Tue·Oct 18, 2022Tuesday·October 18, 2022

1. 01*

   Intermittency analysis of charged particles generated in Xe-Xe~collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.44 TeV using the AMPT model

   Zarina Banoo🇮🇳 · Ramni Gupta🇮🇳

   The multiplicity fluctuations are sensitive to QCD phase transition and to the presence of critical point in QCD phase diagram. At critical point a system undergoing phase transition is characterized by large fluctuations in the observables which is an important tool to understand the dynamics of particle production in heavy-ion interactions and phase changes. Multiplicity fluctuations of produced particles is an important observable to characterize the evolving system. Using scaling exponent obtained from the normalized factorial moments of the number of charged hadrons in the two dimensional ($\eta ,\varphi$) phase space, one can learn about the dynamics of system created in these collisions. Events generated using Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.44$ TeV with string-melting (SM) version of the AMPT model are analyzed and the scaling exponent $(\nu )$ for various $p_T$ intervals is determined. It is observed that the calculated value of $\nu$ is larger than the universal value 1.304, as is obtained from Ginzburg-Landau theory for second order phase transition. Here we will also present the results of the dependence of the scaling exponent on the transverse momentum bin width.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·1 citation
2. 02*

   Molecular tetraquarks and pentaquarks in chiral effective field theory

   Bo Wang🇨🇳 · Lu Meng🇩🇪 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

   We studied the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }/\bar{D}{D}^{\ast }$, $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, ${\bar{D}}_s{D}^{\ast }/{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }D$, $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }/\bar{B}{B}^{\ast }$ and $B^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ di-hadron interactions in chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT) up to the next-to-leading (NLO) order. The above-threshold tetraquark states $Z_c(3900)$, $Z_c(4020)$, $Z_{cs}(3985)$, $Z_b(10610)$, $Z_b(10650)$ can be explained as the corresponding di-hadron resonances, respectively. We also studied the ${\Sigma }_c^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ interactions to investigate the three hidden-charm pentaquarks $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$. We further used the parameters fixed from the $P_c$ states to predict the possible molecular states in ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$, ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ and ${\Xi }_c^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ systems. Our predictions of the ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ bound states are very consistent with two new near-threshold structures recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration.

   hep-phNucl.Part.Phys.Proc.(2023)·5 citations
3. 03*

   A journey into the proton structure: Progresses and challenges

   Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇮🇹

   Unraveling the inner dynamics of gluons and quarks inside nucleons is a primary target of studies at new-generation colliding machines. Finding an answer to fundamental problems of Quantum ChromoDynamics, such as the origin of nucleon mass and spin, strongly depends on our ability of reconstructing the 3D motion of partons inside the parent hadrons. We present progresses and challenges in the extraction of TMD parton densities, with particular attention to the ones describing polarization states of gluons, which still represent an largely unexplored field. Then, we highlight connections with corresponding parton densities in the high-energy limit, the so-called unintegrated gluon distributions or UGDs and, more in general, to recent developments in high-energy physics.

   hep-phnucl-thUniverse(2022)·23 citations
4. 04*

   Dispersive $\pi \pi \to K\bar{K}$ amplitude and giant CP violation in B to three light-meson decays at LHCb

   R. Alvarez Garrote (1)🇪🇸 · J. Cuervo (2)🇪🇸 · P. C. Magalhães (2)🇪🇸 · J. R. Peláez (2). ((1). CIEMAT, Madrid, (2) U. Complutense and IPARCOS, Madrid, SPAIN)🇪🇸

   The LHCb collaboration has recently reported the largest CP violation effect from a single amplitude, as well as other giant CP asymmetries in several $B$-meson decays into three charmless light mesons. It is also claimed that this is predominantly due to $\pi \pi \to K\bar{K}$ rescattering in the final state, particularly in the 1 to 1.5 GeV region. In these analyses the $\pi \pi \to K\bar{K}$ amplitude is by default estimated from the $\pi \pi$ elastic scattering amplitude and does not describe the existing $\pi \pi \to K\bar{K}$ scattering data. Here we show how the recent model-independent dispersive analysis of $\pi \pi \to K\bar{K}$ data can be easily implemented in the LHCb formalism. This leads to a more accurate description of the asymmetry, while being consistent with the measured scattering amplitude and confirming the prominent role of hadronic final state interactions, paving the way for more elaborated analyses.

   hep-phhep-exPRL(2023)·17 citations
5. 05*

   Heating up Peccei-Quinn scale

   Sabir Ramazanov🇨🇿 · Rome Samanta🇨🇿

   We discuss production of QCD axion dark matter in a novel scenario, which assumes time-varying scale of Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking. The latter decreases as the Universe's temperature at early times and eventually stabilises at a large constant value. Such behavior is caused by the portal interaction between the complex field carrying Peccei-Quinn charge and a Higgs-like scalar, which is in thermal equilibrium with primordial plasma. In this scenario, axions are efficiently produced during the parametric resonance decay of the complex Peccei-Quinn field, relaxing to the minimum of its potential in the radiation-dominated stage. Notably, this process is not affected by the Universe's expansion rate and allows to generate the required abundance of dark matter independently of an axion mass. Phenomenological constraints on the model parameter space depend on the number density of radial field fluctuations, which are also generically excited along with axions, and the rate of their thermalization in the primordial plasma. For the ratio of radial field and axion particles number densities larger than $\sim 0.01$ at the end of parametric resonance decay, the combination of cosmological and astrophysical observations with the CAST limit confines the Peccei-Quinn scale to a narrow range of values $\sim 10^8\text{mbox}GeV$, - this paves the way for ruling out our scenario with the near future searches for axions.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2023)·7 citations
6. 06*

   Mass-dependent transport of hadron species from soft to hard (nonjet to jet) spectrum components within small collision systems at the large hadron collider

   Thomas A. Trainor🇺🇸

   In previous analyses a two-component (soft+hard) model (TCM) was developed for identified-hadron (PID) spectra from 5 TeV $p$-Pb and 13 TeV $p$-$p$ collisions. Spectrum data are generally described within their statistical uncertainties. Within the model are coefficients $z_{si}(n_s)$ and $z_{hi}(n_s)$ that denote the fractions of hadron species $i$ within total soft ${\bar{\rho }}_s$ and hard ${\bar{\rho }}_h$ charge densities and that vary significantly with event index $n_s=\Delta \eta {\bar{\rho }}_s$. This letter reports that variation of those coefficients with $n_s$ implies transport of hadron species from soft component to hard component, increasingly with increased jet production, while conserving the total particle number for each species that is predicted by a statistical model. The extent of transport is simply proportional to hadron mass.

   hep-ph4 citations
7. 07*

   Neutrino Oscillation Caused by Local Symmetry Broken

   Xiao-Yan Wang🇨🇳 · Xiang-Jun Chen🇨🇳

   Neutrino flavor conversion is assumed to be induced by right-handed neutrino flavor conversion via seesaw mechanism. Neutrino oscillation is the macroscopic phenomenon before all neutrino flavor-flip interactions reaching equilibrium. The model for the hypothesis is the extension by introducing large mass Majorana right-handed neutrino into the Standard Model and exerting horizontal symmetry only on the right-handed neutrino sector.

   hep-ph0 citations
8. 08*

   Contributions to the nucleon form factors from bubble and tadpole diagrams

   Z. Y. Gao🇨🇳 · P. Wang🇨🇳 · M. Y. Yang🇨🇳

   The nonlocal chiral effective theory is applied to investigate the electromagnetic and strange form factors of nucleon. The bubble and tadpole diagrams are included in the calculation. With the contributions from bubble and tadpole diagrams, the obtained electromagnetic form factors are close to the results without these contributions as long as the low energy constants $c_1$ and $c_2$ are properly chosen, while the magnitudes of strange form factors become larger. Both the electromagnetic and strange form factors are still in good agreement with the experimental data.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·2 citations
9. 09*

   Analysis of CKM-Favored Quasi-Two-Body $B\to D(R\to )K\pi$ Decays in PQCD Approach

   Zhi-Tian Zou🇨🇳 · Wen-Sheng Fang🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Ying Li🇨🇳

   LHCb Collaboration studied the resonant structure of $B_s\to {\overline{D}}^0{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decays using the Dalitz plot analysis technique, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision. The $K^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ components have been analyzed in the amplitude model, where the decay amplitude is modeled to be the resonant contributions with respect to the intermediate resonances $K^{\ast }(892)$, $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ and $K_2^{\ast }(1430)$. Motivated by the experimental results, we investigate the color-favored quasi-two-body $B\to {\overline{D}}^{0}K\pi$ decays in the framework of the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach. We calculate the the branching fractions by introducing the appropriate wave functions of $K\pi$ pair. Our results are in agreement well the available data, and others can be tested in LHCb and Belle-II experiments. Using the narrow-width-approximation, we also extract the branching fractions of the corresponding two-body $B\to \overline{D}R$ decays, which agree to the previous theoretical calculations and the experimental data within the errors. There are no $CP$ asymmetries in these decays in the standard model, because these decays are all governed by only the tree operators.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Transverse momentum spectra and suppression of charged hadrons in deformed Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV using HYDJET++ model

    Saraswati Pandey🇮🇳 · B. K. Singh🇮🇳

    In this study, we systematically investigate deformed Xe-Xe collisions at 5.44 TeV center of mass energy. We exploit the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model to compute transverse momentum ($p_T$) distribution, nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ and relative suppression in terms of $R_{CP}$ as a function of transverse momentum and centrality of collision of charged hadrons in body-body and tip-tip geometrical configurations, respectively. We have compared HYDJET++ model results to those from ALICE experimental data and AMPT model (String-Melting version) results. Minimum bias Xe-Xe collisions show a suitable match with ALICE experimental data at midrapidity. Average transverse momentum ($⟨p_T⟩$) show strong centrality dependence. The contribution of hard parton scatterings to the total charged hadron yield is discussed. Both nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ and relative suppression $R_{CP}$ show a clear dependence on centrality as well as transverse momentum. The charged hadron observables show a clear dependence on the geometrical configuration of the collisions. HYDJET++ model justifies experimental data more closely than the AMPT model.

    hep-phEPJA(2023)·3 citations
11. 11*

    Probing gluon TMDs with reconstructed and tagged heavy flavor hadron pairs at EIC

    Xin Dong🇺🇸 · Yuanjing Ji🇺🇸 · Matthew Kelsey🇺🇸 · Sooraj Radhakrishnan🇺🇸 · Ernst Sichtermann🇺🇸 · Yuxiang Zhao🇨🇳

    Study of the transverse structure of the proton is one of the major physics goals of the upcoming Electron Ion Collider (EIC). The gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMD) form an essential focus of this effort and are important towards understanding the angular momentum contribution to proton spin as well as QCD factorization. However, very limited experimental constraints on the gluon TMD exist currently. As the heavy quark production in lepton-nucleon DIS gets a dominant contribution from the photon-gluon-fusion process, heavy quark production makes an attractive tool to probe gluon distributions in nucleons. In this paper we present a study of heavy flavor hadron pair reconstruction at a future EIC detector with MAPS based inner tracking and vertexing subsystems to constrain gluon TMD. We utilize the excellent track pointing resolution provided by the detector to exclusively reconstruct heavy flavor hadron pairs via their hadronic decay channels and also to develop a heavy flavor hadron tagging algorithm. Statistical uncertainty projections on azimuthal asymmetries corresponding to gluon TMD at the EIC is evaluated. The heavy flavor tagging is found to substantially enhance the purity of heavy flavor hadron pair selection, and the statistical precision of the measurement compared to that from exclusive reconstruction. The correlation between the azimuthal angle of the transverse momentum of the gluon initiating the process and that of the corresponding heavy flavor hadron pair was also studied and found to be well correlated. This study opens up heavy flavor hadron pair measurements as an attractive channel to access gluon TMD at the EIC.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thphysics.ins-detPRD(2023)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Dark Matter from Non-Abelian Gauge Symmetry

    Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Takashi Shimomura🇯🇵 · Koji Tsumura🇯🇵 · Yoshiki Uchida🇯🇵 · Naoki Yamatsu🇹🇼

    We propose a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) dark matter (DM) model based on an additional non-Abelian gauge symmetry $SU(2{)}_D$. The gauge symmetry $SU(2{)}_D$ is spontaneously broken to a global custodial symmetry $U(1{)}_V$ via the nonvanishing vacuum expectation values of $SU(2{)}_D$ doublet and triplet scalar fields. Due to the exact global symmetry $U(1{)}_V$, the lightest $U(1{)}_V$ charged particle becomes stable. We assume that the lightest charged particle in the model is the charged complex pNGB, which we regard as DM. It avoids the strong constraints from current DM direct detection experiments due to the property of NGB. We find that the measured energy density of DM can be reproduced when the DM mass is larger than the half of the Higgs mass, where the lower limit generally comes from the constraint of DM invisible decay and the upper limit from DM direct detection experiments depends on the model parameters.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·14 citations
13. 13*

    Status of the singlino-dominated dark matter in general Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model

    Junjie Cao🇨🇳 · Xinglong Jia🇨🇳 · Lei Meng🇨🇳 · Yuanfang Yue🇨🇳 · Di Zhang🇨🇳

    With the rapid progress of dark matter direct detection experiments, the attractiveness of the popular bino-dominated dark matter in economical supersymmetric theories is fading. As an alternative, the singlino-dominated dark matter in general Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) is paying due attention. This scenario has the following distinct characteristics: free from the tadpole problem and the domain-wall problem of the NMSSM with a $Z_3$-symmetry, predicting more stable vacuum states than the $Z_3$-NMSSM, capable of forming an economical secluded dark matter sector to yield the dark matter experimental results naturally, and readily weaken the restrictions from the LHC search for SUSY. Consequently, it can explain the muon g-2 anomaly in broad parameter space that agrees with various experimental results while simultaneously breaking the electroweak symmetry naturally. In this study, we show in detail how the scenario coincides with the experiments, such as the SUSY search at the LHC, the dark matter search by the LZ experiment, and the improved measurement of the muon g-2. We provide a simple and clear picture of the physics inherent in the general NMSSM.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·21 citations
14. 14*

    Searching for scalar field dark matter with hyperfine transitions in alkali atoms

    V.V. Flambaum🇦🇺 · A.J. Mansour🇦🇺 · I.B. Samsonov🇦🇺 · C. Weitenberg🇩🇪

    Fundamental constants such as masses and coupling constants of elementary particles can have small temporal and spatial variations in the scalar field dark matter model. These variations entail time oscillations of other constants, such as the Bohr and nuclear magnetons, Bohr radius and the hyperfine structure constant. In the presence of an external magnetic field, these oscillations induce hyperfine transitions in atoms and molecules. We determine the probability of magnetic dipole hyperfine transitions, caused by the oscillating fundamental constants, and propose an experiment that could detect the scalar field dark matter through this effect. This experiment may be sensitive to the scalar field and axion dark matter with mass in the range $1\mu \text{eV}<m<100\mu \text{eV}$.

    hep-phastro-ph.COphysics.atom-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
15. 15*

    Electroweak axion in light of GRB221009A

    Weikang Lin🇨🇳 · Tsutomu T. Yanagida🇨🇳

    Recently, arXiv:2210.05659 shows that a photon-axion like particle (ALP) oscillation can boost the survival rate of the high energy photons associated with the observed GRB221009A event. Here, we show that the proposed ALP is consistent with the electroweak axion with an anomaly free $Z_{10}$ Froggatt-Nielsen symmetry.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEChin.Phys.Lett.(2023)·30 citations
16. 16*

    Hidden bottom pentaquark in the SU(5) version of the flavor-spin model

    Fl. Stancu🇧🇪

    We generalize to five distinct flavors the flavor-spin hyperfine interaction introduced previously for four flavors and used in the study of $uudc\overline{c}$ pentaquark. As a particular case here we study the lowest states of the pentaquark $uudb\overline{b}$, of either positive or negative parity, in a constituent quark model with linear confinement and the presently extended hyperfine interaction. The positive parity states have one unit of angular momentum located in the subsystem of four quarks and are described by translationally invariant states of orbital permutation symmetry $[31{]}_O$ which requires the configuration $s^{3}p$. The negative parity states are described by the configuration $s^4$ of permutation symmetry $[4{]}_O$. We show that the lowest state has the quantum numbers $J^P$ = $1/2^{+}$ or $3/2^{+}$ and I = $1/2$ and is located below the ${\Sigma }_{b}B$ threshold by - 132 MeV. We present a comparison between the spectra of $uudc\overline{c}$ and $uudb\overline{b}$ pentaquarks.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thFew Body Syst.(2023)·2 citations
17. 17*

    Far-forward production of charm mesons and neutrinos at Forward Physics Facilities at the LHC and the intrinsic charm in the proton

    Rafal Maciula🇵🇱 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

    We discuss production of far-forward $D$ mesons/antimesons and neutrinos/antineutrinos from their semileptonic decays in pp-collisions at the LHC. We include the gluon-gluon fusion $gg\to c\bar{c}$, the intrinsic charm (IC) $gc\to gc$ as well as the recombination $gq\to Dc$ partonic mechanisms. The calculations are performed within the $k_T$-factorization approach and the hybrid model using different unintegrated parton distribution functions (uPDFs) for gluons from the literature, as well as within the collinear approach. We compare our results to the LHCb data for forward $D^0$-meson production at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV for different rapidity bins in the interval $2<y<4.5$. The IC and recombination models are negligible at the LHCb kinematics. Both the mechanisms start to be crucial at larger rapidities and dominate over the standard charm production mechanisms. At high energies there are so far no experiments probing this region. We present also energy distributions for forward electron, muon and tau neutrinos to be measured at the LHC by the currently operating FASER$\nu$ experiment, as well as by future experiments like FASER$\nu 2$ or FLArE, proposed very recently by the Forward Physics Facility project. Again components of different mechanisms are shown separately. For all kinds of neutrinos (electron, muon, tau) the subleading contributions, i.e. the IC and/or the recombination, dominate over light meson (pion, kaon) and the standard charm production contribution driven by fusion of gluons for neutrino energies $E_{\nu }\gtrsim 300$ GeV. For electron and muon neutrinos both the mechanisms lead to a similar production rates and their separation seems rather impossible. On the other hand, for ${\nu }_{\tau }+{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ neutrino flux the recombination is further reduced making the measurement of the IC contribution very attractive.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·42 citations
18. 18*

    Pion dynamics in a soft-wall AdS-QCD model

    Xuanmin Cao🇨🇳 · Matteo Baggioli🇨🇳 · Hui Liu🇨🇳 · Danning Li🇨🇳

    Pseudo-Goldstone modes appear in many physical systems and display robust universal features. First, their mass $m$ obeys the so-called Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner (GMOR) relation $f^2{m}^2=H\bar{\sigma }$, with $f$ the Goldstone stiffness, $H$ the explicit breaking scale and $\bar{\sigma }$ the spontaneous condensate. More recently, it has been shown that their damping $\Omega$ is constrained to follow the relation $\Omega =m^2{D}_{\phi }$, where $D_{\phi }$ is the Goldstone diffusivity in the purely spontaneous phase. Pions are the most paradigmatic example of pseudo-Goldstone modes and they are related to chiral symmetry breaking in QCD. In this work, we consider a bottom-up soft-wall AdS-QCD model with broken $\mathrm{SU}(2{)}_L\times \mathrm{SU}(2{)}_R$ symmetry and we study the nature of the associated pseudo-Goldstone modes -- the pions. In particular, we perform a detailed investigation of their dispersion relation in presence of dissipation, of the role of the explicit breaking induced by the quark masses and of the dynamics near the critical point. Taking advantage of the microscopic information provided by the holographic model, we give quantitative predictions for all the coefficients appearing in the effective description. In particular, we estimate the finite temperature behavior of the kinetic parameter ${\mathfrak{r}}^2$ defined as the ration between the Goldstone diffusivity $D_{\phi }$ and the pion attenuation constant $D_A$. Interestingly, we observe important deviations from the value ${\mathfrak{r}}^2=3/4$ computed in chiral perturbation theory in the limit of zero temperature.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2022)·27 citations
19. 19*

    Effect of Matter Density in T2HK and DUNE

    Monojit Ghosh🇭🇷 · Osamu Yasuda🇯🇵

    CP phase determination for the near future long baseline experiments, T2HK and DUNE, will require precise measurements of the oscillation probabilities. However, the uncertainty in the Earth's density must be considered in determining these oscillation probabilities. Therefore, in this study, we update the individual sensitivities of these experiments for determining the current unknowns in the standard three flavor scenario considering the latest configuration and also the complementarity between them while considering the uncertainty in the density. Our study showed that this uncertainty has a non-negligible impact on the precision of the CP phase determination particularly for DUNE.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2023)·3 citations
20. 20*

    Amplitude and colour evolution

    Simon Plätzer🇦🇹

    Colour evolution and parton branching at the amplitude level have become important theoretical frameworks to improve parton showers, and are algorithms in their own right: they complement shower development by resummation algorithms capable of including interference effects and subleading colour contributions at an unprecedented level. I summarize recent development in the field, focusing on soft gluon evolution, hadronization, and the CVolver framework.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·2 citations
21. 21*

    Dirac sea effects on Heavy Quarkonia decay widths in magnetized matter -- a field theoretic model of composite hadrons

    Amruta Mishra🇮🇳 · S. P. Misra🇮🇳

    We study the partial decay widths of charmonium (bottomonium) states to $\mathrm{D}\bar{\mathrm{D}}(\mathrm{B}\bar{\mathrm{B}})$ mesons in magnetized (nuclear) matter using a field theoretical model of composite hadrons with quark (and antiquark) constituents. These are computed from the mass modifications of the decaying and produced mesons within a chiral effective model, including the nucleon Dirac sea effects. The mass modifications of the open charm (bottom) mesons are calculated from their interactions with the nucleons and the scalar mesons, whereas the mass shift of the heavy quarkonium state is obtained from the medium change of a scalar dilaton field, $\chi$, which mimics the gluon condensates of QCD. The Dirac sea contributions are observed to lead to a rise (drop) in the quark condensates as the magnetic field is increased, an effect called the (inverse) magnetic catalysis. These effects are observed to be significant and the anomalous magnetic moments (AMMs) of the nucleons are observed to play an important role. For ${\rho }_B$=0, there is observed to be magnetic catalysis (MC) without and with AMMs, whereas, for ${\rho }_B={\rho }_0$, the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) is observed when the AMMs are taken into account, contrary to MC, when the AMMs are ignored. In the presence of a magnetic field, there are also mixings of spin 0 (pseudoscalar) and spin 1 (vector) states (PV mixing) which modify the masses of these mesons. The magnetic field effects on the heavy quarkonium decay widths should have observable consequences on the production the heavy flavour mesons, which are created in the early stage of ultra-relativistic peripheral heavy ion collisions, at RHIC and LHC, when the produced magnetic fields can still be extremely large.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·9 citations
22. 22*

    Collision-induced flavor instability in dense neutrino gases with energy-dependent scattering

    Yu-Chia Lin🇺🇸 · Huaiyu Duan (UNM)🇺🇸

    We investigate the collision-induced flavor instability in homogeneous, isotropic, dense neutrino gases in the two-flavor mixing scenario with energy-dependent scattering. We uncover a simple expression of the growth rate of this instability in terms of the flavor-decohering collision rates and the electron lepton number distribution of the neutrino. This growth rate is common to the neutrinos and antineutrinos of different energies, and is independent of the mass-splitting and vacuum mixing angle of the neutrino, the matter density, and the neutrino density, although the initial amplitude of the unstable oscillation mode can be suppressed by a large matter density. Our results suggest that neutrinos are likely to experience collision-induced flavor conversions deep inside a core-collapse supernova even when both the fast and slow collective flavor oscillations are suppressed.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thPRD(2023)·55 citations
23. 23*

    Searching for New Physics in the Differential Decay Width of a Lambda_b Semi-leptonic Decay

    E. Di Salvo🇫🇷 · Z. J. Ajaltouni🇫🇷

    We propose to investigate the effects of new physics in the semi-leptonic sequential decay ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c(\to \Lambda \pi )\tau {\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$. Firstly, we write the general, model independent, non-covariant expression of the differential decay width of the process. Then, we calculate that observable according to three different types of new physics interactions, which might explain the tension of data with the standard model predictions. We find that some coefficients of the differential decay width are sensitive to the kind of interaction that is assumed. The measurements that we suggest seem to be feasible.

    hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2022)·1 citation
24. 24*

    Projected transverse momentum resummation in top-antitop pair production at LHC

    Wan-Li Ju🇬🇧 · Marek Schönherr🇬🇧

    The transverse momentum distribution of the $t\bar{t}$ system is of both experimental and theoretical interest. In the presence of the azimuthally asymmetric divergences, pursuing the resummation at the high logarithmic precision is rather demanding in general. In this paper, we propose the projected transverse momentum spectrum $\mathrm{d}{\sigma }_{t\bar{t}}/\mathrm{d}{q}_{\tau }$, which is derived from the classical ${\vec{q}}_{\mathrm{T}}$ spectrum by integrating out the rejection component $q_{{\tau }_{\perp }}$ with respect to a reference unit vector $\vec{\tau }$, to serve as an alternative resolution to curb those asymmetric influences, in additional to the azimuthally averaged case $\mathrm{d}{\sigma }_{t\bar{t}}/\mathrm{d}|{\vec{q}}_{\mathrm{T}}|$. In the context of the effective field theories, SCET${}_{\mathrm{II}}$ and HQET, we will demonstrate that in spite of the $q_{{\tau }_{\perp }}$ integrations, the leading asymptotic terms of $\mathrm{d}{\sigma }_{t\bar{t}}/\mathrm{d}{q}_{\tau }$ still observe the factorization pattern in terms of the hard, beam, and soft functions in the vicinity of $q_{\tau }=0$~GeV. With the help of the renormalisation group equation techniques, we evaluate the resummed spectra $\mathrm{d}{\sigma }_{t\bar{t}}/\mathrm{d}{q}_{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{in}}$, $\mathrm{d}{\sigma }_{t\bar{t}}/\mathrm{d}{q}_{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{out}}$, and $\mathrm{d}{\sigma }_{t\bar{t}}/\mathrm{d}\Delta {\Phi }_{t\bar{t}}$ at NLL+NLO, NNLL+NNLO, and approximate NNLL'+NNLO accuracy. This is the first time the azimuthal spectrum $\Delta {\Phi }_{t\bar{t}}$ is appraised at or beyond the NNLL level including a consistent treatment of both beam collinear and soft radiation.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·22 citations
25. 25*

    Heavy Neutral Leptons at the Electron-Ion Collider

    Brian Batell🇺🇸 · Tathagata Ghosh🇮🇳 · Tao Han🇺🇸 · Keping Xie🇺🇸

    The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, along with its primary capacity to elucidate the nuclear structure, will offer new opportunities to probe physics beyond the Standard Model coupled to the electroweak sector. Among the best motivated examples of such new physics are new heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), which are likely to play a key role in neutrino mass generation and lepton number violation. We study the capability of the EIC to search for HNLs, which can be produced in electron-proton collisions through charged current interactions as a consequence of their mixing with light neutrinos. We find that, with the EIC design energy and integrated luminosity, one is able to probe HNLs in the mass range of 1 GeV$-100$ GeV with mixing angles down to the order of $10^{-4}-10^{-3}$ through the prompt decay, and $10^{-6}-10^{-4}$ via the displaced decay signatures. We also consider the invisible mode where an HNL is undetected or decaying to dark sector particles. One could potentially probe heavy HNLs for mixing angles in the window $10^{-3}-10^{-2}$, provided SM background systematics can be brought under control. These searches are complementary to other probes of HNLs, such as neutrino-less double-$\beta$ decay, meson decay, fixed-target, and high-energy collider experiments.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·24 citations
26. 26*

    Dark Matter prospects with COSI: ALPs, PBHs and sub-GeV Dark Matter

    Andrea Caputo🇮🇱 · Michela Negro🇺🇸 · Marco Regis🇮🇹 · Marco Taoso🇮🇹

    We study the prospects in the search of dark matter offered by the newly selected NASA MeV mission COSI (Compton Spectrometer and Imager). This instrument is designed and optimized to detect spectral lines, and we show it offers an exquisite possibility to detect dark matter directly decaying or annihilating into monochromatic gamma-rays. This is the case, for example, for axion-like particles (ALPs) which undergo decay into two photons. Furthermore, we show that COSI can lead to important progress in the quest for primordial black holes (PBHs) dark matter, through measurements of the 511 keV line from the positrons produced via Hawking evaporation. We also outline opportunities for the search of continuum signals, such as those expected from sub-GeV dark matter annihilation/decay into leptons and PBH evaporation into photons. We find that also in this case COSI can lead to improvements of current bounds.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAJCAP(2023)·37 citations
27. 27*

    Beautiful and Charming Energy Correlators

    Evan Craft🇺🇸 · Kyle Lee🇺🇸 · Bianka Meçaj🇺🇸 · Ian Moult🇺🇸

    Understanding the detailed structure of energy flow within jets, a field known as jet substructure, plays a central role in searches for new physics, and precision studies of QCD. Many applications of jet substructure require an understanding of jets initiated by heavy quarks, whose description has lagged behind remarkable recent progress for massless jets. In this Letter, we initiate a study of correlation functions of energy flow operators on beauty and charm jets to illuminate the effects of the intrinsic mass of the elementary particles of QCD. We present a factorization theorem incorporating the mass of heavy quarks, and show that the heavy quark jet functions for energy correlators have a simple structure in perturbation theory. Our results achieve the very first full next-to-leading-logarithmic calculation of the heavy quark jet substructure observable at the LHC. Using this framework, we study the behavior of the correlators, and show that they exhibit a clear transition from a massless scaling regime, at precisely the scale of the heavy quark mass. This manifests the long-sought-after dead-cone effect and illustrates fundamental effects from the intrinsic mass of beauty and charm quarks in a perturbative regime, before they are confined inside hadrons. Our theoretical framework for studying energy correlators using heavy jets has many exciting applications for improving the description of mass effects in next generation parton shower event generators, probing the QGP, and studying heavy flavor fragmentation functions.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2026)·100 citations
28. 28*

    Dark Matter Induced Power in Quantum Devices

    Anirban Das🇺🇸 · Noah Kurinsky🇺🇸 · Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸

    We point out that power measurements of single quasiparticle devices open a new avenue to detect dark matter (DM). The threshold of these devices is set by the Cooper pair binding energy, and is therefore so low that they can detect DM as light as about an MeV incoming from the Galactic halo, as well as the low-velocity thermalized DM component potentially present in the Earth. Using existing power measurements with these new devices, as well as power measurements with SuperCDMS-CPD, we set new constraints on the spin-independent DM scattering cross section for DM masses from about 10 MeV to 10 GeV. We outline future directions to improve sensitivity to both halo DM and a thermalized DM population in the Earth using power deposition in quantum devices.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPRL(2024)·47 citations
29. 29*

    Building blocks of the flavourful SMEFT RG

    Camila S. Machado🇩🇪 · Sophie Renner🇬🇧 · Dave Sutherland🇬🇧

    A powerful aspect of effective field theories is connecting scales through renormalisation group (RG) flow. The anomalous dimension matrix of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) encodes clues to where to find relics of heavy new physics in data, but its unwieldy 2499-by-2499 size (at operator dimension 6) makes it difficult to draw general conclusions. In this paper, we study the flavour structure of the SMEFT one loop anomalous dimension matrix of dimension 6 current-current operators, a 1460-by-1460 submatrix. We take an on-shell approach, laying bare simple patterns by factorising the entries of the matrix into their gauge, kinematic and flavour parts. We explore the properties of different diagram topologies, and make explicit the connection between the IR-finiteness of certain diagrams and their gauge and flavour structure. Through a completely general flavour decomposition of the Wilson coefficient matrices, we uncover new flavour selection rules, from which small subsystems emerge which mix almost exclusively amongst themselves. We show that, for example, if we neglect all Yukawa couplings except for that of the top quark, the selection rules produce block diagonalisation within the current-current operators in which the largest block is a 61-by-61 matrix. We provide all the ingredients of the calculations in comprehensive appendices, including SM and SMEFT helicity amplitudes, and explicit results for phase space integrals and gauge contractions. This deconstruction of the matrix, and its resulting block-diagonalisation, provides a first step to understanding the IR-relevant directions in the SMEFT parameter space, hence closing in on natural places for heavy new physics to make itself known.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·38 citations
30. 30*

    Asteroids for ultralight dark-photon dark-matter detection

    Michael A. Fedderke🇺🇸 · Anubhav Mathur🇺🇸

    Gravitational-wave (GW) detectors that monitor fluctuations in the separation between inertial test masses (TMs) are sensitive to new forces acting on those TMs. Ultralight dark-photon dark matter (DPDM) coupled to $U(1{)}_B$ or $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ charges supplies one such force that oscillates with a frequency set by the DPDM mass. GW detectors operating in different frequency bands are thus sensitive to different DPDM mass ranges. A recent GW detection proposal based on monitoring the separation of certain asteroids in the inner Solar System would have sensitivity to $\mu$Hz frequencies [arXiv:2112.11431]. In this paper, we show how that proposal would also enable access to new parameter space for DPDM coupled to $B$ [respectively, $B-L$] charges in the mass range $5[9]\times 10^{-21}\text{eV}\lesssim m_{\text{DM}}\lesssim 2\times 10^{-19}\text{eV}$, with peak sensitivities about a factor of 500 [50] beyond current best limits on ${\epsilon }_B$ [${\epsilon }_{B-L}$] at $m_{\text{DM}}\sim 2\times 10^{-19}\text{eV}$. Sensitivity could be extended up to $m_{\text{DM}}\sim 2\times 10^{-18}\text{eV}$ only if noise issues associated with asteroid rotational motion could be overcome.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·14 citations
31. 31*

    Perturbative running of the topological angles

    Alessandro Valenti🇮🇹 · Luca Vecchi🇮🇹

    We argue that in general renormalizable field theories the topological angles may develop an additive beta function starting no earlier than 2-loop order. The leading expression is uniquely determined by a single model-independent coefficient. The associated divergent diagrams are identified and a few independent methods for extracting the beta function in dimensional regularization are discussed. We show that the peculiar nature of the topological angles implies non-trivial constraints on the anomalous dimension of the CP-violating operators and discuss how a non-vanishing beta function affects the Weyl consistency conditions. Some phenomenological considerations are presented.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·13 citations
32. 32*

    Quantum entanglement and top spin correlations in SMEFT at higher orders

    Claudio Severi🇬🇧 · Eleni Vryonidou🇬🇧

    We present the first analysis of top spin polarizations, $t\bar{t}$ spin correlations, and $t\bar{t}$ spin entanglement at the LHC in the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, that goes beyond Leading Order QCD accuracy. The complete set of independent dimension-6 operators entering $t\bar{t}$ production is identified, and their effects on all top spin observables are extracted at linear and quadratic order in $c/{\Lambda }^2$. By comparing results at LO and NLO, we note that the inclusion of higher orders, while not dramatically changing the picture, often amounts to notable numerical differences, that are not fully captured by LO scale variation. We also find that the expected deviations from the SM have an intricate phase space structure, and show up predominantly at large top $p_T$. For this reason, we advocate for the measurement of spin observables differentially or doubly-differentially in the $t\bar{t}$ phase-space. We show how the inclusion of present and future top spin measurements will improve global fits to top LHC data, by also addressing the issue of flat directions.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·93 citations
33. 33*

    HiggsTools: BSM scalar phenomenology with new versions of HiggsBounds and HiggsSignals

    Henning Bahl🇺🇸 · Thomas Biekötter🇩🇪 · Sven Heinemeyer🇪🇸 · Cheng Li🇩🇪 · Steven Paasch🇩🇪 · Georg Weiglein🇩🇪 · Jonas Wittbrodt🇸🇪

    The codes HiggsBounds and HiggsSignals compare model predictions of BSM models with extended scalar sectors to searches for additional scalars and to measurements of the detected Higgs boson at 125 GeV. We present a unification and extension of the functionalities provided by both codes into the new HiggsTools framework. The codes have been re-written in modern C++ with native Python and Mathematica interfaces for easy interactive use. We discuss the user interface for providing model predictions, now part of the new sub-library HiggsPredictions, which also provides access to many cross sections and branching ratios for reference models such as the SM. HiggsBounds now implements experimental limits purely through json data files, can better handle clusters of BSM particles of similar masses (even for complicated search topologies), and features an improved handling of mass uncertainties. Moreover, it now contains an extended list of Higgs-boson pair production searches and doubly-charged Higgs boson searches. In HiggsSignals, the treatment of different types of measurements has been unified, both in the ${\chi }^2$ computation and in the data file format used to implement experimental results.

    hep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2023)·273 citations
34. 34*

    Minimal Nambu-Goldstone Higgs Model in Supersymmetric SU(5) Revisited

    Koichi Hamaguchi🇯🇵 · Shihwen Hor🇯🇵 · Natsumi Nagata🇯🇵

    We revisit the minimal Nambu-Goldstone (NG) Higgs supersymmetric (SUSY) SU(5) grand unified model and study its phenomenological implications. The Higgs sector of the model possesses a global SU(6) symmetry, which is spontaneously broken and results in the Higgs doublets of the minimal SUSY Standard Model (MSSM) as NG chiral superfields. Therefore, the model naturally leads to light Higgs doublets and solves the doublet-triplet splitting problem. Because of the SU(6) symmetry, the couplings of the Higgs sector are tightly restricted, and thus the model is more predictive than the minimal SUSY SU(5). We determine all the grand-unified-theory parameters via the matching conditions of the gauge coupling constants at the unification scale and calculate proton lifetime, confronting this with current experimental bounds. We discuss that this model is incompatible with the constrained MSSM, whilst it has a large viable parameter space in the high-scale SUSY scenario. The perturbativity condition on the trilinear coupling of the adjoint Higgs field imposes an upper (lower) limit on the wino (gluino) mass, implying a hierarchical mass pattern for these gauginos. Future proton-decay searches can probe a large part of the parameter space, especially if the SUSY-breaking scale is $\lesssim 100$~TeV.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
35. 35*

    Prospects for ${\gamma }^{\star }{\gamma }^{\star }\to \pi \pi$ via lattice QCD

    Raúl A. Briceño🇺🇸 · Andrew W. Jackura🇺🇸 · Arkaitz Rodas🇺🇸 · Juan V. Guerrero🇺🇸

    The ${\gamma }^{\star }{\gamma }^{\star }\to \pi \pi$ scattering amplitude plays a key role in a wide range of phenomena, including understanding the inner structure of scalar resonances as well as constraining the hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In this work, we explain how the infinite-volume Minkowski amplitude can be constrained from finite-volume Euclidean correlation functions. The relationship between the finite-volume Euclidean correlation functions and the desired amplitude holds up to energies where $3\pi$ states can go on shell, and is exact up to exponentially small corrections that scale like $\mathcal{O}(e^{-m_{\pi }L})$, where $L$ is the spatial extent of the cubic volume and $m_{\pi }$ is the pion mass. In order to implement this formalism and remove all power-law finite volume errors, it is necessary to first obtain $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi$, $\pi {\gamma }^{\star }\to \pi$, ${\gamma }^{\star }\to \pi \pi$, and $\pi \pi {\gamma }^{\star }\to \pi \pi$ amplitudes; all of which can be determined via lattice quantum chromodynamic calculations.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·8 citations
36. 36*

    Perturbation theory with dispersion and higher cumulants: framework and linear theory

    Mathias Garny🇩🇪 · Dominik Laxhuber🇩🇪 · Roman Scoccimarro🇺🇸

    The standard perturbation theory (SPT) approach to gravitational clustering is based on a fluid approximation of the underlying Vlasov-Poisson dynamics, taking only the zeroth and first cumulant of the phase-space distribution function into account (density and velocity fields). This assumption breaks down when dark matter particle orbits cross and leads to well-known problems, e.g. an anomalously large backreaction of small-scale modes onto larger scales that compromises predictivity. We extend SPT by incorporating second and higher cumulants generated by orbit crossing. For collisionless matter, their equations of motion are completely fixed by the Vlasov-Poisson system, and thus we refer to this approach as Vlasov Perturbation Theory (VPT). Even cumulants develop a background value, and they enter the hierarchy of coupled equations for the fluctuations. The background values are in turn sourced by power spectra of the fluctuations. The latter can be brought into a form that is formally analogous to SPT, but with an extended set of variables and linear as well as non-linear terms, that we derive explicitly. In this paper, we focus on linear solutions, which are far richer than in SPT, showing that modes that cross the dispersion scale set by the second cumulant are highly suppressed. We derive stability conditions on the background values of even cumulants from the requirement that exponential instabilities be absent. We also compute the expected magnitude of averaged higher cumulants for various halo models and show that they satisfy the stability conditions. Finally, we derive self-consistent solutions of perturbations and background values for a scaling universe and study the convergence of the cumulant expansion. The VPT framework provides a conceptually straightforward and deterministic extension of SPT that accounts for the decoupling of small-scale modes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·25 citations
37. 37*

    Perturbation theory with dispersion and higher cumulants: non-linear regime

    Mathias Garny🇩🇪 · Dominik Laxhuber🇩🇪 · Roman Scoccimarro🇺🇸

    We present non-linear solutions of Vlasov Perturbation Theory (VPT), describing gravitational clustering of collisionless dark matter with dispersion and higher cumulants induced by orbit crossing. We show that VPT can be cast into a form that is formally analogous to standard perturbation theory (SPT), but including additional perturbation variables, non-linear interactions, and a more complex propagation. VPT non-linear kernels have a crucial decoupling property: for fixed total momentum, the kernels becomes strongly suppressed when any of the individual momenta cross the dispersion scale into the non-linear regime. This screening of UV modes allows us to compute non-linear corrections to power spectra even for cosmologies with very blue power-law input spectra, for which SPT diverges. We compare predictions for the density and velocity divergence power spectra as well as the bispectrum at one-loop order to N-body results in a scaling universe with spectral indices $-1\le n_s\le +2$. We find a good agreement up to the non-linear scale for all cases, with a reach that increases with the spectral index $n_s$. We discuss the generation of vorticity as well as vector and tensor modes of the velocity dispersion, showing that neglecting vorticity when including dispersion would lead to a violation of momentum conservation. We verify momentum conservation when including vorticity, and compute the vorticity power spectrum at two-loop order, necessary to recover the correct large-scale limit with slope $n_w=2$. Comparing to our N-body measurements confirms the cross-over from $k^4$ to $k^2$ scaling on large scales. Our results provide a proof-of-principle that perturbative techniques for dark matter clustering can be systematically improved based on the known underlying collisionless dynamics.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·27 citations
38. 38*

    Effects of different 3D QED vertex ansaetze on critical coupling

    M.E. Carrington🇨🇦 · A.R. Frey🇨🇦 · B.A. Meggison🇨🇦

    We study the semi-metal/insulator phase transition in graphene using a Schwinger-Dyson approach. We consider various forms of vertex ansaetze to truncate the hierarchy of Schwinger-Dyson equations. We define a Ball-Chiu type vertex that truncates the equations without violating gauge invariance. We show that there is a family of these vertices, parametrized by a continuous parameter that we call a, all of which satisfy the Ward identity. We have calculated the critical coupling of the phase transition using different values of a. We have also tested a common approximation in which only the first term in the Ball-Chiu ansatz is included. This vertex is independent of a, and, although it is not gauge invariant, it has been used many times in the literature because of the numerical simplifications it provides. We have found that, with a one-loop photon polarization tensor, the results obtained for the critical coupling from the truncated vertex and the full vertex with a = 1 agree very well, but other values of a give significantly different results. We have also done a fully self-consistent calculation, in which the photons are backcoupled to the fermion degrees of freedom, for one choice a = 1. Our results show that when photon dynamics are correctly taken into account, it is no longer true that the truncated vertex and the full Ball-Chiu vertex with a = 1 agree well. The conclusion is that traditional vertex truncations do not really make sense in a system that does not respect Lorentz invariance, like graphene, and the need to include vertex contributions self-consistently is likely inescapable.

    ↳ cond-mat.mes-hallhep-phPRD(2023)·4 citations
39. 39*

    Spectroscopy of $Sp(4)$ lattice gauge theory with $n_f=3$ antisymmetric fermions

    Jong-Wan Lee🇰🇷 · Ed Bennett🇬🇧 · Deog Ki Hong🇰🇷 · Ho Hsiao🇹🇼 · C.-J. David Lin🇹🇼 · Biagio Lucini🇬🇧 · Maurizio Piai🇬🇧 · Davide Vadacchino🇬🇧

    We perform numerical calculations of masses and decay constants of the lightest (flavoured) pseudoscalar, vector and axial vector mesons in the $Sp(4)$ lattice gauge theory with three Dirac fermions in the antisymmetric representation. The corresponding continuum theory plays an important role in certain ultra-violet complete realisations of composite Higgs, partial top compositeness, and composite dark matter models. In addition, we measure the masses of other flavoured mesons in spin-$0$ and $1$ channels, as well as the first excited state of the vector mesons. Using the gradient flow to set the scale, we carry out the continuum extrapolation and show preliminary results for the meson spectrum of the theory.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2023)·13 citations
40. 40*

    Evolution of collisional neutrino flavor instabilities in spherically symmetric supernova models

    Zewei Xiong🇩🇪 · Meng-Ru Wu🇹🇼 · Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo🇩🇪 · Tobias Fischer🇵🇱 · Manu George🇹🇼 · Chun-Yu Lin🇹🇼 · Lucas Johns🇺🇸

    We implement a multi-group and discrete-ordinate neutrino transport model in spherical symmetry which allows to simulate collective neutrino oscillations by including realistic collisional rates in a self-consistent way. We utilize this innovative model, based on strategic parameter rescaling, to study a recently proposed collisional flavor instability caused by the asymmetry of emission and absorption rates between ${\nu }_e$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ for four different static backgrounds taken from different stages in a core-collapse supernova simulation. Our results confirm that collisional instabilities generally exist around the neutrinosphere during the SN accretion and post-accretion phase, as suggested by [arXiv:2104.11369]. However, the growth and transport of flavor instabilities can only be fully captured by models with global simulations as done in this work. With minimal ingredient to trigger collisional instabilities, we find that the flavor oscillations and transport mainly affect (anti)neutrinos of heavy lepton flavors around their decoupling sphere, which then leave imprints on their energy spectra in the free-streaming regime. For electron (anti)neutrinos, their properties remain nearly intact. We also explore various effects due to the decoherence from neutrino-nucleon scattering, artificially enhanced decoherence from emission and absorption, neutrino vacuum mixing, and inhomogeneous matter profile, and discuss the implication of our work.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·76 citations
41. 41*

    Model Independent Approach of the JUNO ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Program

    JUNO Collaboration: Jie Zhao · Baobiao Yue · Haoqi Lu · Yufeng Li · Jiajie Ling · Zeyuan Yu · Angel Abusleme · Thomas Adam · Shakeel Ahmad · Rizwan Ahmed · Sebastiano Aiello · Muhammad Akram and 591 other authors

    The physics potential of detecting ${}^8$B solar neutrinos will be exploited at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), in a model independent manner by using three distinct channels of the charged-current (CC), neutral-current (NC) and elastic scattering (ES) interactions. Due to the largest-ever mass of ${}^{13}$C nuclei in the liquid-scintillator detectors and the {expected} low background level, ${}^8$B solar neutrinos would be observable in the CC and NC interactions on ${}^{13}$C for the first time. By virtue of optimized event selections and muon veto strategies, backgrounds from the accidental coincidence, muon-induced isotopes, and external backgrounds can be greatly suppressed. Excellent signal-to-background ratios can be achieved in the CC, NC and ES channels to guarantee the ${}^8$B solar neutrino observation. From the sensitivity studies performed in this work, we show that JUNO, with ten years of data, can reach the {1$\sigma$} precision levels of 5%, 8% and 20% for the ${}^8$B neutrino flux, ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{12}$, and $\Delta m_{21}^2$, respectively. It would be unique and helpful to probe the details of both solar physics and neutrino physics. In addition, when combined with SNO, the world-best precision of 3% is expected for the ${}^8$B neutrino flux measurement.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.SRhep-phnucl-exApJ(2024)·36 citations
42. 42*

    Scaling Solutions of Wiggly Cosmic Strings

    A. R. R. Almeida🇵🇹 · C. J. A. P. Martins🇵🇹

    Cosmic string networks form during cosmological phase transitions as a consequence of the Kibble mechanism. The evolution of the simplest networks is accurately described by the canonical Velocity Dependent One-Scale (VOS) model. However, numerical simulations have demonstrated the existence of significant quantities of short-wavelength propagation modes on the strings, known as wiggles, which motivated the recent development of a wiggly string extension of the VOS. Here we summarize recent progress in the physical interpretation of this model through a systematic study of the allowed asymptotic scaling solutions of the model. The modeling mainly relies on three mechanisms: the universe's expansion rate, energy transfer mechanisms (e.g., the production of loops and wiggles), and the choice of the scale in which wiggles are coarse-grained. We consider the various limits in which each mechanism dominates and compare the scaling solutions for each case, in order to gain insight into the role of each mechanism in the overall behavior of the network. Our results show that there are three scaling regimes for the wiggliness, consisting of the well-known Nambu-Goto solution, and non-trivial regimes where the amount of wiggliness can grow as the network evolves or, for specific expansion rates, become a constant. We also demonstrate that full scaling of the network is more likely in the matter era than in the radiation epoch, in agreement with numerical simulations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph1 citation
43. 43*

    Constraints on the nuclear Schiff moment from its correlation with electromagnetic properties

    K. Yanase🇯🇵 · N. Shimizu🇯🇵 · K. Higashiyama · N. Yoshinaga

    We study the nuclear Schiff moments of ${}^{129}$Xe and ${}^{199}$Hg induced by the nucleon electric dipole moment using large-scale shell model calculations. For ${}^{129}$Xe, we find a linear relation between the leading-order contribution and magnetic moment, which would be useful in reducing the theoretical uncertainty. The conventional model space does not contain the $0g_{9/2}$ and $0h_{9/2}$ orbitals, which are connected to the spin-orbit partners by large matrix elements. Thus, to evaluate the influence of the relevant single-particle orbitals outside the conventional model space, we apply the quasiparticle vacua shell model method. Moreover, the next-to-leading-order contribution arises from parity and time-reversal violation inside the nucleus. We demonstrate that these secondary effects do not induce any significant disturbance to the correlation. Additionally, we report the shell model results for the nuclear Schiff moment coefficients of ${}^{199}$Hg. Compared to previous studies, the results obtained in this study are rather large, indicating a higher sensitivity to the neutron electric dipole moment.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPLB(2023)·10 citations
44. 44*

    First observation of the hidden-charm pentaquarks on lattice

    Hanyang Xing🇨🇳 · Jian Liang🇨🇳 · Liuming Liu🇨🇳 · Peng Sun🇨🇳 · Yi-Bo Yang🇨🇳

    The s-wave scattering of ${\Sigma }_c\bar{D}$ and ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ in the $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$ channel is calculated in lattice QCD using two ensembles with different volumes but the same lattice spacing $a\sim 0.08\mathrm{fm}$ and pion mass $M_{\pi }\sim 294\mathrm{MeV}$. The scattering amplitudes near threshold are obtained by Lüscher's finite volume method. We find bound state poles in both ${\Sigma }_c\bar{D}$ and ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ channels, which are possibly related to the $P_c(4312)$ and $P_c(4440)/P_c(4457)$ pentaquarks observed in experiments. The binding energy is $6(2)(2)$MeV for ${\Sigma }_c\bar{D}$ and $7(3)(1)$MeV for ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, where the first error is the statistical error and the second is the systematic error due to the lattice artifacts.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-ph32 citations
45. 45*

    Rock Neutron Backgrounds from FNAL Neutrino Beamlines in the $\nu$BDX-DRIFT Detector

    D. Aristizabal Sierra🇨🇱 · J. L. Barrow🇺🇸 · B. Dutta🇺🇸 · D. Kim🇺🇸 · D. Snowden-Ifft🇺🇸 · L. Strigari🇺🇸 · M. H. Wood🇺🇸

    The $\nu$BDX-DRIFT collaboration seeks to detect low-energy nuclear recoils from CE$\nu$NS or BSM interactions at FNAL. Backgrounds due to rock neutrons are an important concern. We present a~\texttt{GENIE} and~\texttt{GEANT4} based model to estimate backgrounds from rock neutrons produced in neutrino-nucleus interactions within the rock walls surrounding the underground halls. This model was bench-marked against the $2009$ COUPP experiment performed in the MINOS hall in the NuMI neutrino beam, and agreement is found between experimental results and the modeled result to within $30\%$. Working from this validated model, a similar two-stage simulation was performed to estimate recoil backgrounds in the $\nu$BDX-DRIFT detector across several beamlines. In the first stage utilizing~\texttt{GEANT4}, neutrons were tallied exiting the walls of a rectangular underground hall utilizing four different neutrino beam configurations. These results are presented for use by other underground experiments requiring estimations of their rock neutron backgrounds. For $\nu$BDX-DRIFT, the second stage propagated neutrons from the walls and recorded energy deposited within a scintillator veto surrounding the detector and nuclear recoils within the detector's fiducial volume. The directional signal from the $\nu$BDX-DRIFT detector allows additional background subtraction. A sample calculation of a $10$m${}^3\cdot$yr exposure to the NuMI Low Energy (LE) beam configuration shows a CE$\nu$NS signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim$2.5.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
46. 46*

    Multi-Neutrino Entanglement and Correlations in Dense Neutrino Systems

    Marc Illa🇺🇸 · Martin J. Savage🇺🇸

    The time-evolution of multi-neutrino entanglement and correlations are studied in two-flavor collective neutrino oscillations, relevant for dense neutrino environments, building upon previous works. Specifically, simulations performed of systems with up to 12 neutrinos using Quantinuum's H1-1 20 qubit trapped-ion quantum computer are used to compute n-tangles, and two- and three-body correlations, probing beyond mean-field descriptions. n-tangle re-scalings are found to converge for large system sizes, signaling the presence of genuine multi-neutrino entanglement.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phquant-phPRL(2023)·58 citations
47. 47*

    The potential of the ILC beam dump for high-intensity and large-area irradiation field with atmospheric-like neutrons and muons

    Yasuhito Sakaki🇯🇵 · Shinichiro Michizono🇯🇵 · Nobuhiro Terunuma🇯🇵 · Toshiya Sanami🇯🇵

    We evaluate the neutron and muon fluxes produced in the ILC beam dumps by Monte Carlo simulations and discuss their potential use in irradiation fields. We show that the beam dumps can provide high-intensity neutron and muon fluxes with spectra quite similar to secondary cosmic rays, which are suitable for soft error studies. The beam dumps deliver neutrons about $10^{11}$ times the secondary cosmic rays on spaces perpendicular to the beam axis and muons $10^8$ times downstream of the beam dumps in the initial phase of the ILC. Large-area irradiation of 1\,m${}^2$ or more is possible. Differences in the energy distribution of muons in electron and positron beam dumps are also discussed for particle physics experiments.

    ↳ physics.acc-phhep-exhep-phNucl.Instrum.Meth.A(2023)·3 citations
48. 48*

    Shake-up and shake-off effects in neutrinoless double-beta decay

    J.A. Detwiler🇺🇸 · R.G.H. Robertson🇺🇸

    We revisit the role of shake-up and shake-off effects in neutrinoless double-beta decay, following earlier work by Drukarev et al. We find in agreement with Drukarev et al. that the Q value of the decay is reduced by any atomic excitation in the final-state but not by the difference in atomic binding energy of the initial and final state atoms, as was recently suggested by Mei and Wei. We discuss how the absorption of subsequent atomic de-excitation ejecta shifts the neutrinoless double-beta decay peak back to its nominal value. We propose an in situ experimental verification of these ideas, and discuss the impact of shake-up and shake-off on two-neutrino double-beta decay spectral shapes.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phPRC(2023)·4 citations
49. 49*

    Detection of spectral hardenings in cosmic-ray boron-to-carbon and boron-to-oxygen flux ratios with DAMPE

    DAMPE Collaboration

    Boron nuclei in cosmic rays (CRs) are believed to be mainly produced by the fragmentation of heavier nuclei, such as carbon and oxygen, via collisions with the interstellar matter. Therefore, the boron-to-carbon flux ratio (B/C) and the boron-to-oxygen flux ratio (B/O) are very essential probes of the CR propagation. The energy dependence of the B/C ratio from previous balloon-borne and space-based experiments can be well described by a single power-law up to about 1 TeV/n within uncertainties. This work reports direct measurements of B/C and B/O in the energy range from 10 GeV/n to 5.6 TeV/n with 6 years of data collected by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer, with high statistics and well controlled systematic uncertainties. The energy dependence of both the B/C and B/O ratios can be well fitted by a broken power-law model rather than a single power-law model, suggesting the existence in both flux ratios of a spectral hardening at about 100 GeV/n. The significance of the break is about $5.6\sigma$ and $6.9\sigma$ for the GEANT4 simulation, and $4.4\sigma$ and $6.9\sigma$ for the alternative FLUKA simulation, for B/C and B/O, respectively. These results deviate from the predictions of conventional turbulence theories of the interstellar medium, which point toward a change of turbulence properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at different scales or novel propagation effects of CRs, and should be properly incorporated in the indirect detection of dark matter via anti-matter particles.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phSci.Bull.(2022)·118 citations
50. 50*

    Parameters of axion-like particles required to explain high-energy photons from GRB 221009A

    S.V. Troitsky🇷🇺

    Recent astrophysical transient Swift J1913.1+1946 is possibly associated with the gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A at the redshift z=0.151. The transient was accompanied by very high-energy gamma rays up to 18 TeV observed by LHAASO and a photon-like air shower of 251 TeV detected by Carpet-2. These energetic gamma rays cannot reach us from the claimed distance of the source because of the pair production on cosmic background radiation. If the identification and redshift measurements are correct, one would require new physics to explain the data. One possibility invokes axion-like particles (ALPs) which mix with photons but do not attenuate on the background radiation. Here we explore the ALP parameter space and find that the ALP-photon mixing in the Milky Way, and not in the intergalactic space, may help to explain the observations. However, given the low Galactic latitude of the event, misidentification with a Galactic transient remains an undiscarded explanation.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPisma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.(2022)·58 citations
51. 51*

    Lattice QCD study of antiheavy-antiheavy-light-light tetraquarks based on correlation functions with scattering interpolating operators both at the source and at the sink

    Marc Wagner🇩🇪 · Constantia Alexandrou🇨🇾 · Jacob Finkenrath🇨🇾 · Theodoros Leontiou🇨🇾 · Stefan Meinel🇺🇸 · Martin Pflaumer🇩🇪

    We present first results of a recently started lattice QCD investigation of antiheavy-antiheavy-light-light tetraquark systems including scattering interpolating operators in correlation functions both at the source and at the sink. In particular, we discuss the importance of such scattering interpolating operators for a precise computation of the low-lying energy levels. We focus on the $\bar{b}\bar{b}ud$ four-quark system with quantum numbers $I(J^P)=0(1^{+})$, which has a ground state below the lowest meson-meson threshold. We carry out a scattering analysis using Lüscher's method to extrapolate the binding energy of the corresponding QCD-stable tetraquark to infinite spatial volume. Our calculation uses clover $u$, $d$ valence quarks and NRQCD $b$ valence quarks on gauge-link ensembles with HISQ sea quarks that were generated by the MILC collaboration.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2023)·11 citations
52. 52*

    Imprint of f(R) gravity in the cosmic magnification

    Didam Duniya (BIUST)🇧🇼 · Amare Abebe (NWU, NITheCS) · Alvaro de la Cruz-Dombriz (de Salamanca, Cape Town) · Peter Dunsby (Cape Town)

    f(R) gravity is one of the simplest viable modifications to General Relativity: it passes local astrophysical tests, predicts both the early-time cosmic inflation and the late-time cosmic acceleration, and also describes dark matter. In this paper, we probe cosmic magnification on large scales in f(R) gravity, using the well-known Hu-Sawicki model as an example. Our results indicate that at redshifts z < 3, values of the model exponent n > 1 lead to inconsistent behaviour in the evolution of scalar perturbations. Moreover, when relativistic effects are taken into account in the large scale analysis, our results show that as z increases, large-scale changes in the cosmic magnification angular power spectrum owing to integral values of n tend to share a similar pattern, while those of decimal values tend to share another. This feature could be searched for in the experimental data, as a potential "smoking gun" for the given class of gravity models. Furthermore, we found that at z = 1 and lower, relativistic effects lead to a suppression of the cosmic magnification on large scales in f(R) gravity, relative to the concordance model; whereas, at z > 1, relativistic effects lead to a relative boost of the cosmic magnification. In general, relativistic effects enhance the potential of the cosmic magnification as a cosmological probe.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phMNRAS(2022)·7 citations
53. 53*

    Optimizing ${\tilde{X}}_W^{\pm }\to h^0{\ell }_i^{\pm }$ Reconstruction Efficiency with Small-R (R = 0.4) and Large-R (R = 1.0) Jets

    Sophie Kadan🇺🇸 · Evelyn Thomson🇺🇸

    Many Beyond the Standard Model searches at ATLAS employ jets to simplify event reconstruction. These jets cluster particle shower products into calculable objects, which are then used to obtain information about parent particles. Large-R (R = 1.0) jets combine these products into one jet that spans 2 radians, while small-R (R = 0.4) jets are used to further refine individual b-quark trajectories. Optimizing the use of jets is crucial for making precision measurements of Higgs bosons with high transverse momenta, and this paper uses b-quarks produced in the Wino chargino LSP decay to identify parameters that best do so. Monte Carlo simulation found that parameters such as the distance between Higgs bosons and the distance between b-jets were relevant in selecting the most accurate small-R reconstructions. Truth data analysis corroborated the paper's findings, especially for charginos with higher mass. These parameters were then used to refine small-R jet selection, increasing reconstruction efficiency across chargino masses. Further analysis into large-R jet selection would enhance these results, especially at higher chargino masses. A neural network would also prove useful for exploring the effects of combinations of parameters across chargino masses.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.