Mon·Oct 3, 2022Monday·October 3, 2022

1. 01*

   Flavor Hierarchy from Smooth Confinement

   Yuta Hamada🇯🇵 · Juven Wang🇺🇸

   We present a model to explain the Standard Model flavor hierarchy. Our model is based on explicit smooth confinement (namely confinement without chiral symmetry breaking in a supersymmetric gauge theory) at an intermediate energy scale, before the electroweak symmetry breaking by the Higgs condensation at lower energy. In our context, the smooth confinement preserves the SU(3) and the chiral SU(2)${}_L\times$ U(1)${}_Y$ symmetry in a supersymmetric Standard Model, while this internal symmetry becomes dynamically gauged in the end. In contrast to Razamat-Tong's symmetric mass generation model also preserving the $G_{\mathrm{SM}}\equiv$ SU(3)${}_C\times$ SU(2)${}_L\times$ U(1)${}_Y$ internal symmetry, our model introduces different matter contents with a different kind of superpotential deformation irrelevant at UV, which further induces Yukawa-Higgs terms marginal at IR, breaking the $G_{\mathrm{SM}}$ down to SU(3)${}_C$ and the electromagnetic U(1)${}_{\mathrm{EM}}$ only when Higgs condenses. In our model, the IR fermions in the first and second families are composite of UV fields, while the third family elementary fermions match between UV and IR. The smallness of the first and second family fermion masses is explained by the exponential hierarchy between the cutoff scale and the smooth confinement scale via dimensional transmutation. As a result, our UV Lagrangian only contains the natural parameters close to the order one.

   hep-phcond-mat.str-elhep-lathep-thPRD(2023)·4 citations
2. 02*

   Impact of nuclear structure from shell model calculations on nuclear responses to WIMP elastic scattering for ${}^{19}$F and ${}^{nat}$Xe targets

   Raghda Abdel Khaleq🇦🇺 · Cedric Simenel🇦🇺 · Andrew E. Stuchbery🇦🇺

   Non-relativistic effective field theory (NREFT) is one approach used for describing the interaction of WIMPs with ordinary matter. Among other factors, these interactions are expected to be affected by the structure of the atomic nuclei in the target. The sensitivity of the nuclear response components of the WIMP-nucleus scattering amplitude is investigated using shell model calculations for ${}^{19}$F and ${}^{nat}$Xe. Resulting integrated nuclear response values are shown to be sensitive to some specifics of the nuclear structure calculations.

   hep-phnucl-thSciPost Phys.Proc.(2023)·2 citations
3. 03*

   Indirect bounds on new physics for $R(D^{(\ast )})$

   Benjamin Grinstein🇺🇸 · Jason Aebischer🇨🇭

   The Standard Model prediction of the $B_c$ lifetime is discussed, together with the dominant uncertainties and strategies on how to improve them. Furthermore, a new method to compute the $B_c$ lifetime based on the operator product expansion is proposed. It relies on differences of $B,D$ and $B_c$ meson decay rates, in which the free-quark contributions cancel out, reducing the uncertainty of the theory prediction.

   hep-phPoS(2023)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Implications of exclusive $J/\psi$ photoproduction in a tamed collinear factorisation approach to NLO

   Chris A. Flett🇫🇮 · Alan D. Martin🇬🇧 · Misha G. Ryskin🇷🇺 · Thomas Teubner🇬🇧

   We discuss exclusive $J/\psi$ photoproduction, initially in conventional collinear factorisation at NLO and then subsequently in a refined approach with a programme of low $x$ resummation and implementation of a crucial low $Q_0$ subtraction included. We compare and contrast predictions in both frameworks and remark about the possibility to constrain and ultimately determine the low $x$ and low scale gluon PDF, emphasising the significance of this for future global PDF analyses.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Hadron productions and jet substructures associated with $Z^0/\gamma$ in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC

   Shan-Liang Zhang🇨🇳 · Hongxi Xing🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang🇨🇳

   We carry out a detailed study of medium modifications on $Z^0$/$\gamma$+hadron correlations as well as jet substructures in association with $Z^0/\gamma$ in Pb+Pb collisions with $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV at the LHC. We utilize the Linear Boltzmann transport (LBT) model to simulate the jet-medium interactions and medium response, and an extended cluster hadronization model to investigate the non-perturbative transition of quarks and gluons into final hadrons in heavy-ion collisions. Including hadronization effect, we can well describe $Z^0/\gamma$+hadrons correlations and $Z^0/\gamma$-tagged jet substructures in both p+p and Pb+Pb collisions simultaneously. Medium modification on jet profile and jet fragmentation functions indicate that particles carrying a large fraction of the jet momentum are generally closely aligned with the jet axis, whereas low-momentum particles are observed to have a much broader angular distribution relative to jet axis in Pb+Pb collisions due to jet-medium interactions. In particular, we find that $Z^0/\gamma$-tagged hadron correlations are sensitive to the soft particles from the dense medium and medium response, while jet-substructures show weak dependence on those soft hadrons with only a fraction of them falling inside the jet area

   hep-phnucl-thSCPMA(2023)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Exclusive semileptonic $B$-meson decays using lattice QCD and unitarity

   G. Martinelli🇮🇹 · M. Naviglio🇮🇹 · S. Simula🇮🇹 · L. Vittorio🇮🇹

   We present the results of the application of the Dispersion Matrix approach to exclusive semileptonic $B$-meson decays. This method allows to determine the hadronic form factors in a non-perturbative and completely model-independent way. Starting from lattice results available at large values of the momentum transfer, the behaviour of the form factors in their whole kinematical range is obtained without introducing any parameterization of their momentum dependence. We will focus on the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements $|V_{cb}|$ and $|V_{ub}|$ through the analysis of $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}^{(\ast )}\ell \nu$ and $B_{(s)}\to \pi (K)\ell \nu$ decays. New theoretical determinations of the Lepton Flavour Universality ratios relevant for these transitions will be also presented.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Medium-modifications of $g\to c\bar{c}$ splitting

   Sohyun Park🇨🇭

   We study medium-modifications of the gluon splitting into a quark and anti-quark pair. Applying the Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigné-Schiff and Zakharov (BDMPS-Z) formalism, we derive a path-integral formula for the in-medium $g\to q\bar{q}$ splitting function in the close-to-eikonal limit. Our analysis shows that there are two qualitatively different medium effects: transverse momentum broadening of $q\bar{q}$ pairs and enhanced production of such pairs. We note that both effects are numerically sizeable if the average momentum transfer from the medium to the parton is at the quark mass scale. In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, this condition is realized by charm quarks, therefore we focus our numerical analysis on the medium-modifications of $g\to c\bar{c}$ splitting.

   hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2023)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Next-to-next-to-leading order matching of beauty-charmed meson $B_c$ and $B_c^{\ast }$ decay constants

   Wei Tao🇨🇳 · Ruilin Zhu🇨🇳 · Zhen-Jun Xiao🇨🇳

   We present the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to the decay constants for both the pseudoscalar and vector beauty-charmed mesons $B_c$ and $B_c^{\ast }$ in nonrelativistic QCD effective theory. Explicit NNLO calculation verified that the $B_c$ decay constant from pseudoscalar current is identical with the $B_c$ decay constant from axial-vector current. The NNLO result for the vector decay constant of $B_c^{\ast }$ meson is novel. Combined with the latest extraction of nonrelativistic QCD long-distance matrix elements of $B_c$ meson, we give the branching ratios of leptonic decays of $B_c$ and $B_c^{\ast }$ mesons. In addition, the novel anomalous dimension for the flavor-changing heavy quark vector current in nonrelativistic QCD effective theory are helpful to investigate the threshold behaviours of two different heavy quarks.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·19 citations
9. 09*

   Tension between $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \eta {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ and ${\tau }^{-}\to \eta {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0{\nu }_{\tau }$ data and non-standard interactions

   Saray Arteaga🇺🇸 · Ling-Yun Dai🇨🇳 · Adolfo Guevara🇨🇳 · Pablo Roig🇲🇽

   We show the discrepancy between the isospin-rotated $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \eta {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ cross-section -- measured by various collaborations -- and the Belle ${\tau }^{-}\to \eta {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0{\nu }_{\tau }$ spectrum, which cannot be explained by heavy new physics non-standard interactions. We give for the first time the framework needed to study these beyond the standard model contributions in three-meson tau decays.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·18 citations
10. 10*

    Constraining extended scalar sectors at current and future colliders -- an update

    Tania Robens🇭🇷

    In this proceeding, I discuss several models that extend the scalar sector of the Standard Model by additional matter states. I here focus on results for models with singlet extensions, which have been obtained recently and update some of the results presented in previous work. In more detail, I will briefly review the option to test a strong first-order electroweak phase transition using precision measurements in the electroweak sector, as well as production cross-sections for non-standard scalar production at Higgs factories.

    hep-phSpringer Proc.Phys.(2023)·14 citations
11. 11*

    Effect of dipole size fluctuations on diffractive photo-production of vector mesons

    Jean-Paul Blaizot🇫🇷 · Marco Claudio Traini🇮🇹

    We consider the diffractive photo-production of vector mesons on a proton, in the dipole model. We take into account the effect of the fluctuations of the the dipole size, whose magnitude is controlled by the overlap between the photon and the vector meson wave functions. Our predictions for the incoherent diffractive cross section, obtained within the Impact Parameter Saturation Model (IPSat), are shown to be in excellent agreement with the HERA data on $J/\Psi$ photo-production, down to very low momentum transfer, where the dipole size fluctuations are shown to play an essential role. This study complements, without introducing any additional parameter, previous treatments of incoherent diffractive processes in terms of fluctuations of the proton shape, by adding another source of ``geometrical'' fluctuations, namely those coming from the splitting of the photon into color dipoles of various sizes.

    hep-phnucl-th6 citations
12. 12*

    Can quantized fragmentation replace colour reconnection models ?

    Šárka Todorova-Nová🇨🇿

    A brief overview of properties of the model of quantized fragmentation of a helical QCD string is followed by the discussion of colour reconnection models and of the ways to reproduce the evolution of the average transverse momentum in hadronic events, as function of charged particle multiplicity. Reference to recent experimental data is included.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·1 citation
13. 13*

    A Mass for the Dual Photon

    Anson Hook🇺🇸 · Junwu Huang🇨🇦

    We explore a novel IR phase of electromagnetism and place constraints on it. The usual IR modification of electromagnetism, the Higgs phase, involves adding a photon mass for the gauge field $A_{\mu }$, which screens electric fields and confines magnetic fields. We explore the confined phase resulting from adding a mass term for the dual photon, which screens magnetic fields and confines electric fields. We study the theory of a dual photon mass and argue that it is a consistent effective field theory. We then elucidate the phenomenological consequences of such a mass term and derive constraints on it. As the current constraints come with large uncertainties, we also propose a few new searches for a dual photon mass term.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-th4 citations
14. 14*

    Searching For Dark Matter with Plasma Haloscopes

    Alexander J. Millar · Steven M. Anlage · Rustam Balafendiev · Pavel Belov · Karl van Bibber · Jan Conrad · Marcel Demarteau · Alexander Droster · Katherine Dunne · Andrea Gallo Rosso · Jon E. Gudmundsson · Heather Jackson and 15 other authors

    We summarise the recent progress of the Axion Longitudinal Plasma HAloscope (ALPHA) Consortium, a new experimental collaboration to build a plasma haloscope to search for axions and dark photons. The plasma haloscope is a novel method for the detection of the resonant conversion of light dark matter to photons. ALPHA will be sensitive to QCD axions over almost a decade of parameter space, potentially discovering dark matter and resolving the Strong CP problem. Unlike traditional cavity haloscopes, which are generally limited in volume by the Compton wavelength of the dark matter, plasma haloscopes use a wire metamaterial to create a tuneable artificial plasma frequency, decoupling the wavelength of light from the Compton wavelength and allowing for much stronger signals. We develop the theoretical foundations of plasma haloscopes and discuss recent experimental progress. Finally, we outline a baseline design for ALPHA and show that a full-scale experiment could discover QCD axions over almost a decade of parameter space.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exphysics.ins-detPRD(2023)·113 citations
15. 15*

    Two Invertible Networks for the Matrix Element Method

    Anja Butter🇩🇪 · Theo Heimel🇩🇪 · Till Martini🇩🇪 · Sascha Peitzsch🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪

    The matrix element method is widely considered the ultimate LHC inference tool for small event numbers. We show how a combination of two conditional generative neural networks encodes the QCD radiation and detector effects without any simplifying assumptions, while keeping the computation of likelihoods for individual events numerically efficient. We illustrate our approach for the CP-violating phase of the top Yukawa coupling in associated Higgs and single-top production. Currently, the limiting factor for the precision of our approach is jet combinatorics.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.(2023)·50 citations
16. 16*

    Disentangling the high and low cutoff scales via the trilinear Higgs couplings in the type-I two-Higgs-doublet model

    Sin Kyu Kang🇰🇷 · Jinheung Kim🇰🇷 · Soojin Lee🇰🇷 · Jeonghyeon Song🇰🇷

    The type-I two-Higgs-doublet model in the inverted Higgs scenario can retain the theoretical stability all the way up to the Planck scale. The Planck-cutoff scale, ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{cut}}^{\mathrm{Planck}}$, directly impacts the mass spectra such that all the extra Higgs boson masses should be light below about 160 GeV. However, the observation of the light masses of new Higgs bosons does not indicate the high cutoff scale because a low cutoff scale can also accommodate the light masses. Over the viable parameter points that satisfy the theoretical requirements and the experimental constraints, we show that the trilinear Higgs couplings for low ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{cut}}$ are entirely different from those for the Planck-cutoff scale. The most sensitive coupling to the cutoff scale is from the $h$-$h$-$h$ vertex, where $h$ is the lighter CP-even Higgs boson at a mass below 125 GeV. Among the multi-Higgs productions mediated by Higgs bosons, the gluon fusion processes of $gg\to hh$ and $gg\to AA$ are insensitive to the cutoff scale, yielding a small variation of $\mathcal{O}(1)\mathrm{fb}$ according to ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{cut}}$. The smoking-gun signature is from the triple Higgs production of $q{\bar{q}}^{\prime }\to W^{\ast }\to H^{\pm }hh$, which solely depends on the $h$-$h$-$h$ vertex. The cross section for ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{cut}}=1\mathrm{TeV}$ is about $10^3$ times larger than that for the Planck-cutoff scale. Since the decay modes of $H^{\pm }\to W^{\ast }h/W^{\ast }A$ and $h/A\to bb$ are dominant, the process yields the $6b+\ell \nu$ final state, which enjoys an almost background-free environment. Consequently, the precision measurement of $pp\to H^{\pm }hh$ can probe the cutoff scale of the model.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·8 citations
17. 17*

    Coupled Early Dark Energy

    Mark Trodden🇺🇸

    Early dark energy has emerged as one of the more promising approaches to address the Hubble tension - the statistically significant disparity between measurements of the Hubble constant made using data from different epochs in cosmic history. However, the idea is not without its own set of challenges, both from the data, in the effects it has on other measurements, such as the large-scale structure tension, and from theoretical concerns such as technical naturalness and the introduction of a new coincidence problem in cosmology. In this brief note, delivered as an invited plenary lecture at the {\it 15th Frontiers of Fundamental Physics conference}, I discuss how some of the fine-tuning problems of early dark energy can be ameliorated by using couplings to other fields already present in cosmology, and for which the epoch of matter-radiation equality is already a special one. The resulting models - neutrino assisted early dark energy, and chameleon early dark energy - provide testable, theoretically robust implementations of this general idea. I will discuss the formulation and the cosmology of such approaches, including some constraints arising from both observational and theoretical considerations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phSpringer Proc.Phys.(2024)·5 citations
18. 18*

    Study of Charmonium(-like) Spectroscopy and Decay at BESIII

    Weimin Song (on behalf of BESIII Collaboration)

    The recent results on Charmonium and Charmonium-like states at BESIII are reviewed, including the observation of ${\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{cs}}(3985)$ state, the study of the new decay modes of ${\psi }_2(3823)$ state, observation of resonance structure in ${\mathrm{e}}^{+}{\mathrm{e}}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\psi }_2(3823)$ process, the study of the ${\mathrm{e}}^{+}{\mathrm{e}}^{-}\to {\mathrm{K}}^{+}{\mathrm{K}}^{-}J/\psi$ process, cross section measurement of ${\mathrm{e}}^{+}{\mathrm{e}}^{-}\to \omega {\pi }^0$ and $\omega \eta$ process, branching fraction measurement of $\psi (3686)\to {\bar{\Sigma }}^0\Lambda +c.c.$ process. Decay channels for ${\chi }_{cJ}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$, ${\chi }_{cJ}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\eta$, $\psi (3686)\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\omega$ and ${\eta }_c(2S)\to 3({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ are also discussed. The property of the spin singlet P wave Charmonium state, ${\mathrm{h}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ is also reported.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·1 citation
19. 19*

    Collectivity in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions

    Chun Shen🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸

    We present full (3+1)D dynamical simulations to study collective behavior in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the 3DGlauber+MUSIC+UrQMD framework. By extrapolating from asymmetric p+Pb collisions, we simulate a quasi-real photon ${\gamma }^{\ast }$ interacting with the Pb nucleus in an ultra-peripheral collision at the LHC, assuming strong final-state effects. We study the elliptic flow hierarchy between p+Pb and ${\gamma }^{\ast }$+Pb collisions, which is dominated by the difference in longitudinal flow decorrelations. Our theoretical framework provides a quantitative tool to study collectivity in small asymmetric collision systems at current and future collider experiments.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2023)·3 citations
20. 20*

    Quark mass generation due to scalar fields with zero dimension

    J. Miller🇺🇸 · M.A.Zubkov🇮🇱

    We propose a model of dynamical symmetry breaking, in which a new type of fundamental scalar fields of zero mass-dimension mediate the couplings of fermions to the gravitational field, represented here as a tetrad field in the same manner as Riemann-Cartan gravity. In our model, the tetrad couples to the standard model fermions non-minimally, and the very coupling coefficients are the fundamental scalar fields. There are exactly 36 scalar fields in the model, which are distinguishable by flavor indices on the fields. This is the precise number of zero dimension scalar fields that leads to a vanishing Weyl anomaly and a vanishing vacuum energy. Precisely the same number of these very same scalar fields is required for the coupling of all of the different standard model fermions to the vielbein field. At the same time their interaction with fermions gives rise to fermion mass terms, without the need to introduce a fundamental Higgs field. Within the proposed theory we construct a toy model that deals solely with the top and bottom quarks, and we demonstrate that their observable masses can appear in the action dynamically. Moreover, this mechanism allows for the top and bottom quarks to acquire distinctly different masses, as opposed to our previous, even simpler toy model that contained only the top quark.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph0 citations
21. 21*

    Hyperon Physics at BESIII

    Viktor Thorén🇸🇪

    Spin polarization and entanglement are utilized by the BESIII experiment to learn more about the production and decay properties of hyperon-antihyperon pairs in a series of recent analyses of its unprecedented datasets at the $J/\psi$ and ${\psi }^{\prime }$ resonances. This has lead to the observation of significant transverse polarisation in decays of $J/\psi$ or ${\psi }^{\prime }$ into $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$, $\Sigma \bar{\Sigma }$, $\Xi \bar{\Xi }$, and $\Omega \bar{\Omega }$. Because of the non-zero polarization, the decay parameters for the most common hadronic weak decays of both hyperons and antihyperons could be determined independently for the first time. Comparing these to each other yields precise tests of direct, $\Delta S=1$ CP-violation that complement measurements of kaon decays.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·0 citations
22. 22*

    Primordial black holes and gravitational waves from nonminimally coupled supergravity inflation

    Shinsuke Kawai🇰🇷 · Jinsu Kim🇨🇭

    We study the formation of primordial black holes and the generation of gravitational waves in a class of cosmological models that are direct supersymmetric analogs of the observationally favored nonminimally coupled Higgs inflation model. It is known that this type of model naturally includes multiple scalar fields which may be regarded as the inflaton. For the sake of simplicity we focus on the case where the inflaton field space is two dimensional. We analyze the multifield dynamics and find the region of parameters that gives copious production of primordial black holes that may comprise a significant part of the present dark matter abundance. We also compute the spectrum of the gravitational waves and discuss their detectability by means of future ground-based and space-borne gravitational wave observatories.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·45 citations
23. 23*

    Holographic confining/deconfining gauge theories and entanglement measures with a magnetic field

    Parul Jain🇰🇷 · Siddhi Swarupa Jena🇮🇳 · Subhash Mahapatra🇮🇳

    We study various holographic pure and mixed state entanglement measures in the confined/deconfined phases of a bottom-up AdS/QCD model in the presence of a background magnetic field. We analyse the entanglement entropy, entanglement wedge cross-section, mutual information, and entanglement negativity and investigate how a background magnetic field leaves its imprints on the entanglement structure of these measures. Due to the anisotropy introduced by the magnetic field, we find that the behaviour of these measures depends nontrivially on the relative orientation of the strip with respect to the field. In the confining phase, the entanglement entropy and negativity undergo a phase transition at the same critical strip length, the magnitude of which increases/decreases for parallel/perpendicular orientation of the magnetic field. The entanglement wedge cross-section similarly displays discontinuous behaviour each time a phase transition between different entangling surfaces occurs, while further exhibiting anisotropic features with a magnetic field. We further find that the magnetic field also introduces substantial changes in the entanglement measures of the deconfined phase, however, these changes remain qualitatively similar for all orientations of the magnetic field. We further study the inequality involving entanglement wedge and mutual information and find that the former always exceeds half of the latter everywhere in the parameter space of the confined/deconfined phases.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phquant-phPRD(2023)·25 citations
24. 24*

    On the resurgence of renormalons in integrable theories

    Tomas Reis🇨🇭

    In this thesis we explore the physics of renormalons in integrable models under the framework of resurgence. In the first part, we review some background on resurgence, integrability and renormalons, including a discussion of large N renormalons and ring diagrams. In the second part, we start from the Bethe ansatz integral equations and obtain exact trans-series for the free energy in multiple models. These trans-series include non-perturbative effects which correspond to renormalons at unexpected positions in the Borel plane. We test the trans-series numerically and at large N. We also study what happens to these trans-series under a topological angle. In the third part, we use apply the techniques of resurgence in non-relativistic theories. We find a relation between the energy gap of the system and the positions of singularities in the Borel plane. By studying the asymptotic behaviour of ring diagrams, we identify this relation with renormalons.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phmath-ph+118 citations
25. 25*

    Dimensionless physics: Planck constant as an element of Minkowski metric

    G.E. Volovik🇫🇮

    Diakonov theory of quantum gravity, in which tetrads emerge as the bilinear combinations of the fermionis fields,\cite{Diakonov2011} suggests that in general relativity the metric may have dimension 2, i.e. $[g_{\mu \nu }]=1/[L{]}^2$. Several other approaches to quantum gravity, including the model of superplastic vacuum and $BF$-theories of gravity support this suggesuion. The important consequence of such metric dimension is that all the diffeomorphism invariant quantities are dimensionless for any dimension of spacetime. These include the action $S$, interval $s$, cosmological constant $\Lambda$, scalar curvature $R$, scalar field $\Phi$, etc. Here we are trying to further exploit the Diakonov idea, and consider the dimension of the Planck constant. The application of the Diakonov theory suggests that the Planck constant $\hslash$ is the parameter of the Minkowski metric. The Minkowski parameter $\hslash$ is invariant only under Lorentz transformations, and is not diffeomorphism invariant. As a result the Planck constant $\hslash$ has nonzero dimension -- the dimension of length [L]. Whether this Planck constant length is related to the Planck length scale, is an open question. In principle there can be different Minkowski vacua with their own values of the parameter $\hslash$. Then in the thermal contact between the two vacua their temperatures obey the analog of the Tolman law: ${\hslash }_1/T_1={\hslash }_2/T_2$.

    ↳ gr-qccond-mat.otherhep-phJETP Lett.(2023)·2 citations
26. 26*

    Towards structures in the flux landscape at large number of moduli

    Sven Krippendorf🇩🇪 · Valentí Vall Camell🇩🇪

    Sampling string flux vacua enables us to study structures in the string landscape. Here we demonstrate that sampling at large number of moduli is possible for the simplified landscape model of ADK. Using dimensional reduction, we identify analytic structures in these samples. In this example, we find that these structures are rather insensitive to the underlying distribution of UV parameters but they emerge only at large number of moduli and they can be attributed to sampling bias.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph4 citations
27. 27*

    Prospects for a lattice calculation of the rare decay ${\Sigma }^{+}\to p{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$

    Felix Erben🇬🇧 · Vera Gülpers🇬🇧 · Maxwell T. Hansen🇬🇧 · Raoul Hodgson🇬🇧 · Antonin Portelli🇬🇧

    We present a strategy for calculating the rare decay of a ${\Sigma }^{+}(uus)$ baryon to a proton $(uud)$ and di-lepton pair using lattice QCD. To determine this observable one needs to numerically evaluate baryonic two-, three-, and four-point correlation functions related to the target process. In particular, the four-point function arises from the insertion of incoming and outgoing baryons, together with a weak Hamiltonian mediating the $s\to d$ transition and an electromagnetic current creating the outgoing leptons. As is described in previous work in other contexts, this four-point function has a highly non-trivial relation to the physical observable, due to nucleon and nucleon-pion intermediate states. These lead to growing Euclidean time dependence and, in the case of the nucleon-pion states, to power-like volume effects. We discuss how to treat these issues in the context of the ${\Sigma }^{+}\to p{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decay and, in particular, detail the relation between the finite-volume estimator and the physical, complex-valued amplitude. In doing so, we also make connections between various approaches in the literature.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2023)·14 citations
28. 28*

    Towards the computation of inclusive decay rates using lattice QCD

    Paolo Gambino🇮🇹 · Shoji Hashimoto🇯🇵 · Sandro Mächler🇮🇹 · Marco Panero🇮🇹 · Francesco Sanfilippo🇮🇹 · Silvano Simula🇮🇹 · Antonio Smecca🇮🇹 · Nazario Tantalo🇮🇹

    We present a non-perturbative computation of inclusive rates of semileptonic decays of heavy mesons from lattice QCD simulations. The calculation is based on the extraction of smeared spectral functions obtained from four-point Euclidean correlation functions computed on configuration ensembles of the JLQCD and ETM collaborations. We compare our results for the inclusive decay rates with analytical predictions from the operator-product expansion, finding a good agreement for the calculation of the inclusive decay rate. This opens the path to the theoretical determination of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $V_{cb}$ to a level of precision competitive with the present experimental uncertainty.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·1 citation
29. 29*

    Inhomogeneity of rotating gluon plasma and Tolman-Ehrenfest law in imaginary time: lattice results for fast imaginary rotation

    M. N. Chernodub🇫🇷 · V. A. Goy🇷🇺 · A. V. Molochkov🇷🇺

    We present the results of first-principle numerical simulations of Euclidean SU(3) Yang-Mills plasma rotating with a high imaginary angular frequency. The rigid Euclidean rotation is introduced via ``rotwisted'' boundary conditions along imaginary time direction. The Polyakov loop in the co-rotating Euclidean reference frame shows the emergence of a spatially inhomogeneous confining-deconfining phase through a broad crossover transition. A continuation of our numerical results to Minkowski spacetime suggests that the gluon plasma, rotating at real angular frequencies, produces a new inhomogeneous phase possessing the confining phase near the rotation axis and the deconfinement phase in the outer regions. The inhomogeneous phase structure has a purely kinematic origin, rooted in the Tolman-Ehrenfest effect in a rotating medium. We also derive the Euclidean version of the Tolman-Ehrenfest law in imaginary time formalism and discuss two definitions of temperature at imaginary Euclidean rotation.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·61 citations
30. 30*

    Parity violating gravitational waves at the end of inflation

    Mar Bastero-Gil🇪🇸 · António Torres Manso🇪🇸

    Inflaton-vector interactions of the type $\varphi F\tilde{F}$ have provided interesting phenomenology to tackle some of current problems in cosmology, namely the vectors could constitute the dark matter component. It could also lead to possible signatures imprinted in a gravitational wave spectrum. Through this coupling, a rolling inflaton induces an exponential production of the transverse polarizations of the vector field, having a maximum at the end of inflation when the inflaton field velocity is at its maximum. These gauge particles, already parity asymmetric, will source the tensor components of the metric perturbations, leading to the production of parity violating gravitational waves. In this work we examine the vector particle production with an attempt to mimic its backreaction effects on the inflation evolution in the weak coupling regime. Furthermore, we fully integrate the gauge particle amplitudes spectrum during this production epoch, studying the behavior until the end of reheating. Finally, we calculate the gravitational wave spectrum solely relying on the vector mode WKB expansion in its regime of validity.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·37 citations
31. 31*

    Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with $\text{nuPyProp}$

    Diksha Garg🇺🇸 · Sameer Patel🇺🇸 · Mary Hall Reno🇺🇸 · Alexander Reustle🇺🇸 · Yosui Akaike🇯🇵 · Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Douglas R. Bergman🇺🇸 · Isaac Buckland🇺🇸 · Austin L. Cummings🇺🇸 · Johannes Eser🇺🇸 · Fred Garcia🇺🇸 · Claire Guépin🇺🇸 and 13 other authors

    Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we describe the software code $\text{nuPyProp}$ that simulates tau neutrino and muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the $\tau$-lepton and muons that emerge. The $\text{nuPyProp}$ outputs are lookup tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used directly or as inputs to the $\text{nuSpaceSim}$ code designed to simulate optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its flexibility and show selected results for $\tau$-lepton and muon exit probabilities and energy distributions. The $\text{nuPyProp}$ code is open source, available on Github.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2023)·26 citations
32. 32*

    Finding NEEMo: Geometric Fitting using Neural Estimation of the Energy Mover's Distance

    Ouail Kitouni🇺🇸 · Niklas Nolte · Mike Williams🇺🇸

    A novel neural architecture was recently developed that enforces an exact upper bound on the Lipschitz constant of the model by constraining the norm of its weights in a minimal way, resulting in higher expressiveness compared to other techniques. We present a new and interesting direction for this architecture: estimation of the Wasserstein metric (Earth Mover's Distance) in optimal transport by employing the Kantorovich-Rubinstein duality to enable its use in geometric fitting applications. Specifically, we focus on the field of high-energy particle physics, where it has been shown that a metric for the space of particle-collider events can be defined based on the Wasserstein metric, referred to as the Energy Mover's Distance (EMD). This metrization has the potential to revolutionize data-driven collider phenomenology. The work presented here represents a major step towards realizing this goal by providing a differentiable way of directly calculating the EMD. We show how the flexibility that our approach enables can be used to develop novel clustering algorithms.

    ↳ stat.MLcs.LGhep-exhep-ph10 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.