Wed·Nov 16, 2022Wednesday·November 16, 2022

1. 01*

   Aligning a Majorana fermion's anapole moment with an external current through photon emission mediated by the fermion's generalized polarizabilities

   Kiana Walter🇺🇸 · Kobi Hall🇺🇸 · David C. Latimer🇺🇸

   The sole static electromagnetic property of a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Majorana fermion is its anapole moment. Though they cannot couple to single real photons, these particles can interact with electric currents through virtual photons. If a Majorana fermion is immersed in a background current, there is an energy difference between the spin states of the fermion; the higher energy state has its anapole moment antialigned with the current. In this paper, we address the ability of a system of initially unpolarized Majorana fermions to achieve some degree of polarization relative to a static background current. In considering processes that allow the Majorana fermion's spin to flip to the lower-energy state, we focus upon two irreversible processes: the spontaneous emission of two real photons and the emission of a single real photon emitted in virtual Compton scattering. Both of these processes involve coupling to photons via the fermion's polarizaibilities. We compute the spin-flip transition rates for these processes using a low-energy expansion of the Hamiltonian and construct a toy model to showcase how these rates depend upon the underlying parameters within a model. Applying these ideas to a thermal dark matter (DM) model, we find that when the DM thermally decouples from the Standard Model plasma in the early universe, two-photon emission is negligible but partial polarization for the DM medium can proceed via virtual Compton scattering if sufficient currents exist.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·2 citations
2. 02*

   Emergence of Hadron Mass and Structure

   Minghui Ding🇩🇪 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳 · Sebastian M. Schmidt🇩🇪

   Visible matter is characterised by a single mass scale; namely, the proton mass. The proton's existence and structure are supposed to be described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD); yet, absent Higgs boson couplings, chromodynamics is scale invariant. Thus, if the Standard Model is truly a part of the theory of Nature, then the proton mass is an emergent feature of QCD; and emergent hadron mass (EHM) must provide the basic link between theory and observation. Nonperturbative tools are necessary if such connections are to be made; and in this context, we sketch recent progress in the application of continuum Schwinger function methods to an array of related problems in hadron and particle physics. Special emphasis is given to the three pillars of EHM -- namely, the running gluon mass, process-independent effective charge, and running quark mass; their role in stabilising QCD; and their measurable expressions in a diverse array of observables.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1Particles(2023)·117 citations
3. 03*

   Predicting Neutrino Mixing Angles Using Group Presentations

   Carlos Alvarado🇲🇽 · Janelly Bautista🇲🇽 · Alexander J. Stuart🇲🇽

   By assuming there exist three massive non-degenerate Majorana neutrinos, it is possible to describe neutrino mixing with a residual, unbroken discrete Klein subgroup of a larger spontaneously broken flavor symmetry group. Motivated by forthcoming measurements of leptonic CP violation, we revisit this framework by applying group presentation rules to it. We develop a method that is able to reproduce all previous results in the literature and may also hint at a possible group theoretical origin of CP violation in the Klein symmetry elements. This is due to the explicit appearance of a phase in them. However, for the cases considered in this analysis, it turns out that this phase can be removed. Still, this new method warrants further study.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·2 citations
4. 04*

   Implications of quantum gravity for dark matter in the brane-world scenario

   Cao H. Nam🇻🇳

   Based on the swampland program establishing the constraints that an effective field theory must satisfy in order to come from quantum gravity, we point to that if this program is true the brane-world scenario with the branon dark matter (DM) would be ruled out without needing the experimental observations. In other words, the constraints of quantum gravity imply that the branons must be absorbed by the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gauge bosons which are the off-diagonal components of the bulk metric to become their longitudinal modes. Interestingly, the KK gauge bosons behave as the DM and hence it leads to a geometric unification of gravity and the DM, as a natural feature of the brane-world scenario completed into quantum gravity in the ultraviolet. In addition, the KK gauge boson DM would open a particularly promising observation window to search for the DM coupling very weakly to the SM in the cosmic microwave background and the spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves.

   hep-phgr-qchep-thPLB(2023)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Combined search in dwarf spheroidal galaxies for branon dark matter annihilation signatures with the MAGIC Telescopes

   T. Miener🇪🇸 · D. Nieto🇪🇸 · V. Gammaldi🇪🇸 · D. Kerszberg🇪🇸 · J. Rico (on behalf of the MAGIC Collaboration)🇪🇸

   One of the most pressing questions for modern physics is the nature of dark matter (DM). Several efforts have been made to model this elusive kind of matter. The largest fraction of DM cannot be made of any of the known particles of the Standard Model (SM). We focus on brane world theory as a prospective framework for DM candidates beyond the SM of particle physics. The new degrees of freedom that appear in flexible brane world models, corresponding to brane fluctuations, are called branons. They behave as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are one of the most favored candidates for DM. We present a multi-target DM search in dwarf spheroidal galaxies for branon DM annihilation signatures with the ground-based gamma-ray telescope MAGIC leading to the most constraining branon DM limits in the TeV mass range.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPoS(2024)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Single and pair $J/\psi$ production in the Improved Color Evaporation Model using the Parton Reggeization Approach

   A.A. Chernyshev🇷🇺 · V.A. Saleev🇷🇺

   In the article, we study single and pair $J/\psi$ hadroproduction in the Improved Color Evaporation Model via the Parton Reggeization Approach. The last one is based on $k_T$-factorization of hard processes in multi-Regge kinematics, the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin-Watt model for unintegrated parton distribution functions, and the effective field theory of Reggezied gluons and quarks, suggested by L.N. Lipatov. We compare contributions from the single and double parton scattering mechanisms in the pair $J/\psi$ production. The numerical calculations are realized using the Monte-Carlo event generator KaTie.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·15 citations
7. 07*

   Deep-learning quasi-particle masses from QCD equation of state

   Fu-Peng Li🇨🇳 · Hong-Liang Lü🇨🇳 · Long-Gang Pang🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳

   The interactions of quarks and gluons are strong at non-perturbative region. The equation of state (EoS) of a strongly-interacting quantum chromodynamics (QCD) medium can only be studied using the first-principle lattice QCD calculations. However, the complicated QCD EoS can be reproduced using simple statistical formula by treating the medium as a free parton gas whose fundamental degree of freedoms are dressed quarks and gluons called quasi-particles, with temperature-dependent masses. We use deep neural network and auto differentiation to solve this variational problem in which the masses of quasi gluons, up/down and strange quarks are three unknown functions, whose forms are represented by deep neural network. We reproduce the QCD EoS using these machine learned quasi-particle masses, and calculate the shear viscosity over entropy density ($\eta /s$) as a function of temperature of the hot QCD matter.

   hep-phnucl-thPLB(2023)·31 citations
8. 08*

   Charmonium spectrum in an unquenched quark model

   Sadia Kanwal🇵🇰 · Faisal Akram🇵🇰 · Bilal Masud🇵🇰 · E.S. Swanson🇺🇸

   The effects of virtual light quark pairs on the charmonium spectrum are studied. Pair creation is modelled with a ``${}^3{P}_0$" vertex and intermediate states are summed up to 2S excitations. Quark model parameters are obtained by fitting to 12 well-known charmonium states, allowing for feedback between the decaying particle and the induced mass shifts. Both of these technical steps are new and improve agreement with the experimental spectrum. In general, the masses receive small shifts once model parameters are refit. This is true in almost cases except the ${\chi }_{cJ}(2P)$ multiplet, which experiences upwards mass shifts of order 150 MeV, has the ordering of the multiplet rearranged, and pushes the erstwhile $c\bar{c}$ $2^3{P}_1$ state well above $D^{\ast }\bar{D}$ threshold--observations that clarify the nature of the enigmatic $X(3872)$

   hep-phEPJA(2022)·14 citations
9. 09*

   On the emergence of heavy quark spin symmetry breaking in heavy quarkonium decays

   V.Baru🇩🇪 · E.Epelbaum🇩🇪 · A.A.Filin🇩🇪 · C.Hanhart🇩🇪 · A.V.Nefediev🇸🇮

   Heavy-quark spin symmetry (HQSS) implies that in the direct decay of a heavy quarkonium with spin $S$, only lower lying heavy quarkonia with the same spin $S$ can be produced. However, this selection rule, expected to work very well in the $b$-quark sector, can be overcome if multiquark intermediate states are involved in the decay chain, allowing for transitions to the final-state heavy quarkonia with a different spin $S^{\prime }$. In particular, the measured decays ${\rm Y}(10860)\to \pi Z_b^{(\prime )}\to \pi \pi {\rm Y}(nS)$ $(n=1,2,3)$ and ${\rm Y}(10860)\to \pi Z_b^{(\prime )}\to \pi \pi h_b(mP)$ ($m=1,2$) appear to have nearly equal strengths which is conventionally explained by a simultaneous presence of both $S_{b\bar{b}}=0$ and $S_{b\bar{b}}=1$ components in the wave functions of the $Z_b$'s in equal shares. Meanwhile, the destructive interference between the contributions of the $Z_b$ and $Z_b^{\prime }$ to the decay amplitude for a $\pi \pi h_b$ final state kills the signal to zero in the strict HQSS limit. In this paper, we discuss how the HQSS violation needs to be balanced by the narrowness of the $Z_b^{(\prime )}$ states in the physical case, to allow for equal transition strengths into final states with different total heavy quark spins, and how spin symmetry is restored as a result of a subtle interplay of the scales involved, when the mass of a heavy quark becomes infinite. Moreover, we demonstrate how similar branching fractions of the decays into $\pi \pi h_b$ and $\pi \pi {\rm Y}$ can be obtained and how the mentioned HQSS breaking can be reconciled with the dispersive approach to the $\pi \pi /K\bar{K}$ interaction in the final state and matched with the low-energy chiral dynamics in both final states.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·10 citations
10. 10*

    Scalar leptoquark and vector-like quark extended models as the explanation of the muon $g-2$ anomaly: bottom partner chiral enhancement case

    Shi-Ping He🇰🇷

    Leptoquark (LQ) models are well motivated solutions to the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly. In the minimal LQ models, only specific representations can lead to the chiral enhancements. For the scalar LQs, the $R_2$ and $S_1$ can lead to the top quark chiral enhancement. For the vector LQs, the $V_2$ and $U_1$ can lead to the bottom quark chiral enhancement. When we consider the LQ and vector-like quark (VLQ) simultaneously, there can be more scenarios. In our previous work, we considered the scalar LQ and VLQ extended models with up-type quark chiral enhancement. Here, we study the scalar LQ and VLQ extended models with down-type quark chiral enhancement. We find two new models with $B$ quark chiral enhancement, which originate from the bottom and bottom partner mixing. Then, we propose new LQ and VLQ search channels under the constraints of $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$.

    hep-phhep-exCPC(2023)·4 citations
11. 11*

    The universal scaling of kinetic freeze-out parameters across different collision systems at the LHC energy

    Lian Liu🇨🇳 · Zhong-Bao Yin🇨🇳 · Liang Zheng🇨🇳

    In this paper, we perform the Tsallis Blast-Wave analysis on the transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons produced in a wide range of collision systems at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) including pp, pPb, XeXe and PbPb collisions. The kinetic freeze-out properties are investigated across these systems varying with the event multiplicity. We find that the extracted kinetic freeze-out temperature, radial flow velocity and the non-extensive parameter exhibit a universal scaling behavior for these systems with very different geometric size, especially when the independent baryon Tsallis non-extensive parameter is considered. This universality may indicate the existence of a unified partonic evolution stage in different collision systems at the LHC energies.

    hep-phnucl-thCPC(2023)·13 citations
12. 12*

    Reconstructing masses for semi-invisibly decaying particles pair-produced at lepton colliders

    Jin Min Yang🇨🇳 · Yang Zhang🇨🇳 · Pengxuan Zhu🇨🇳 · Rui Zhu🇨🇳

    We present a set of Lorentz invariant kinematic variables for reconstructing mass of semi-invisible decaying particles pair-produced at lepton colliders, $m_{\mathrm{RC}}^{\min }$, $m_{\mathrm{RC}}^{\max }$ and $m_{\mathrm{LSP}}^{\max }$, with analytical formulas. They give the minimal and maximum bounds of the decaying particle mass and upper bound of the invisible particle mass. In the search of new physics, these variables can greatly enhance the statistical significance of signal. For the process of smuon pair production at $\sqrt{s}=240\mathrm{GeV}$ lepton collider of 5 ab${}^{-1}$, the cross section detection limit is pushed by one order, and the expected exclusion and discovery limits are set above $\sqrt{s}/2$ and go into the off-shell region. Moreover, these variables can also be used to improve the precision of $W$-boson mass measurement in full leptonic decayed channel. At future lepton collider, the precision can reach to $2\sim 3$ MeV level.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Texture-zero patterns of lepton mass matrices from modular symmetry

    Gui-Jun Ding🇨🇳 · F. R. Joaquim🇵🇹 · Jun-Nan Lu🇨🇳

    Texture zeros in fermion mass matrices have been widely considered in tackling the Standard Model flavour puzzle. In this work, we perform a systematic analysis of texture zeros in lepton mass matrices in the framework of ${\Gamma }_3^{\prime }\cong T^{\prime }$ modular symmetry. Assuming that the lepton fields transform as irreducible representations of $T^{\prime }$, we obtain all possible texture-zero patterns for both charged-lepton and neutrino mass matrices which can be achieved from $T^{\prime }$ modular symmetry. We provide representative models for the phenomenologically-viable textures which can accommodate the experimental data. The predictions for lepton mixing angles, CP-violating phases, light neutrino masses and effective neutrino mass relevant for neutrinoless doble beta decay, are discussed. We find that the minimal viable lepton model depends on only $7$ real free parameters including the modulus $\tau$ (the corresponding charged-lepton mass matrix contains $4$ vanishing entries, and the neutrino mass matrix has $1$ texture zero). Finally, we study in detail three benchmark models, one for each neutrino mass generation mechanism considered (Dirac, Majorana via Weinberg operator and Majorana via minimal type-I seesaw mechanism).

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·31 citations
14. 14*

    Molecular $P_{\psi }$ pentaquarks from light-meson exchange saturation

    Zi-Ying Yang🇨🇳 · Fang-Zheng Peng🇨🇳 · Mao-Jun Yan🇨🇳 · Mario Sánchez Sánchez🇫🇷 · Manuel Pavon Valderrama🇨🇳

    Theoretical predictions for the spectrum of heavy meson-baryon bound states are a fundamental tool for disentangling the nature of the different pentaquark states that have been observed in experimental facilities. Here we explore this spectrum in a phenomenological model that describes the heavy meson-baryon interaction in terms of a contact-range interaction, where the coupling strength is saturated by the exchange of light scalar and vector mesons, i.e. $\sigma$, $\rho$ and $\omega$ exchanges. Saturation determines the couplings modulo an unknown proportionality constant that can be calibrated from a molecular candidate. If we use the $P_{\psi }^N(4312)$ as input, we predict a series of molecular pentaquarks including the $P_{\psi }^N(4440)$ and $P_{\psi }^N(4457)$, the recent $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4338)$ and the $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4459)$.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·28 citations
15. 15*

    Gravitational waves and tadpole resummation: Efficient and easy convergence of finite temperature QFT

    David Curtin🇨🇦 · Jyotirmoy Roy🇨🇦 · Graham White🇯🇵

    We demonstrate analytically and numerically that "optimized partial dressing" (OPD) thermal mass resummation, which uses gap equation solutions inserted into the tadpole, efficiently tames finite-temperature perturbation theory calculations of the effective thermal potential, without necessitating use of the high-temperature approximation. An analytical estimate of the scale dependence for OPD resummation, standard Parwani resummation (Daisy resummation), and dimensional reduction shows that OPD has similar scale dependence to dimensional reduction, greatly improving Parwani resummation. We also elucidate how to construct and solve the gap equation for realistic numerical calculations, and demonstrate OPD's improved accuracy for a toy scalar model. OPD's improved accuracy is most physically significant when the high-temperature approximation breaks down, rendering dimensional reduction unusable and Parwani resummation highly inaccurate, with the latter underestimating the maximal gravitational wave amplitude for the model by 2 orders of magnitude compared to OPD. Our work highlights the need to bring theoretical uncertainties under control even when analyzing broad features of a model. Given the simplicity of the OPD compared to two-loop dimensional reduction, as well as the ease with which this scheme handles departures from the high-temperature expansion, we argue this scheme has great potential in analyzing the parameter space of realistic beyond the Standard Model models.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2024)·27 citations
16. 16*

    More axions from diluted domain walls

    Keisuke Harigaya🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸

    We consider the scenario in which the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking is followed by a period of inflation. A particularly interesting case is that the string-domain wall network produced by the symmetry breaking enters the horizon after the QCD phase transition. We show that the abundance of axions produced by such a string-domain wall network is counterintuitively much larger than the conventional post-inflationary Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking scenario. As a result, a scenario with the axion decay constant even as low as the astrophysical bound of about $10^8$ GeV can explain the observed abundance of dark matter. The axion mini-halos produced from the string-domain wall network is much more massive than the conventional scenario. We also briefly discuss models which can realize this scenario such as a Peccei-Quinn phase transition during inflation or a second inflation after a Peccei-Quinn phase transition.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO23 citations
17. 17*

    Forward Inclusive Jet Productions in pA Collisions

    Lei Wang🇨🇳 · Lin Chen🇨🇳 · Zhan Gao🇨🇳 · Yu Shi🇨🇳 · Shu-Yi Wei🇨🇳 · Bo-Wen Xiao🇨🇳

    Motivated by recent experimental LHC measurements on the forward inclusive jet productions and based on our previous calculations on forward hadron productions, we calculate single inclusive jet cross-section in $pA$ collisions at forward rapidity within the color glass condensate framework up to the next-to-leading-order. Moreover, with the application of jet algorithm and proper subtraction of the rapidity and collinear divergences, we further demonstrate that the resulting next-to-leading-order hard coefficients are finite. In addition, in order to deal with the large logarithms that can potentially spoil the convergence of the perturbative expansion and improve the reliability of the numerical predictions, we introduce the collinear jet function and the threshold jet function and resum these large logarithms hidden in the hard coefficients.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·20 citations
18. 18*

    Quantum simulation of quantum mechanical system with spatial noncommutativity

    S. Hasibul Hassan Chowdhury🇧🇩 · Talal Ahmed Chowdhury🇧🇩 · Salah Nasri🇦🇪 · Omar Ibna Nazim🇧🇩 · Shaikh Saad🇨🇭

    Quantum simulation has become a promising avenue of research that allows one to simulate and gain insight into the models of High Energy Physics whose experimental realizations are either complicated or inaccessible with current technology. We demonstrate the quantum simulation of such a model, a quantum mechanical system with spatial noncommutativity, which is inspired by the works in Noncommutative Geometry and Noncommutative Field theory for a universal quantum computer. We use the novel group theoretical formalism to map the Hamiltonian of such a noncommutative quantum system into the ordinary quantum mechanical Hamiltonian and then carry out the quantum simulation using the Trotter-Suzuki product formula. Furthermore, we distinguish the impact of the noncommutativity parameter on the quantum simulation, especially on the Trotter error, and point out how its sizable value affects the simulation.

    hep-phhep-lathep-thquant-ph0 citations
19. 19*

    Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions in the threshold limit

    Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Kajal Samanta🇺🇸 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳 · Yang-Li Zeng🇨🇳

    We apply the joint threshold and transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem to introduce new threshold-TMD distribution functions, including threshold-TMD parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs). We apply Soft-Collinear Effective Theory and renormalization group methods to carry out QCD evolution for both threshold-TMD PDFs and FFs. We show the universality of threshold-TMD functions among three standard processes, i.e. the Drell-Yan production in $pp$ collisions, semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and back-to-back two hadron production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions. In the end, we present the numerical predictions for different threshold-TMD functions and also transverse momentum distributions at $pp$, $ep$, and $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2023)·4 citations
20. 20*

    ALP production in weak mesonic decays

    Alfredo Walter Mario Guerrera🇮🇹 · Stefano Rigolin🇮🇹

    Axion-Like-Particles are among the most economical and well motivated extensions of the Standard Model. In this work ALP production from hadronic and leptonic meson decays are studied. The hadronization part of these decay amplitudes have been obtained using Brodsky-Lepage method or LQCD, at needs. In particular, the general expressions for ALP emission in mesonic s- and t-channel tree-level processes are thoroughly discussed, for pseudoscalar and vector mesons. Accordingly, the calculation of the decay amplitudes for $M_I\to M_{F}a$ and $M\to \ell \nu a$ are presented. Finally, bounds on the (low-energy effective Lagrangian) ALP-fermion couplings are derived, from present and future flavor experiments.

    hep-phFortsch.Phys.·29 citations
21. 21*

    Zooming into CP violation in $B_{(s)}\to hh$ Decays

    Robert Fleischer🇳🇱 · Ruben Jaarsma🇳🇱 · K. Keri Vos🇳🇱

    The LHCb collaboration has recently reported the first observation of CP violation in the penguin-dominated $B_s^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$ decay and further new measurements, indicating differences between the direct CP asymmetries of both the $B_s^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$, $B_d^0\to {\pi }^{-}{K}^{+}$ and the $B_d^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$, $B_s^0\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ modes. We show that these puzzling differences can be accommodated through sizeable penguin annihilation and exchange topologies in the Standard Model, and constrain them. Utilising the $U$-spin symmetry, we extract the angle $\gamma$ of the unitarity triangle from the CP asymmetries in the $B_s^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$, $B_d^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ system alone, finding $\gamma =(65_{-7}^{+11}{)}^{\circ }$, in perfect agreement with the determination from tree-level $B\to DK$ decays. The $B_s^0$--${\bar{B}}_s^0$ mixing phase ${\varphi }_s$ can be extracted from CP violation measurements in $B_s^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$ in a clean way. We present a new strategy and extract ${\varphi }_s=-(3.6\pm 5.4{)}^{\circ }$. This result is in agreement with the determination from $B_s^0\to J/\psi \varphi$ decays. New CP-violating contributions would influence these determinations differently. Hence it is interesting to keep monitoring both as the experimental picture sharpens.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·17 citations
22. 22*

    LHC EFT WG Report: Experimental Measurements and Observables

    N. Castro🇵🇹 · K. Cranmer🇺🇸 · A. V. Gritsan🇺🇸 · J. Howarth🇬🇧 · G. Magni🇳🇱 · K. Mimasu🇬🇧 · J. Rojo🇳🇱 · J. Roskes🇺🇸 · E. Vryonidou🇬🇧 · T. You🇨🇭

    The LHC effective field theory working group gathers members of the LHC experiments and the theory community to provide a framework for the interpretation of LHC data in the context of EFT. In this note we discuss experimental observables and corresponding measurements in analysis of the Higgs, top, and electroweak data at the LHC. We review the relationship between operators and measurements relevant for the interpretation of experimental data in the context of a global SMEFT analysis. One of the goals of ongoing effort is bridging the gap between theory and experimental communities working on EFT, and in particular concerning optimised analyses. This note serves as a guide to experimental measurements and observables leading to EFT fits and establishes good practice, but does not present authoritative guidelines how those measurements should be performed.

    hep-phhep-ex20 citations
23. 23*

    Dark Matter from freeze-in and its inhomogeneities

    Alessandro Strumia🇮🇹

    We consider generic freeze-in processes for generation of Dark Matter, together with the consequent re-thermalization of the Standard Model fluid. We find that Dark Matter inherits the Standard Model adiabatic inhomogeneities on the cosmological scales probed by current observations, that were super-horizon during freeze-in. Thereby, freeze-in satisfies the bounds on iso-curvature perturbations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2023)·7 citations
24. 24*

    Is the Machine Smarter than the Theorist: Deriving Formulas for Particle Kinematics with Symbolic Regression

    Zhongtian Dong🇺🇸 · Kyoungchul Kong🇺🇸 · Konstantin T. Matchev🇺🇸 · Katia Matcheva🇺🇸

    We demonstrate the use of symbolic regression in deriving analytical formulas, which are needed at various stages of a typical experimental analysis in collider phenomenology. As a first application, we consider kinematic variables like the stransverse mass, $M_{T2}$, which are defined algorithmically through an optimization procedure and not in terms of an analytical formula. We then train a symbolic regression and obtain the correct analytical expressions for all known special cases of $M_{T2}$ in the literature. As a second application, we reproduce the correct analytical expression for a next-to-leading order (NLO) kinematic distribution from data, which is simulated with a NLO event generator. Finally, we derive analytical approximations for the NLO kinematic distributions after detector simulation, for which no known analytical formulas currently exist.

    hep-phcs.AIcs.LGcs.SC+1PRD(2023)·21 citations
25. 25*

    Baryogenesis, Primordial Black Holes and MHz-GHz Gravitational Waves

    Thomas C. Gehrman🇺🇸 · Barmak Shams Es Haghi🇺🇸 · Kuver Sinha🇺🇸 · Tao Xu🇺🇸

    Gravitational waves (GWs) in the MHz - GHz frequency range are motivated by a host of early Universe phenomena such as oscillons, preheating, and cosmic strings. We point out that baryogenesis too serves as a motivation to probe GWs in this frequency range. The connection is through primordial black holes (PBHs): on the one hand, PBHs induce baryogenesis by Hawking evaporating into a species that has baryon number and $CP$ violating decays; on the other, PBHs induce GWs through second order effects when the scalar fluctuations responsible for their formation re-enter the horizon. We describe the interplay of the parameters responsible for successful baryogenesis on the plane of the strain and frequency of the induced GWs, being careful to delineate regimes where PBH domination or washout effects occur. We provide semi-analytic scalings of the GW strain with the baryon number to entropy ratio and other parameters important for baryogenesis. Along the way, we sketch a solution to the dark matter-baryogenesis coincidence problem with two populations of PBHs, which leads to a double-peaked GW signal. Our results underscore the importance of probing the ultra high frequency GW frontier.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2023)·74 citations
26. 26*

    Axion Detection with Optomechanical Cavities

    Clara Murgui🇺🇸 · Yikun Wang🇺🇸 · Kathryn M. Zurek🇺🇸

    We propose a novel technique to search for axions with an optomechanical cavity filled with a material such as superfluid helium. Axion absorption converts a pump laser photon to a photon plus a phonon. The axion absorption rate is enhanced by the high occupation number of coherent photons or phonons in the cavity, allowing our proposal to largely overcome the extremely small axion coupling. The axion mass probed is set by the relative frequency of the photon produced in the final state and the Stokes mode. Because neither the axion mass nor momentum need to be matched to the physical size of the cavity, we can scale up the cavity size while maintaining access to a wide range of axion masses (up to a meV) complementary to other cavity proposals.

    hep-phPLB(2024)·8 citations
27. 27*

    Using supernova neutrinos to probe strange spin of proton with JUNO and THEIA

    Bhavesh Chauhan🇺🇸

    The strange quark contribution to proton's spin ($\Delta s$) is a fundamental quantity that is poorly determined from current experiments. Neutrino-proton elastic scattering (pES) is a promising channel to measure this quantity, and requires an intense source of low-energy neutrinos and a low-threshold detector with excellent resolution. In this paper, we propose that neutrinos from a galactic supernova and their interactions with protons in large-volume scintillation detectors can be utilized to determine $\Delta s$. The spectra of all flavors of supernova neutrinos can be independently determined using a combination of DUNE and Super-(Hyper-)Kamiokande. This allows us to predict pES event rates in JUNO and THEIA, and estimate $\Delta s$ by comparing with detected events. We find that the projected sensitivity for a supernova at 1 kpc (10 kpc), is approximately $\pm 0.01$ ($\pm 0.15$). Interestingly, the limits from a nearby supernova would be comparable to the results from lattice QCD, and better than polarized deep-inelastic scattering experiments. Using supernova neutrinos provides a true $Q^2\to 0$ measurement, and thus an axial-mass independent determination of $\Delta s$.

    hep-ph6 citations
28. 28*

    Constraints on the Doublet Left-Right Symmetric Model from Higgs data

    Siddhartha Karmakar🇮🇳 · Jai More🇮🇳 · Akhila Kumar Pradhan🇮🇳 · S. Uma Sankar🇮🇳

    We study the constraints on the doublet left-right symmetric model (DLRSM) arising due to the Higgs data. The $SU(2{)}_L$ symmetry of this model is broken by three vacuum expectation values, ${\kappa }_1$, ${\kappa }_2$, and $v_L$. Most studies of this model assume that the ratios $r={\kappa }_2/{\kappa }_1$ and $w=v_L/{\kappa }_1$ are very small. In this work, we study the constraints imposed on $r$ and $w$ by the Higgs data from LHC. We consider the most general scalar potential and calculate the masses of the CP-even scalars and the couplings of the lightest of these scalars to itself, to $W$ and $Z$ gauge bosons, and to the third generation quarks. We find that there is no lower bound on either $r$ or $w$. Equating the mass of the lightest CP-even scalar to $125$ GeV leads to an upper limit $w<6.7$. The requirement that the Yukawa coupling of the quarks to the Higgs bidoublet of the model should be perturbative yields the upper bounds $r<0.8$ and $w<3.5$. The Yukawa coupling of the bottom quark to the lightest CP-even scalar strongly disfavours value of $r,w<0.1$ and shows a marked preference for values of $w\sim \mathcal{O}(1)$.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·8 citations
29. 29*

    The parton-level structure of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ to 2 jets at N${}^3$LO

    Petr Jakubčík🇨🇭 · Matteo Marcoli🇨🇭 · Giovanni Stagnitto🇨🇭

    We investigate the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections to hadronic final states in electron-positron collisions at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$ in the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$. Namely, we analytically compute the total cross section for this process by separately integrating the tree-level five-parton, the one-loop four-parton, the two-loop three-parton, and the three-loop two-parton matrix elements over the respective phase space. All the contributions to the calculation are treated in a common framework whereby phase space integrals are expressed as physical cuts of the four-loop two-point function. We check the cancellation of infrared poles at all colour levels and we reproduce the known result for the $R$-ratio at order ${\alpha }_s^3$.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·21 citations
30. 30*

    Can the three new states around 2.2 GeV assign to $\omega (3D)$

    Ya-rong Wang🇨🇳 · Yang Ma🇨🇳 · Cheng-qun Pang🇨🇳

    Recently, the BESIII Collaboration reported three resonances: $X(2232)$ with $M=2232\pm 19\pm 27$ MeV and $\Gamma =93\pm 53\pm 20$ MeV, $X(2200)$ whose mass $M=2200\pm 11\pm 17$ MeV and width $\Gamma =74\pm 20\pm 24$ MeV as well as $X(2222)$ which has mass of $2222\pm 7\pm 2$ MeV and the width of $59\pm 30\pm 6$ MeV. The mass spectrum of $\omega$ meson family is studied utilizing the modified Godfrey-Isgur model, and the two-body strong decays of $X(2232)$, $X(2200)$ and $X(2222)$ within two different approaches of the ${}^3{P}_0$ model. We find that the newly discovered states $X(2232)$, $X(2200)$ and $X(2222)$ may be the same and are most likely to be the $\omega (3D)$ state. The discovery could be useful in establishing entire $\omega$ mesons.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·7 citations
31. 31*

    Joint Statistics of Cosmological Constant and SUSY Breaking in Flux Vacua with Nilpotent Goldstino

    Michele Cicoli🇮🇹 · Matteo Licheri🇮🇹 · Anshuman Maharana🇮🇳 · Kajal Singh🇮🇳 · Kuver Sinha🇺🇸

    We obtain the joint distribution of the gravitino mass and the cosmological constant in KKLT and LVS models with anti-D3 brane uplifting described via the nilpotent goldstino formalism. Moduli stabilisation (of both complex structure and Kaehler moduli) is incorporated so that we sample only over points corresponding to vacua. Our key inputs are the distributions of the flux superpotential, the string coupling and the hierarchies of warped throats. In the limit of zero cosmological constant, we find that both in KKLT and LVS the distributions are tilted favourably towards lower scales of supersymmetry breaking.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·7 citations
32. 32*

    Number of zero-modes on magnetized $T^4/Z_N$ orbifolds analyzed by modular transformation

    Shota Kikuchi🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵 · Shohei Takada🇯🇵 · Hikaru Uchida🇯🇵

    We study fermion zero-mode wavefunctions on $T^4/Z_N$ orbifold with background magnetic fluxes. The number of zero-modes is analyzed by use of $Sp(4,\mathbb{Z})$ modular transformation. Conditions needed to realize three generation models are clarified. We also study parity transformation in the compact space which leads to better understanding of relationship between positive and negative chirality wavefunctions.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·15 citations
33. 33*

    Casimir Tests of Scalar-Tensor Theories

    Philippe Brax🇫🇷 · Anne-Christine Davis🇬🇧 · Benjamin Elder🇺🇸

    We compute bounds and forecasts on screened modified gravity theories, specialising to the chameleon model in Casimir force experiments. In particular, we investigate the classical interaction between a plate and sphere subject to a screened interaction of the chameleon type. We compare numerical simulations of the field profile and the classical pressure exerted on the sphere to analytical approximations for these non-linear field theories. In particular, we focus on the proximity force approximation (PFA) and show that, within the range of sphere sizes $R$ and plate-sphere distance $D$ simulated numerically, the PFA does not reproduce the numerical results. This differs from the case of linear field theories such as Newtonian gravity and a Yukawa model where the PFA coincides with the exact results. We show that for chameleon theories, the screening factor approximation (SFA) whereby the sphere is modelled as a screened sphere embedded in the external field due to the plates, fares better and can be used in the regime $D\gtrsim R$ to extract constraints and forecasts from existing and forthcoming data. In particular, we forecast that future Casimir experiments would corroborate the closing of the parameter space for the simplest of chameleon models at the dark energy scale.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations
34. 34*

    Detection of the 4.4-MeV gamma rays from ${}^{16}$O($\nu ,{\nu }^{\prime }$)${}^{16}$O(12.97 $\mathrm{MeV},2^{-})$ with a water-Cherenkov detector in the supernova neutrino bursts

    Makoto Sakuda🇯🇵 · Toshio Suzuki🇯🇵 · Mandeep Singh Reen🇮🇳 · Ken'ichiro Nakazato🇯🇵 · Hideyuki Suzuki🇯🇵

    We first discuss and determine the isospin mixing of the two $2^{-}$ states (12.53 MeV and 12.97 MeV) of ${}^{16}$O nucleus using the inelastic electron scattering data. We then evaluate the cross section of 4.4-MeV $\gamma$ rays produced in the neutrino neutral-current (NC) reaction ${}^{16}$O($\nu ,{\nu }^{\prime }$)${}^{16}$O$(12.97\mathrm{MeV},2^{-}$) in a water Cherenkov detector at the low energy below 100 MeV. The detection of $\gamma$ rays for $E_{\gamma }>5$ MeV from the NC reaction ${}^{16}$O($\nu ,{\nu }^{\prime }$)${}^{16}$O$(E_x>16\mathrm{MeV},T=1$) with a water Cherenkov detector in the supernova neutrino bursts has been proposed and discussed by several authors previously. In this article, we discuss a new NC reaction channel from ${}^{16}$O(12.97 $\mathrm{MeV},2^{-}$) producing a 4.4-MeV $\gamma$ ray, the cross section of which is more robust and even larger at the low energy ($E_{\nu }<25$ MeV) than the NC cross section from ${}^{16}$O$(E_x>16\mathrm{MeV},T=1$). We also evaluate the number of such events induced by neutrinos from supernova explosion which can be observed by the Super-Kamiokande, a 32 kton water Cherenkov detector in the Earth.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPTEP(2023)·2 citations
35. 35*

    Perturbative approaches to quantum field theory in curved space-time

    Jesse Huhtala🇫🇮 · Nicola Lo Gullo🇫🇮 · Iiro Vilja🇫🇮

    Despite the large amount of work done in quantum field theory in curved space-times, there are not great many results available for perturbative calculations of particle processes in these systems. Such processes are expected to be important in the early stages of the universe, as well as near highly relativistic objects like black holes and, recently, in effective field theories of condensed matter systems. The difficulties with carrying out perturbative calculations in curved space-times are related to the practical difficulty of quantizing in curved space-times. This suggests the need for investigating new approximations and comparing the results of different methods of carrying out the calculations. In this paper, we compare different perturbative approaches to particle scattering problems and illustrate them with examples. In particular, we look at a 1+1 dimensional static spacetime. We also examine the spacetime particle generation in a 1+1 Robertson-Walker universe, where we find that the curved space LSZ formula yields new information compared to the in-in formalism.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-th0 citations
36. 36*

    Effective field theory in light of relative entropy

    Qing-Hong Cao🇨🇳 · Naoto Kan🇯🇵 · Daiki Ueda🇨🇳

    We study constraints on the effective field theory (EFT) from the relative entropy between two theories: we refer to these as target and reference theories. The consequence of the non-negativity of the relative entropy is investigated by choosing some reference theories for a given target theory involving field theories, quantum mechanical models, etc. It is found that the constraints on EFTs, e.g., the single massless scalar field with the dimension-eight operator, and SMEFT dimension-eight $SU(N)$ gauge bosonic operators, are consistent with the positivity bounds from the unitarity and causality when the higher-derivative operators are generated by the interaction between heavy and light fields. The constraints on Einstein-Maxwell theory with higher-derivative operators from the non-negativity of relative entropy are also investigated. The constraints on such EFTs from the relative entropy hold under an assumption that perturbative corrections from the interaction involving higher-derivative operators of light fields are not dominant in the EFTs. The consequence of this study on the weak gravity conjecture and the second law of thermodynamics is also discussed.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·10 citations
37. 37*

    Gamma-ray flux limits from brown dwarfs: Implications for dark matter annihilating into long-lived mediators

    Pooja Bhattacharjee🇫🇷 · Francesca Calore🇫🇷 · Pasquale Dario Serpico🇫🇷

    Brown dwarfs (BDs) are celestial objects representing the link between the least massive main-sequence stars and giant gas planets. In the first part of this article, we perform a model-independent search of a gamma-ray signal from the direction of nine nearby BDs in 13 years of \Fermi-LAT data. We find no significant excess of gamma rays, and we, therefore, set 95\% confidence level upper limits on the gamma-ray flux with a binned-likelihood approach. In the second part of the paper, we interpret these bounds within an exotic mechanism proposed for gamma-ray production in BDs: If the dark matter (DM) of the universe is constituted of particles with non-negligible couplings to the standard model, BDs may efficiently accumulate them through scatterings. DM particles eventually thermalise, and can annihilate into light, long-lived, mediators which later decay into photons outside the BD. Within this framework, the current Fermi-LAT stacked upper limits on the gamma-ray flux of the selected BDs do not enable setting a bound on the DM-nucleon cross-section. An improvement of approximately a factor of 9 in the gamma-ray limits is required to obtain bounds on the scattering cross-section ${\sigma }_{\chi n}$ $\sim 10^{-36}$ cm${}^2$ for DM masses below 10 GeV. This improvement would cover a larger portion of the parameter space in mediator decay length and DM mass. The code and data to reproduce the results of this study are available on GitLab at \github{https://gitlab.in2p3.fr/francesca.calore/brown-dwarfs-gamma}.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR+1PRD(2023)·18 citations
38. 38*

    On torque reversal during delayed spin up glitch of SGR 1935+2154

    Wei-Hua Wang · Ming-Yu Ge🇨🇳 · Xi Huang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Ping Zheng🇨🇳

    Ge et al. reported a peculiar large glitch observed from SGR 1935 recently~\citep{2022arXiv221103246G}. % Interestingly, this glitch occurred about $3.1\pm 2.5\mathrm{days}$ before FRB 200428, accompanied by a delayed spin up (DSU) process with a timescale of $8\pm 1\mathrm{days}$. % This DSU is the first one detected from magnetars unambiguously, previously, DSU has only been detected from large glitches of the young Crab pulsar. % Strikingly, this DSU even resulted in torque reversal, i.e., the spin down state of SGR 1935 was turned into a spin up one within $8\pm 1\mathrm{days}$, the first case observed from isolated neutron stars as far as we know. % What's more, the average positive torque is consistent in value and order of magnitude with those deduced from DSUs observed from the Crab pulsar. % The coincidences of DSU appearance and consistent positive torque in the Crab pulsar and SGR 1935 suggest that, these DSUs have the same physical origin and should be analyzed simultaneously. % Joint analysis on DSUs from the Crab pulsar and SGR 1935 suggests a physical origin independent of (at least not directly dependent on) rotational parameters. % If this new DSU and torque reversal phenomena be further confirmed and accretion be excluded convincingly, nearly all models regarding DSU phenomenon under the framework of vortex motion should be reconsidered, new physics will be required. % We stress that, joint analysis on DSUs from different pulsars with different rotational parameters may provide pivotal clue to reveal their physical origin, even neutron star equation of state and the triggering mechanism(s) of (galactic) fast radio bursts ultimately.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-ph1 citation
39. 39*

    Viscosity of pure-glue QCD from the lattice

    Luis Altenkort🇩🇪 · Alexander M. Eller🇩🇪 · Anthony Francis🇹🇼 · Olaf Kaczmarek🇩🇪 · Lukas Mazur🇩🇪 · Guy D. Moore🇩🇪 · Hai-Tao Shu🇩🇪

    We calculate shear viscosity and bulk viscosity in SU(3) gauge theory on the lattice at $1.5T_c$. The viscosities are extracted via a Kubo formula from the reconstructed spectral function which we determine from the Euclidean-time dependence of the corresponding channel of the energy-momentum tensor correlators. We obtain unprecedented precision for the correlators by applying gradient flow and blocking methods. The correlators are extrapolated to the continuum and then to zero flow time. To extract the viscosities we fit theoretically inspired models to the lattice data and crosscheck the fit results using the Backus Gilbert method. The final estimates for shear and bulk viscosity are $\eta /s=0.15-0.48$ and $\zeta /s=0.017-0.059$.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·43 citations
40. 40*

    i-SPin: An integrator for multicomponent Schrödinger-Poisson systems with self-interactions

    Mudit Jain🇺🇸 · Mustafa A. Amin🇺🇸

    We provide an algorithm and a publicly available code to numerically evolve multicomponent Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) systems with a SO($n$) symmetry, including attractive or repulsive self-interactions in addition to gravity. Focusing on the case where the SP system represents the non-relativistic limit of a massive vector field, non-gravitational self-interactions (in particular spin-spin interactions) introduce complexities related to mass and spin conservation which are not present in purely gravitational systems. We address them with an analytical solution for the `kick' step in the algorithm, where we are able to decouple the multicomponent system completely. Equipped with this analytical solution, the full field evolution is second order accurate, preserves spin and mass to machine precision, and is reversible. Our algorithm allows for an expanding universe relevant for cosmology, and the inclusion of external potentials relevant for laboratory settings.

    ↳ astro-ph.COcond-mat.quant-gashep-phphysics.comp-phJCAP(2023)·22 citations
41. 41*

    Towards an electrostatic storage ring for fundamental physics measurements

    Chiara Brandenstein🇩🇪 · Stefan Stelzl🇩🇪 · Erwin Gutsmiedl🇩🇪 · Wolfgang Schott🇩🇪 · Andreas Weiler🇩🇪 · Peter Fierlinger🇩🇪

    We describe a new table-top electrostatic storage ring concept for $30$ keV polarized ions at frozen spin condition. The device will ultimately be capable of measuring magnetic fields with a resolution of 10${}^{-21}$ T with sub-mHz bandwidth. With the possibility to store different kinds of ions or ionic molecules and access to prepare and probe states of the systems using lasers and SQUIDs, it can be used to search for electric dipole moments (EDMs) of electrons and nucleons, as well as axion-like particle dark matter and dark photon dark matter. Its sensitivity potential stems from several hours of storage time, comparably long spin coherence times, and the possibility to trap up to 10${}^9$ particles in bunches with possibly different state preparations for differential measurements. As a dark matter experiment, it is most sensitive in the mass range of 10${}^{-10}$ to 10${}^{-19}$ eV, where it can potentially probe couplings orders of magnitude below current and proposed laboratory experiments.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-phphysics.atom-phEPJ Web Conf.(2023)·16 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.