Tue·Jul 26, 2022Tuesday·July 26, 2022

1. 01*

   European Spallation Source as a searching tool for an ultralight scalar field

   Rubén Cordero🇲🇽 · Luis A. Delgadillo🇲🇽 · O. G. Miranda🇲🇽

   Dark matter (DM) nature is one of the major issues in physics. The search for a DM candidate has motivated the known proposal of an ultralight scalar field (ULSF). We explore the possibility to search for this ULSF at the upcoming European Spallation Source neutrino Super-Beam experiment. We have considered the recent study case in which there could be an interaction between the ULSF and active neutrinos. We have found that in this future experimental setup, the sensitivity is competitive with other neutrino physics experiments. We show the expected future sensitivity for the main parameter modeling the interaction between ULSF and neutrinos.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-exPRD(2023)·17 citations
2. 02*

   Next-to-leading order mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to Higgs production at the LHC

   Marco Bonetti🇩🇪

   After ten years from its discovery, the Higgs boson is still under unprecedented scrutiny. A huge theoretical effort has been invested in modelling Higgs boson production through gluon fusion, reaching ${\text{N}}^3\text{LO}$ predictions in pure QCD. This incredible theoretical achievement makes the exact computation of sub-leading contributions, such as mixed QCD-Electroweak corrections, necessary. I will present the analytic calculation of the gluon- and quark-initiated two-loop four-point contributions to such class of corrections mediated by light quarks at order $v{\alpha }^2{\alpha }_S^{3/2}$.

   hep-phPoS(2022)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Investigating $S$-wave bound states composed of two pseudoscalar mesons

   Zi-Long Li🇨🇳 · Xing-Yue Tan🇨🇳 · Zhu-Feng Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhen-Yang Wang🇨🇳 · Xin-Heng Guo🇨🇳

   In this work, we systematically investigate the two-pseudoscalar meson systems with the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder and instantaneous approximations. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation numerically with the kernel containing the one-particle exchange diagrams, we find that the $K\bar{K}$, $DK$, $B\bar{K}$, $D\bar{D}$, $B\bar{B}$, $BD$, $D\bar{K}$, $BK$, and $B\bar{D}$ systems with $I=0$ can exist as bound states. We also study the contributions from heavy meson ($J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$) exchanges, and we find that the contribution from heavy meson exchange can not be ignored.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·5 citations
4. 04*

   Sivers and Boer-Mulders TMDs of proton in a light-front quark-diquark model

   Bheemsehan Gurjar🇮🇳 · Dipankar Chakrabarti🇮🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳

   We obtain the leading twist T-odd quark transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) of the proton, namely the Sivers function, $f_{1T}^{\perp q}(x,p_{\perp }^2)$, and the Boer-Mulders function, $h_1^{\perp q}(x,p_{\perp }^2)$, in a light-front quark-diquark model constructed with the wave functions predicted by the soft-wall AdS/QCD. The gluon rescattering is crucial to predict a nonzero T-odd TMDs. We study the utility of a nonperturbative $SU(3)$ gluon rescattering kernel going beyond the usual approximation of perturbative $U(1)$ gluons. The spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) associated with these T-odd TMDs are found to be consistent with HERMES and COMPASS data. We also evaluate the generalized Sivers and Boer-Mulders shifts and compare them with the available lattice QCD simulations.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·16 citations
5. 05*

   Impact of electroweak group representation in models for $B$ and $g-2$ anomalies from Dark Loops

   Rodrigo Capucha🇵🇹 · Da Huang🇨🇳 · Tomás Lopes🇵🇹 · Rui Santos🇵🇹

   We discuss two models which are part of a class providing a common explanation for lepton flavor universality violation in $b\to s{l}^{+}{l}^{-}$ decays, the dark matter (DM) problem and the muon $(g-2)$ anomaly. The $B$ meson decays and the muon $(g-2)$ anomalies are explained by additional one-loop diagrams with DM candidates. The models have one extra fermion field and two extra scalar fields relative to the Standard Model (SM). The $SU(3)$ quantum numbers are fixed by the interaction with the SM fermions in a new Yukawa Lagrangian that connects the dark and the visible sectors. We compare two models, one where the fermion is a singlet and the scalars are doublets under $SU(2{)}_L$ and another one where the fermion is a doublet and the scalars are singlets under $SU(2{)}_L$. We conclude that both models can explain all new physics phenomena simultaneously, while satisfying all other flavor and DM constraints. However, there are crucial differences between how the DM constraints affect the two models leading to a noticeable difference in the allowed DM mass range.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·7 citations
6. 06*

   Probe of the anomalous neutral triple gauge couplings in photon-induced collision at future muon colliders

   S. Spor🇹🇷

   The anomalous $ZZ\gamma$ and $Z\gamma \gamma$ neutral triple gauge couplings occurred by dimension-eight operators are investigated through the process ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\gamma }^{\ast }{\mu }^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}Z(\nu \bar{\nu }){\mu }^{-}$ at the muon collider with $\sqrt{s}=3$, $6$, $10$ and $14$ TeV. The charged lepton pseudo-rapidity, the charged lepton transverse momentum and the transverse missing energy distributions are taken in consideration for the final state of the process in the analysis. The sensitivities of the anomalous couplings are obtained at $95\%$ Confidence Level with integrated luminosity of ${\mathcal{L}}_{\text{int}}=1$, $4$, $10$ and $20$ ab${}^{-1}$, respectively, according to center-of-mass energies of muon collider taking into account the effects of systematic uncertainties $0\%$, $3\%$ and $5\%$. The best limits of anomalous $C_{BB}/{\Lambda }^4$, $C_{BW}/{\Lambda }^4$, $C_{\tilde{B}W}/{\Lambda }^4$ and $C_{WW}/{\Lambda }^4$ couplings without systematic uncertainty at center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and integrated luminosity of 20 ab${}^{-1}$ are found to be [-0.01026; 0.00636] TeV${}^{-4}$, [-0.02482; 0.03053] TeV${}^{-4}$, [-0.01830; 0.02510] TeV${}^{-4}$, [-0.06981; 0.07387] TeV${}^{-4}$, respectively.

   hep-phNPB(2023)·16 citations
7. 07*

   Hide and Seek: Screened Scalar Fields in Hydrogen and Muonium

   Philippe Brax🇫🇷 · Anne-Christine Davis🇬🇧 · Benjamin Elder🇺🇸

   We compute bounds on screened scalar field theories from hydrogen-like systems. New light scalar fields generically have a direct coupling to matter. Such a coupling is strongly constrained by myriad experimental measurements. However, certain theories possess a {\it screening mechanism} that allows the effects of this coupling to weaken dynamically, and to evade many such bounds. We compute the perturbations to the energy levels of hydrogen-like systems due to screened scalar fields. We then use this result in two ways. First, we compute bounds from hydrogen spectroscopy, finding significantly weaker bounds than have been reported before as screening effects were overlooked. Second, we show that muonium is an intrinsically much more sensitive probe of screened scalar fields. For chameleon models, muonium experiments probe a large part of the parameter space that is as yet unexplored by low energy physics and has so far only been tested by high-energy particle physics experiments.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPRD(2023)·32 citations
8. 08*

   A unified formulation of one-loop tensor integrals for finite volume effects

   Ze-Rui Liang🇨🇳 · De-Liang Yao🇨🇳

   A unified formulation of one-loop tensor integrals is proposed for systematical calculations of finite volume corrections. It is shown that decomposition of the one-loop tensor integrals into a series of tensors accompanied by tensor coefficients is feasible, if a unit space-like four vector $n^{\mu }$, originating from the discretization effects at finite volume, is introduced. A generic formula has been derived for numerical computations of all the involved tensor coefficients. For the vanishing external three-momenta, we also investigate the feasibility of the conventional Passarino-Veltmann reduction of the tensor integrals in a finite volume. Our formulation can be easily used to realize the automation of the calculations of finite volume corrections to any interesting quantities at one-loop level. Besides, it provides finite volume result in a unique and concise form, which is suited for, e.g., carrying out precision determination of physical observable from modern lattice QCD data.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thJHEP(2022)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Colliding and Fixed Target Mode in a Single Experiment -- A Novel Approach to Study the Matter under New Extreme Conditions

   Oleksandr V. Vitiuk🇵🇱 · Valery M. Pugatch🇺🇦 · Kyrill A. Bugaev🇺🇦 · Nazar S. Yakovenko🇺🇦 · Pavlo P. Panasiuk🇺🇦 · Elizaveta S. Zherebtsova🇷🇺 · Vasyl M. Dobishuk🇺🇦 · Sergiy B. Chernyshenko🇺🇦 · Borys E. Grinyuk🇺🇦 · Violetta Sagun🇵🇹 · Oleksii Ivanytskyi🇵🇱

   Here, we propose a novel approach to experimentally and theoretically study the properties of QCD matter under new extreme conditions, namely having an initial temperature over 300~MeV and baryonic charge density over three times the values of the normal nuclear density. According to contemporary theoretical knowledge, such conditions were not accessible during the early Universe evolution and are not accessible now in the known astrophysical phenomena. To achieve these new extreme conditions, we proposed performing high-luminosity experiments at LHC or other colliders by means of scattering the two colliding beams at the nuclei of a solid target that is fixed at their interaction region. Under plausible assumptions, we estimate the reaction rate for the p+C+p and Pb+Pb+Pb reactions and discuss the energy deposition into the target and possible types of fixed targets for such reactions. To simulate the triple nuclear collisions, we employed the well-known UrQMD 3.4 model for the beam center-of-mass collision energies 2.76 TeV. As a result of our modeling, we found that, in the most central and simultaneous triple nuclear collisions, the initial baryonic charge density is approximately three times higher than the one achieved in the ordinary binary nuclear collisions at this energy.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thParticles(2022)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Effect of $D^0$-$\bar{D}{}^0$ Mixing upon Cabibbo-favored $D^0$ Decays

    A. J. Schwartz🇺🇸

    The parameter $y_{CP}$ is used to characterize mixing in the $D^0$-$\bar{D}{}^0$ meson system. To determine $y_{CP}$, one measures the effective decay width of a $D^0$ or $\bar{D}{}^0$ decaying to a $CP$ eigenstate, relative to the effective width for a decay to a Cabibbo-favored, flavor-specific final state. When using $y_{CP}$ to extract information about $D^0$-$\bar{D}{}^0$ mixing and $CP$ violation, the decay width of the Cabibbo-favored decay is usually assumed to equal $1/\tau$, the reciprocal of the $D^0$ lifetime. However, there is a small correction to this that should be taken into account when $y_{CP}$ is measured with sufficiently high precision. We calculate this correction in terms of charm mixing and $CP$ violation parameters $x$, $y$, $|q/p|$, and $\varphi$.

    hep-phhep-ex6 citations
11. 11*

    Semileptonics at High-$p_T$

    Darius A. Faroughy🇨🇭

    We consider the Drell-Yan processes $pp\to \ell {\ell }^{(\prime )}$ and $pp\to \ell \bar{\nu }$ at high-$p_T$ as probes of New Physics effects in semileptonic transitions. For this purpose, we describe the $2\to 2$ scattering amplitudes in terms of general form-factors which we match to the SMEFT at $\mathcal{O}(1/{\Lambda }^4)$ including corrections from dimension-$8$ operators and to tree-level mediators with $\mathcal{O}$(TeV) masses arising from ultraviolet models. By using the latest LHC run-II data from monolepton and dilepton production channels, we derive constraints on the SMEFT and on leptoquark models, with the most general flavor structures. Our results are compiled into the Mathematica package 'HighPT', which provides a simple way to perform high-$p_T$ collider analyses of Drell-Yan production Beyond the Standard Model.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
12. 12*

    Hunting Quantum Gravity with Analogs: the case of High Energy Particle Physics

    Paolo Castorina🇮🇹 · Alfredo Iorio🇨🇿 · Helmut Satz🇩🇪

    In this review we collect, for the first time in one paper, old and new results and future perspectives of the research line that uses hadron production, in high-energy scattering processes, to experimentally probe fundamental questions of quantum gravity. The key observations, that ignited the link between the two arenas, are the so-called ``color-event horizon'' of quantum chromodynamics, and the enormous (de)accelerations involved in such scattering processes: both phenomena point to the Unruh (and related Hawking) type of effects. After the first pioneering investigations of this, such research went on and on, including studies of the horizon entropy and other ``black-hole thermodynamical'' behaviors, which incidentally are also the frontier of the analog gravity research itself. It is stressed in various places here that the \textit{trait d'union} between the two phenomenologies is that in both scenarios, hadron physics and black hole physics, ``thermal'' behaviors are more easily understood not as due to real thermalization processes (sometimes just impossible, given the small number of particles involved), but rather to a stochastic/quantum entanglement nature of such temperature. Finally, other aspects, such as the self-critical organizations of hadronic matter and of black-holes, have been recently investigated. The results of those investigations are also summarized and commented upon here. As a general remark, this research line shows that indeed we can probe quantum gravity theoretical constructions with analog systems that are not confined to belong only to the condensed matter arena. This is as it must be.

    hep-phgr-qchep-thUniverse(2022)·5 citations
13. 13*

    Three-loop $\beta$-functions and two-loop anomalous dimensions for MSSM regularized by higher covariant derivatives in an arbitrary supersymmetric subtraction scheme

    Olesya Haneychuk🇷🇺 · Valentina Shirokova🇷🇺 · Konstantin Stepanyantz🇷🇺

    Three-loop $\beta$-functions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model regularized by higher covariant derivatives are obtained for an arbitrary supersymmetric subtraction scheme. For this purpose we first calculate two-loop anomalous dimensions for all MSSM chiral matter superfields defined in terms of the bare couplings. Then we use the NSVZ equations for the renormalization group functions defined in terms of the bare couplings, which are valid in all orders in the case of using the higher covariant derivative regularization. This gives the three-loop $\beta$-functions defined in terms of the bare couplings. After that, we construct the three-loop $\beta$-functions and the two-loop anomalous dimensions standardly defined in terms of the renormalized couplings for an arbitrary subtraction scheme. As a nontrivial correctness test, we verify that for a certain renormalization prescription the general results reproduce the ones obtained earlier in the $\overline{\text{mbox}DR}$ scheme. Also this can be considered as an indepedent confirmation of the $\overline{\text{mbox}DR}$ results.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2022)·17 citations
14. 14*

    The partial waves of $B_2^{\ast }(5747)$ and their contributions in strong decays

    Ting-Ting Liu🇨🇳 · Su-Yan Pei🇨🇳 · Wei Li🇨🇳 · Meng Han🇨🇳 · Guo-Li Wang🇨🇳

    By adopting the relativistic Bethe-Salpeter method, the OZI allowed strong decays of the $2^{+}$ state $B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0$ are studied, emphasis is paid to the relativistic corrections. We first study the partial waves in the wave functions used, find that there are $P$, $D$ and $F$ partial waves in $B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0$ meson, and the ratios $P:D:F=1:0.421:0.051$. We also find $S:P:D=1:0.354:0.046$ for $B^{\ast }$, and $S:P=1:0.343$ for $B$ meson. The large components of the $D$ wave in $B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0$ and $P$ wave in $B^{(\ast )}$ means that large relativistic effects existing in these states. Second, we calculate the strong decays, the obtained total decay width $\Gamma (B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0)=25.9$ MeV and the branching fraction $\Gamma (B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0\to B^{\ast }\pi )$ / $\Gamma (B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0\to B\pi )=0.96$ are consistent well with experimental data. Third, we study the contributions of different partial waves in the initial and final wave functions, find that the relativistic effects are about $15\%$ and $11\%$ for $B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0\to B\pi$ and $B_2^{\ast }(5747{)}^0\to B^{\ast }\pi$, respectively, which are much smaller than our expected, showing that the relativistic corrections are cancelled to each other in these decays.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Probing initial geometrical anisotropy and final azimuthal anisotropy in heavy-ion collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies through event-shape engineering

    Suraj Prasad🇮🇳 · Neelkamal Mallick🇮🇳 · Sushanta Tripathy🇮🇹 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

    Anisotropic flow is accredited to have effects from the initial state geometry and fluctuations in the nuclear overlap region. The elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) coefficients of the final state particles are expected to have influenced by eccentricity (${\epsilon }_2$) and triangularity (${\epsilon }_3$) of the participants, respectively. In this work, we study $v_2$, $v_3$, ${\epsilon }_2$, ${\epsilon }_3$ and the correlations among them with respect to event topology in the framework of a multi-phase transport model (AMPT). We use transverse spherocity and reduced flow vector as event shape classifiers in this study. Transverse spherocity has the unique ability to separate events based on geometrical shapes, i.e., jetty and isotropic, which pertain to pQCD and non-pQCD domains of particle production in high-energy physics, respectively. We use the two-particle correlation method to study different anisotropic flow coefficients. We confront transverse spherocity with a more widely used event shape classifier -- reduced flow vector ($q_n$) and they are found to have significant (anti-)correlations among them. We observe significant spherocity dependence on $v_2$, $v_3$ and ${\epsilon }_2$. This work also addresses transverse momentum dependent crossing points between $v_2$ and $v_3$, which varies for different centrality and spherocity percentiles.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRD(2023)·26 citations
16. 16*

    Production rates of $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ and $D\bar{D}$ molecules in $B$ decays

    Jia-Ming Xie🇨🇳 · Ming-Zhu Liu🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    Motivated by the recent discovery of a charmonium $X(3960)$ in $B$ decays by the LHCb Collaboration, the likely existence of two bound/virtual states (denoted by $X_{s\bar{s}}$ and $X_{q\bar{q}}$) below the $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ and $\bar{D}D$ mass thresholds has been re-examined recently. In this work, we employ the effective Lagrangian approach to calculate their production rates in $B$ decays utilizing triangle diagrams. Our results show that the production yields of $B^{+}\to X_{s\bar{s}}{K}^{+}$ and $B^{+}\to X_{q\bar{q}}{K}^{+}$ are of the order of $10^{-4}$, in agreement with the relevant experimental data, which indicates that, if the $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ and $\bar{D}D$ bound states indeed exist, they can be detected in $B$ decays. Moreover, we calculate the production rate of $B^{+}\to X(3960)K^{+}$ assuming that $X(3960)$ is a resonant state of $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ and find that it is also of the order of $10^{-4}$ but a bit smaller than that as a $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ bound state.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·30 citations
17. 17*

    Strong electroweak phase transition in $t$-channel simplified dark matter models

    Simone Biondini🇨🇭 · Philipp Schicho🇫🇮 · Tuomas V. I. Tenkanen🇸🇪

    Beyond the Standard Model physics is required to explain both dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the universe, the latter possibly generated during a strong first-order electroweak phase transition. While many proposed models tackle these problems independently, it is interesting to inquire whether the same model can explain both. In this context, we link state-of-the-art perturbative assessments of the phase transition thermodynamics with the extraction of the dark matter energy density. These techniques are applied to a next-to-minimal dark matter model containing an inert Majorana fermion that is coupled to Standard Model leptons via a scalar mediator, where the mediator interacts directly with the Higgs boson. For dark matter masses 180 GeV $<M_{\chi }<$ 300 GeV, we discern regions of the model parameter space that reproduce the observed dark matter energy density and allow for a first-order phase transition, while evading the most stringent collider constraints.

    hep-phJCAP(2022)·27 citations
18. 18*

    Approximating missing higher-orders in transverse momentum distributions using resummations

    Niccolò Laurenti🇮🇹 · Tanjona R. Rabemananjara🇳🇱 · Roy Stegeman🇮🇹

    We present a more reliable approach to approximate the unknown next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) transverse momentum distribution of colourless final states, namely the Higgs boson produced via gluon fusion and the lepton pair produced via Drell--Yan (DY) mechanism. The approximation we construct relies on the combination of various resummation formalisms -- namely threshold, small-pt and high energy resummations -- by exploiting the singularity structure of the large logarithms in Mellin space. We show that for the case of Higgs boson production, the approximate N3LO transverse momentum distribution amounts to a correction of a few percent with respect to the NNLO result with a reduction in the scale dependence.

    hep-ph0 citations
19. 19*

    Analytic representations of two-loop scattering amplitudes with internal masses

    Ekta Chaubey🇮🇹

    We highlight the latest developments in computing higher-order scattering amplitudes with massive internal propagators. The contributing Feynman integrals often lead to special classes of functions, for example, functions associated with elliptic curves. With the presence of more scales in the amplitudes, it becomes imperative to have a better understanding of the contributing Feynman integrals and using current cutting-edge technologies to tackle the growth in analytic and algebraic complexities. In particular, we start with discussing two-loop scattering amplitudes for top-quark pair production and conclude with motivating important steps towards obtaining next-to-next-to leading-order corrections for five-point processes.

    hep-phPoS(2022)·0 citations
20. 20*

    Three-flavour neutrino oscillations in a magnetic field

    Alexey Lichkunov🇷🇺 · Artem Popov🇷🇺 · Alexander Studenikin🇷🇺

    In this paper we study Dirac and Majorana neutrino oscillations in a magnetic field in the three-flavour case. A theoretical framework developed in \cite{Popov:2019} is extended to the case of three neutrino species, as well as to the Majorana neutrinos case. The closed expression for the Dirac neutrinos flavour and spin oscillations are given. Majorana neutrino oscillations are studied numerically. We show that the probabilities exhibit a complicated interplay of oscillation on magnetic ${\mu }_{\nu }B$ and vacuum $\Delta m_{ij}^2/2p$ frequencies. It is also shown that neutrino oscillations in an interstellar magnetic field can modify neutrino fluxes observed in neutrino telescopes.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·10 citations
21. 21*

    Status of double virtual NNLO QCD corrections for high multiplicity processes

    V. Sotnikov🇨🇭

    Pushing the reach of NNLO QCD predictions to $2\to 3$ production processes is one of the pillars of precision phenomenology program at the LHC. In this talk we will overview recent results and developments in the calculation of two-loop five-point amplitudes contributing towards achieving this goal. We will discuss challenges encountered in advancing the state-of-the-art beyond the class of massless five-point scattering. We will then present a basis set of transcendental functions sufficient to express any planar two-loop five-particle scattering amplitude with one external massive leg. This basis greatly facilitates derivation of compact analytic form of scattering amplitudes, and opens a possibility of their fast and reliable numerical evaluation. Applications for phenomenology of electroweak boson production can be reasonably anticipated in the near future.

    hep-phPoS(2022)·4 citations
22. 22*

    Effective potential and mass behavior of a self-interacting scalar field theory due to thermal and external electric and magnetic fields effects

    M. Loewe🇨🇱 · D. Valenzuela🇨🇱 · R. Zamora🇨🇱

    In this article we address the subject of finding the behavior of a charged scalar field $\varphi$ under the influence of external constant magnetic and electric fields, perpendicular to each other, including also thermal effects. For this purpose we derive an expression for the corresponding bosonic propagator. As an application, we explore, in the weak field sector, the mass correction for the self interacting $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ theory. Our results show that the mass diminishes when the magnetic field appears, for small values of temperature, staring to increase then when the strength of the field rises. In the case when we have only an electric field, the mass always grow with the field intensity. We also analyze the phase diagram associated to spontaneous symmetry breaking of the theory finding inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) or inverse electric catalysis (IEC) for the cases where only a magnetic field or only an electric field are present, respectively. In both cases, taken separately, we have a scenario where the critical temperature associate to symmetry restoration diminishes as function of the corresponding field strengths. A similar situation happens when both type of fields are simultaneously present. We have dubbed this case as inverse magnetic -electric catalysis (IMEC). In this situation, both fields cooperate for the occurrence of IMEC.

    hep-phEPJA(2023)·8 citations
23. 23*

    Systematic Quark/Gluon Identification with Ratios of Likelihoods

    Samuel Bright-Thonney🇺🇸 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · Stefan Prestel🇸🇪

    Discriminating between quark- and gluon-initiated jets has long been a central focus of jet substructure, leading to the introduction of numerous observables and calculations to high perturbative accuracy. At the same time, there have been many attempts to fully exploit the jet radiation pattern using tools from statistics and machine learning. We propose a new approach that combines a deep analytic understanding of jet substructure with the optimality promised by machine learning and statistics. After specifying an approximation to the full emission phase space, we show how to construct the optimal observable for a given classification task. This procedure is demonstrated for the case of quark and gluons jets, where we show how to systematically capture sub-eikonal corrections in the splitting functions, and prove that linear combinations of weighted multiplicity is the optimal observable. In addition to providing a new and powerful framework for systematically improving jet substructure observables, we demonstrate the performance of several quark versus gluon jet tagging observables in parton-level Monte Carlo simulations, and find that they perform at or near the level of a deep neural network classifier. Combined with the rapid recent progress in the development of higher order parton showers, we believe that our approach provides a basis for systematically exploiting subleading effects in jet substructure analyses at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and beyond.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·12 citations
24. 24*

    Limits on the cosmic neutrino background

    Martin Bauer🇬🇧 · Jack D. Shergold🇬🇧

    We present the first comprehensive discussion of constraints on the cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B) overdensity, including theoretical, experimental and cosmological limits for a wide range of neutrino masses and temperatures. Additionally, we calculate the sensitivities of future direct and indirect relic neutrino detection experiments and compare the results with the existing constraints, extending several previous analyses by taking into account that the C$\nu$B reference frame may not be aligned with that of the Earth. The Pauli exclusion principle strongly disfavours overdensities ${\eta }_{\nu }\gg 1$ at small neutrino masses, but allows for overdensities ${\eta }_{\nu }\lesssim 125$ at the KATRIN mass bound $m_{\nu }\simeq 0.8\mathrm{eV}$. On the other hand, cosmology strongly favours $0.2\lesssim {\eta }_{\nu }\lesssim 3.5$ in all scenarios. We find that direct detection proposals are capable of observing the C$\nu$B without a significant overdensity for neutrino masses $m_{\nu }\gtrsim 50\mathrm{meV}$, but require an overdensity ${\eta }_{\nu }\gtrsim 3\times 10^5$ outside of this range. We also demonstrate that relic neutrino detection proposals are sensitive to the helicity composition of the C$\nu$B, whilst some may be able to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos.

    hep-phhep-exJCAP(2023)·59 citations
25. 25*

    Semi-inclusive Lepton Flavor Universality ratio in $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ transitions

    Marco Ardu🇫🇷 · Gino Isidori🇨🇭 · Marko Pesut🇨🇭

    We construct a semi-inclusive Lepton Flavour Universality (LFU) ratio, $R_{\Sigma }$, to test $\mu /e$ universality in $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ transitions at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ $B$-meson factories. Combining different decay channels, this observable maximises the sensitivity to possible LFU violations of short distance origin, yet preserving a clean theoretical interpretation in case of a deviation from its Standard Model prediction, $R_{\Sigma }^{\mathrm{SM}}=1$.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·3 citations
26. 26*

    Oscillation tomografy study of Earth's composition and density with atmospheric neutrinos

    Juan Carlos D'Olivo Saez🇲🇽 · José Arnulfo Herrera Lara🇲🇽 · Ismael Romero🇦🇷 · Oscar Alfredo Sampayo🇦🇷

    Knowledge of the composition of the Earth's interior is highly relevant to many geophysical and geochemical problems. Neutrino oscillations are modified in a non-trivial way by the matter effects and can provide valuable and unique information not only on the density but also on the chemical and isotopic composition of the deep regions of the planet. In this paper, we re-examine the possibility of performing an oscillation tomography of the Earth with atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos to obtain information on the composition and density of the outer core and the mantle, complementary to that obtained by geophysical methods. Particular attention is paid to the D${}^{\prime \prime }$ layer just above the core-mantle boundary and to the water (hydrogen) content in the mantle transition zone. Our analysis is based on a Monte-Carlo simulation of the energy and azimuthal angle distribution of $\mu$-like events generated by neutrinos. Taking as reference a model of the Earth consisting of 55 concentric layers with constant densities determined from the PREM, we evaluate the effect on the number of events due to changes in the composition and density of the outer core and the mantle. To examine the capacity of a detector like ORCA to resolve such variations, we construct regions in planes of two of these quantities where the statistical significance of the discrepancies between the reference and the modified Earth are less than $1\sigma$. The variations are implemented in such a way that the constraint imposed by both the total mass of the Earth and its moment of inertia are verified.

    ↳ physics.geo-phhep-phhep-thEPJC(2022)·12 citations
27. 27*

    Disruption of Dark Matter Minihaloes in the Milky Way environment: Implications for Axion Miniclusters and Early Matter Domination

    Xuejian Shen🇺🇸 · Huangyu Xiao🇺🇸 · Philip F. Hopkins🇺🇸 · Kathryn M. Zurek🇺🇸

    Many theories of dark matter beyond the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP) paradigm feature an enhanced matter power spectrum on sub-parsec scales, leading to the formation of dense dark matter minihaloes. Future local observations are promising to search for and constrain such substructures. The survival probability of these dense minihaloes in the Milky Way environment is crucial for interpreting local observations. In this work, we investigate two environmental effects: stellar disruption and (smooth) tidal disruption. These two mechanisms are studied using semi-analytic models and idealized N-body simulations. For stellar disruption, we perform a series of N-body simulations of isolated minihalo-star encounters to test and calibrate analytic models of stellar encounters before applying the model to the realistic Milky Way disk environment. For tidal disruption, we perform N-body simulations to confirm the effectiveness of the analytic treatment. Finally, we propose a framework to combine the hierarchical assembly and infall of minihaloes to the Milky Way with the late-time disruption mechanisms. We make predictions for the mass functions of minihaloes in the Milky Way. The survival fraction of dense dark matter minihaloes, e.g. for axion miniclusters and minihaloes from Early Matter Domination, is $\sim 60\%$ with the relatively low-mass, compact population surviving. The survival fraction is insensitive to the detailed model parameters. We discuss various implications of the framework and future direct detection prospects.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phApJ(2024)·40 citations
28. 28*

    Novel relaxation time approximation: a consistent calculation of transport coefficients with QCD-inspired relaxation times

    Gabriel S. Rocha🇧🇷 · Gabriel S. Denicol🇧🇷 · Maurício N. Ferreira🇧🇷 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸

    We use a novel formulation of the relaxation time approximation to consistently calculate the bulk and shear viscosity coefficients using QCD-inspired energy-dependent relaxation times and phenomenological thermal masses obtained from fits to lattice QCD thermodynamics. The matching conditions are conveniently chosen to simplify the computations.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2023)·3 citations
29. 29*

    Design of axion and axion dark matter searches based on ultra high Q SRF cavities

    Bianca Giaccone🇺🇸 · Asher Berlin🇺🇸 · Ivan Gonin🇺🇸 · Anna Grassellino🇺🇸 · Roni Harnik🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Timergali Khabiboulline🇺🇸 · Andrei Lunin🇺🇸 · Oleksandr Melnychuk🇺🇸 · Alexander Netepenko🇺🇸 · Roman Pilipenko🇺🇸 · Yuriy Pischalnikov🇺🇸 and 4 other authors

    The Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems center is developing searches for dark photons, axions and ALPs with the goal of improving upon the current state-of-the-art sensitivity. These efforts leverage on Fermi National Accelerator expertise on ultra-high quality factor superconducting radio frequency cavities combined with the center research on quantum technology. Here we focus on multiple axion searches that utilize ~1E10 quality factor superconducting radio frequency cavities and their resonant modes to enhance the production and/or detection of axions in the cavity volume. In addition, we present preliminary results of single-mode and multi-mode nonlinearity measurements that were carried out as part of an experimental feasibility study to gain insight on the behavior of the ultra-high quality factor resonators and the experimental RF system in the regime relevant for axion searches.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.acc-phphysics.app-ph22 citations
30. 30*

    Cen x-3 as seen by MAXI during six years

    Á. Torregrosa · J. J. Rodes-Roca · J. M. Torrejón · G. Sanjurjo-Ferrín · G. Bernabeu

    The aim of this work is to study both light curve and orbital phase spectroscopy of this source taking advantage of the MAXI/GSC observation strategy. We have investigated the spectral and light curve properties of the X-ray emission from Cen X-3 along the binary orbit. These studies allow delimiting the stellar wind properties and its interactions with the compact object. A timing analysis of light curves in different energy bands was carried out. From the analysis of the light curve, we have estimated the orbital period of the binary system and also found possible QPOs around a superorbital period of $P_{\mathrm{superorb}}=220\pm 5$ days. Both orbital phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectra were extracted and analysed in the 2.0-20.0 keV energy range. We have defined and compared the high and low states spectra with the averaged spectrum. Two models have described spectra satisfactorily, a partial absorbed Comptonization of cool photons on hot electrons plus a power law and a partial absorbed blackbody plus a power law, both modified by adding Gaussian lines. The radius of the blackbody emitting area has been determined and the high value of the X-ray luminosity in the averaged spectrum indicates that the accretion mode is not only due to the stellar wind.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phRev.Mex.Astron.Astrofis.(2022)·8 citations
31. 31*

    Cosmological Imprints of SUSY Breaking in Models of Sgoldstinoless Non-Oscillatory Inflation

    Lucien Heurtier🇬🇧 · Ahmad Moursy🇪🇬 · Lucien Wacquez🇬🇧

    In supergravity, the dynamics of the sgoldstino -- superpartner of the goldstino superfield associated with the breaking of supersymmetry at low energy -- can substantially modify the dynamics of inflation in the primordial Universe. So-called sgoldstinoless models assume the existence of a nilpotency constraint $S^2=0$ that effectively removes the sgoldstino from the theory. Such models were proposed to realise non-oscillatory inflation scenarios with a single scalar field, which feature a long period of kination at the end of inflation, and therefore a non-standard post-inflationary cosmology. Using effective operators, we propose models in which the sgoldstino is stabilized close to the origin to reproduce the nilpotent constraint. We show that small sgoldstino fluctuations may lead to a sizeable back-reaction on the cosmological history. We study the effect of this back-reaction on the inflation observables measured in the cosmic microwave background and confront the model to a series of constraints including limits on $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. We show that the peculiar form of the potential in the large supersymmetry breaking scale limit can generate peaks in the scalar power spectrum produced from inflation. We study how certain perturbation modes may re-enter the horizon during or after kination and show that a large supersymmetry breaking scale may lead to the formation of primordial black holes with various masses in the early Universe.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·17 citations
32. 32*

    Dynamical development of proton cumulants and correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV from a multiphase transport model

    Qian Chen🇨🇳 · Guo-Liang Ma🇨🇳

    Higher-order cumulants of the distributions of conserved charges, such as net-baryon number, are sensitive to the quantum chromodynamics(QCD) phase transition and the QCD critical point. We calculate the cumulants and correlation functions of proton, antiproton, and net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV using a multiphase transport model(AMPT). The AMPT model can basically describe the trends of cumulants, cumulant ratios, (normalized) correlation functions of the proton and net-proton measured by the STAR experiment. The multiproton (baryon) correlations in the AMPT model are consistent with the expectation from baryon number conservation. We demonstrate that multiproton (baryon) correlations suffer the dynamical evolution of heavy-ion collisions. Our results provide a baseline for searching for the possible critical behaviors at the critical end point in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2022)·11 citations
33. 33*

    Can radial motions in the stellar halo constrain the rate of change of mass in the Galaxy?

    Sanjib Sharma🇦🇺 · Joss Bland-Hawthorn🇦🇺 · Joseph Silk🇫🇷 · Celine Boehm🇦🇺

    A change in the mass of the Galaxy with time will leave its imprint on the motions of the stars, with stars having radially outward (mass loss) or inward (mass accretion) bulk motions. Here we test the feasibility of using the mean radial motion of stars in the stellar halo to constrain the rate of change of mass in the Galaxy, for example, due to decay of dark matter into invisible dark sector particles or more conservatively from the settling of baryons. In the current $\Lambda$CDM paradigm of structure formation, the stellar halo is formed by accretion of satellites onto the host galaxy. Over time, as the satellites disrupt and phase mix, the mean radial motion $⟨V_R⟩$ of the stellar halo is eventually expected to be close to zero. But most halos have substructures due to incomplete mixing of specific accretion events and this can lead to nonzero $⟨V_R⟩$ in them. Using simulations, we measure the mean radial motion, $⟨V_R⟩$, of stars in 13 $\Lambda$CDM stellar halos lying in a spherical shell of radius 30 kpc. We find that for most halos, the shell motion is quite small, with 75\% of halos having $⟨V_R⟩\lesssim 1.2\mathrm{km}{s}^{-1}$. When substructures are removed by using a clustering algorithm, $⟨V_R⟩$ is reduced even further, with 75\% of halos having $⟨V_R⟩\lesssim 0.6\mathrm{km}{s}^{-1}$. A value of $⟨V_R⟩\approx 0.6\mathrm{km}{s}^{-1}$ can be attained corresponding to a galactic mass loss rate of 2\% per Gyr. We show that this can place constraints on dark matter decay parameters such as the decay lifetime and the kick velocity that is imparted to the daughter particle. The advent of all-sky stellar surveys involving millions to billions of stars is encouraging for detecting signatures of dark matter decay.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phMNRAS(2023)·3 citations
34. 34*

    Perturbative unitarity and NEC violation in genesis cosmology

    Yong Cai🇨🇳 · Ji Xu🇨🇳 · Shuai Zhao🇺🇸 · Siyi Zhou🇯🇵

    Explorations of the violation of null energy condition (NEC) in cosmology could enrich our understanding of the very early universe and the related gravity theories. Although a fully stable NEC violation can be realized in the ``beyond Horndeski'' theory, it remains an open question whether a violation of the NEC is allowed by some fundamental properties of UV-complete theories or the consistency requirements of effective field theory (EFT). We investigate the tree-level perturbative unitarity for stable NEC violations in the contexts of both Galileon and ``beyond Horndeski'' genesis cosmology, in which the universe is asymptotically Minkowskian in the past. We find that the constraints of perturbative unitarity imply that we may need some unknown new physics below the cut-off scale of the EFT other than that represented by the ``beyond Horndeski'' operators.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJHEP(2022)·21 citations
35. 35*

    Highly non-Gaussian tails and primordial black holes from single-field inflation

    Yi-Fu Cai🇨🇳 · Xiao-Han Ma🇨🇳 · Misao Sasaki🇯🇵 · Dong-Gang Wang🇬🇧 · Zihan Zhou🇺🇸

    For primordial perturbations, deviations from Gaussian statistics on the tail of the probability distribution can be associated with non-perturbative effects of inflation. In this paper, we present some particular examples in which the tail of the distribution becomes highly non-Gaussian although the statistics remains almost Gaussian in the perturbative regime. We begin with an extension of the ultra-slow-roll inflation that incorporates a transition process, where the inflaton climbs up a tiny potential step at the end of the non-attractor stage before it converges to the slow-roll attractor. Through this example, we identify the key role of the off-attractor behaviour for the upward-step transition, and then extend the analysis to another type of the transition with two slow-roll stages connected by a tiny step. We perform both the perturbative and non-perturbative analyses of primordial fluctuations generated around the step in detail, and show that the tiny but nontrivial transition may affect large perturbations in the tail of the distribution, while the perturbative non-Gaussianity remains small. Our result indicates that the non-Gaussian tails can have rich phenomenology which has been overlooked in conventional analyses. We also study the implications of this non-Gaussian tail for the formation of primordial black holes, and find that their mass fraction can be parametrically amplified by several orders of magnitudes in comparison with the case of the Gaussian distribution. Additionally, we also discuss a mechanism of primordial black holes formation for this upward step inflation model by trapping the inflaton in the bottom of the step.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2022)·97 citations
36. 36*

    Point sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos: minimalist predictions for near-future discovery

    Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇰 · Mauricio Bustamante🇩🇰 · Victor B. Valera🇩🇰

    The discovery of ultra-high-energy neutrinos, with energies above 100 PeV, may soon be within reach of upcoming neutrino telescopes. We present a robust framework to compute the statistical significance of point-source discovery via the detection of neutrino multiplets. We apply it to the radio array component of IceCube-Gen2. To identify a source with $3\sigma$ significance, IceCube-Gen2 will need to detect a triplet, at best, and an octuplet, at worst, depending on whether the source is steady-state or transient, and on its position in the sky. The discovery, or absence, of sources significantly constrains the properties of the source population.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2023)·0 citations
37. 37*

    Beyond a single elliptic curve

    Hildegard Müller🇩🇪 · Stefan Weinzierl🇩🇪

    In this talk we discuss the interplay of two elliptic curves, which occur in different sub-sectors of Feynman integrals. We analyse a particular Feynman integral depending on two elliptic curves and derive an associated differential equation in $\epsilon$-form. We discuss the mixed entries of the differential equation, which depend on both elliptic curves.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPoS(2022)·1 citation
38. 38*

    Top quark mass measurements at the $t\bar{t}$ threshold with CEPC

    Zhan Li🇨🇳 · Xiaohu Sun🇨🇳 · Yaquan Fang🇨🇳 · Gang Li🇨🇳 · Shuiting Xin🇨🇳 · Shudong Wang🇨🇳 · Yiwei Wang🇨🇳 · Yuan Zhang🇨🇳 · Hao Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhijun Liang🇨🇳

    We present a study of top quark mass measurements at the $t\bar{t}$ threshold based on CEPC. A centre-of-mass energy scan near two times of the top mass is performed and the measurement precision of top quark mass, width and ${\alpha }_S$ are evaluated using the $t\bar{t}$ production rates. Realistic scan strategies at the threshold are discussed to maximise the sensitivity to the measurement of the top quark properties individually and simultaneously in the CEPC scenarios assuming a limited total luminosity of 100 fb${}^{-1}$. With the optimal scan for individual property measurements, the top quark mass precision is expected to be 9 MeV, the top quark width precision is expected to be 26 MeV, and ${\alpha }_S$ can be measured at a precision of 0.00039. Taking into account the uncertainties from theory, background subtraction, beam energy and luminosity spectrum, the top quark mass can be measured at a precision of 14 MeV optimistically and 34 MeV conservatively at CEPC.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2023)·21 citations
39. 39*

    Anomalous Ward identities for on-shell amplitudes at the conformal fixed point

    Dmitry Chicherin🇫🇷 · Johannes Henn🇩🇪 · Simone Zoia🇮🇹

    Conformal symmetry underlies many massless quantum field theories, but little is known about the consequences of this powerful symmetry for on-shell scattering amplitudes. Working in a dimensionally-regularised ${\varphi }^3$ model at the conformal fixed point, we show that the on-shell renormalised amplitudes satisfy anomalous conformal Ward identities. Each external on-shell state contributes two terms to the anomaly. The first term is proportional to the elementary field anomalous dimension, and thus involves only lower-loop information. We show that the second term can be given as the convolution of a universal collinear function and lower-order amplitudes. The computation of the conformal anomaly is therefore simpler than that of the amplitude at the same perturbative order, which gives our anomalous conformal Ward identities a strong predictive power in perturbation theory. Finally, we show that our result is also of practical importance for dimensionally-regularised amplitudes away from the conformal fixed point.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·6 citations
40. 40*

    Local Discontinuous Galerkin for the Functional Renormalisation Group

    Friederike Ihssen🇩🇪 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪 · Franz R. Sattler🇩🇪 · Nicolas Wink🇩🇪

    We apply the Local Discontinuous Galerkin discretisation to flow equations of the O(N)-model in the Local Potential Approximation. The improved stability is directly observed by solving the flow equation for various $N$ and space-time dimensions $d$. A particular focus of this work is the numerical discretisation and its implementation. The code is publicly available, and is explained in detail here. It is realised as a module within the high performance PDE framework DUNE.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2024)·26 citations
41. 41*

    Ultra wideband axion search using a Faraday haloscope

    A. T. M. Anishur Rahman🇬🇧

    Dark matter is a major constituent of our universe and the axion is a prime candidate. In this article, it is shown that by exploiting the axion induced magnetization in a magnetic rod and the Faraday effect, axions in the mass range $500$ to $5000\mu$eV, a part of which ($>3500\mu$eV) is currently inaccessible to experiments, can be searched for using the same experimental setup in a year using the existing technologies. The magnetic rod is placed inside a high finesse optical cavity, which by confining the probe light inside it increases the interaction time and thus enhances the Faraday effect. This rotates the plane of polarization of the probe light sufficiently and produces a robust signal. Axions of different mass are selected using a dc magnetic field. Detection is carried out by counting photons in the optical domain using a readily available and high quantum efficiency ($\approx 1$) photon counter in a noise-free environment. An optical interferometric scheme that could provide spectroscopic information about the axion to be searched is also proposed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMcond-mat.str-elhep-ex+1PRD(2022)·5 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.