Santis🇮🇹 · Petros Dimopoulos🇫🇷 · Jacob Finkenrath🇨🇾 · Roberto Frezzotti🇮🇹 · Giuseppe Gagliardi🇮🇹 · Marco Garofalo🇩🇪 · Kyriakos Hadjiyiannakou🇨🇾 · Bartosz Kostrzewa🇩🇪 · Karl Jansen🇩🇪 · Vittorio Lubicz🇮🇹 and 6 other authors

    We present a first-principles lattice QCD investigation of the $R$-ratio between the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ cross-section into hadrons and that into muons. By using the method of Ref.[1], that allows to extract smeared spectral densities from Euclidean correlators, we compute the $R$-ratio convoluted with Gaussian smearing kernels of widths of about $600$ MeV and central energies from $220$ MeV up to $2.5$ GeV. Our theoretical results are compared with the corresponding quantities obtained by smearing the KNT19 compilation [2] of $R$-ratio experimental measurements with the same kernels and, by centring the Gaussians in the region around the $\rho$-resonance peak, a tension of about three standard deviations is observed. From the phenomenological perspective, we have not included yet in our calculation QED and strong isospin-breaking corrections and this might affect the observed tension. From the methodological perspective, our calculation demonstrates that it is possible to study the $R$-ratio in Gaussian energy bins on the lattice at the level of accuracy required in order to perform precision tests of the Standard Model.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRL(2023)·93 citations
24. 24*

    Effective Field Theory for Large Scale Structure

    Mikhail M. Ivanov🇺🇸

    This chapter is a non-expert introduction to the effective field theory of large scale structure. First, we give a detailed pedagogical explanation of why previous attempts to build non-linear cosmological perturbation theory failed. After that we introduce the description of dark matter as an effective non-ideal fluid and show how it corrects the shortcomings of the previous approaches. Finally, we develop a formulation of the effective field theory of large-scale structure from a nonequilibrium field theory perspective, called time-sliced perturbation theory. We show how this framework can be used for a consistent renormalization of cosmological correlation functions and a systematic resummation of large infrared effects relevant for the baryon acoustic oscillations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th77 citations
25. 25*

    JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay $p\to \bar{\nu }{K}^{+}$ Searches

    JUNO Collaboration: Angel Abusleme🇨🇱 · Thomas Adam🇫🇷 · Shakeel Ahmad🇵🇰 · Rizwan Ahmed🇵🇰 · Sebastiano Aiello🇮🇹 · Muhammad Akram🇵🇰 · Fengpeng An🇨🇳 · Qi An🇨🇳 · Giuseppe Andronico🇮🇹 · Nikolay Anfimov🇷🇺 · Vito Antonelli🇮🇹 · Tatiana Antoshkina🇷🇺 and 598 other authors

    The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar{\nu }{K}^{+}$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu }{K}^{+}$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6\times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phCPC(2023)·55 citations
26. 26*

    Stabilizing complex Langevin for real-time gauge theories with an anisotropic kernel

    Kirill Boguslavski🇦🇹 · Paul Hotzy🇦🇹 · David I. Müller🇦🇹

    The complex Langevin (CL) method is a promising approach to overcome the sign problem that occurs in real-time formulations of quantum field theories. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, we study SU($N_c$) gauge theories with CL. We observe that current stabilization techniques are insufficient to obtain correct results. Therefore, we revise the discretization of the CL equations on complex time contours, find a time reflection symmetric formulation and introduce a novel anisotropic kernel that enables CL simulations on discretized complex time paths. Applying it to SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensions, we obtain unprecedentedly stable results that we validate using additional observables and that can be systematically improved. For the first time, we are able to simulate non-Abelian gauge theory on time contours whose real-time extent exceeds its inverse temperature. Thus, our approach may pave the way towards an ab-initio real-time framework of QCD in and out of equilibrium with a potentially large impact on the phenomenology of heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2023)·28 citations
27. 27*

    Partially Celestial States and Their Scattering Amplitudes

    Csaba Csaki🇺🇸 · Ofri Telem🇮🇱 · John Terning🇺🇸

    We study representations of the Poincaré group that have a privileged transformation law along a p-dimensional hyperplane, and uncover their associated spinor helicity variables in D spacetime dimensions. Our novel representations generalize the recently introduced celestial states and transform as conformal primaries of SO(p,1), the symmetry group of the p-hyperplane. We will refer to our generalized states as ``partially celestial." Following Wigner's method, we find the induced representations, including spin degrees of freedom. Defining generalized spinor helicity variables for every D and p, we are able to construct the little group covariant part of partially celestial amplitudes. Finally, we briefly examine the application of the pairwise little group to partially celestial states with mutually non-local charges.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.