Fri·Jul 1, 2022Friday·July 1, 2022

1. 01*

   Fine-tuned vs. natural supersymmetry: what does the string landscape predict?

   Howard Baer🇺🇸 · Vernon Barger🇺🇸 · Dakotah Martinez🇺🇸 · Shadman Salam🇺🇸

   A vast array of (metastable) vacuum solutions arise from string compactifications, each leading to different 4-d laws of physics. The space of these solutions, known as the string landscape, allows for an environmental solution to the cosmological constant problem. We examine the possibility of an environmental solution to the gauge hierarchy problem. We argue that the landscape favors softly broken supersymmetric models over particle physics models containing quadratic divergences, such as the Standard Model. We present a scheme for computing relative probabilities for supersymmetric models to emerge from the landscape. The probabilities are related to the likelihood that the derived value of the weak scale lies within the Agrawal et al. (ABDS) allowed window of values leading to atoms as we know them. This then favors natural SUSY models over unnatural (SUSY and other) models via a computable probability measure.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·11 citations
2. 02*

   Two A5 modular symmetries for Golden Ratio 2 mixing

   Ivo de Medeiros Varzielas🇵🇹 · João Lourenço🇵🇹

   We present a model of leptonic mixing based on two $A_5$ modular symmetries using the Weinberg operator. The two modular symmetries are broken to the respective diagonal $A_5$ subgroup. At the effective level, the model behaves as a model with a single $A_5$ modular flavour symmetry, but with two moduli. Using both as stabilisers, different residual symmetries are preserved, leading to golden ratio mixing that is perturbed by a rotation.

   hep-phNPB(2022)·22 citations
3. 03*

   Signal region combination with full and simplified likelihoods in MadAnalysis 5

   Gaël Alguero🇫🇷 · Jack Y. Araz🇬🇧 · Benjamin Fuks🇫🇷 · Sabine Kraml🇫🇷

   The statistical combination of disjoint signal regions in reinterpretation studies uses more of the data of an analysis and gives more robust results than the single signal region approach. We present the implementation and usage of signal region combination in MadAnalysis 5 through two methods: an interface to the pyhf package making use of statistical models in JSON-serialised format provided by the ATLAS collaboration, and a simplified likelihood calculation making use of covariance matrices provided by the CMS collaboration. The gain in physics reach is demonstrated 1.) by comparison with official mass limits for 4 ATLAS and 5 CMS analyses from the Public Analysis Database of MadAnalysis 5 for which signal region combination is currently available, and 2.) by a case study for an MSSM scenario in which both stops and sbottoms can be produced and have a variety of decays into charginos and neutralinos.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.(2023)·15 citations
4. 04*

   Composite scalar boson mass dependence on the constituent mass anomalous dimension

   A. Doff🇧🇷 · A. A. Natale🇧🇷

   We perform a Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) evaluation of composite scalar boson masses in order to verify how these masses can be smaller than the composition scale. The calculation is developed with a constituent self-energy dependent on its mass anomalous dimension ($\gamma$), and we obtain a relation showing how the scalar mass decreases as $\gamma$ is increased. We also discuss how fermionic corrections to the BSE kernel shall decrease the scalar mass, whose effect can be as important as the one of a large $\gamma$. An estimate of the top quark loop effect that must appear in the BSE calculation gives a lower bound on the composite scalar mass.

   hep-phhep-latInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·1 citation
5. 05*

   A New Derivation of the Twist-3 Gluon Fragmentation Contribution to Polarized Hyperon Production

   Riku Ikarashi🇯🇵 · Yuji Koike🇯🇵 · Kenta Yabe🇯🇵 · Shinsuke Yoshida🇨🇳

   A novel method of formulating the twist-3 gluon fragmentation function contribution to hyperon polarization in the proton-proton collision is presented. The method employs a covariant gauge and takes full advantage of the Ward-Takahashi identities before performing the collinear expansion. It provides a robust way of constructing the general cross section formula, and also a clear understanding for the absence of the ghost-like terms in the twist-3 cross section in the leading order with respect to the QCD coupling constant.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·8 citations
6. 06*

   Effective spectral function of vector mesons via lifetime analysis

   Renan Hirayama🇩🇪 · Jan Staudenmaier🇩🇪 · Hannah Elfner🇩🇪

   Effective spectral functions of the $\rho$ meson are reconstructed by considering the lifetimes inside different media using the hadronic transport SMASH (Simulating Many Accelerated Strongly-interacting Hadrons). Due to inelastic scatterings, resonance lifetimes are dynamically shortened (collisional broadening), even though the employed approach assumes vacuum resonance properties. Analyzing the $\rho$ meson lifetimes allows to quantify an effective broadening of the decay width and spectral function, which is important in order to distinguish dynamical effects from additional genuine medium modifications to the spectral functions, indicating e.g. an onset of chiral symmetry restoration. The broadening of the spectral function in a thermalized system is shown to be consistent with other theoretical calculations. The effective $\rho$ meson spectral function is also presented for the dynamical evolution of heavy-ion collisions, finding a clear correlation of the broadening to system size, which is explained by an observed dependence of the width on the local hadron density. Furthermore, the difference in the results between the thermal system and full collision dynamics is explored, which may point to non-equilibrium effects.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2023)·14 citations
7. 07*

   Flow correlations from a hydrodynamics model with dynamical freeze-out and initial conditions based on perturbative QCD and saturation

   H. Hirvonen🇫🇮 · K.J. Eskola🇫🇮 · H. Niemi🇫🇮

   We extend the applicability of the hydrodynamics, perturbative QCD and saturation -based EKRT (Eskola-Kajantie-Ruuskanen-Tuominen) framework for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions to peripheral collisions by introducing dynamical freeze-out conditions. As a new ingredient compared to the previous EKRT computations we also introduce a non-zero bulk viscosity. We compute various hadronic observables and flow correlations, including normalized symmetric cumulants, mixed harmonic cumulants and flow-transverse momentum correlations, and compare them against measurements from the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We demonstrate that the inclusion of the dynamical freeze-out and bulk viscosity allows a better description of the measured flow coefficients in peripheral collisions and enables the use of an extended centrality range when constraining the properties of QCD matter in the future.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2022)·18 citations
8. 08*

   Analytical dispersive parameterization for elastic scattering of spinless particles

   Igor Danilkin🇩🇪 · Volodymyr Biloshytskyi🇩🇪 · Xiu-Lei Ren🇩🇪 · Marc Vanderhaeghen🇩🇪

   In this paper, we present an improved parameterization of the elastic scattering of spin-0 particles, which is based on a dispersive representation for the inverse scattering amplitude. Besides being based on well known general principles, the requirement that the inverse amplitude should satisfy the dispersion relation significantly constrains its possible forms and have not been incorporated in the existing parameterizations so far. While the right-hand cut of the inverse scattering amplitude is controlled by unitarity, the contribution from the left-hand cut, which comes from the crossing symmetry, is commonly ignored or incorporated improperly. The latter is parameterized using the expansion in a suitably constructed conformal variable, which accounts for its analytic structure. The correct implementations of the Adler zero and threshold factors for angular momentum $J>0$ are discussed in detail as well. The amplitudes are written in a compact analytic form and provide a useful tool to analyze current and future lattice data in the elastic region improving upon the commonly used Breit-Wigner or K-matrix approaches.

   hep-phhep-latPRD(2023)·10 citations
9. 09*

   ${\chi }_c$ production in modified NRQCD

   Sudhansu S. Biswal🇮🇳 · Sushree S. Mishra🇮🇳 · K. Sridhar🇮🇳

   In a previous paper, we had modified Non-Relativistic QCD as it applies to quarkonium production by taking into account the effect of perturbative soft-gluon emission from the colour-octet quarkonium states. We tested the model by fitting the unknown non-perturbative parameter in the model from Tevatron data and using that to make parameter-free predictions for $J/\psi$ and ${\psi }^{\prime }$ production at the LHC. In this paper, we study ${\chi }_c$ production: we fit as before the unknown matrix-element using data from Tevatron. We, then, extend the results of the previous paper for $J/\psi$ production by calculating the effect of ${\chi }_c$ feed-down to the $J/\psi$ cross-section, which, by comparing with CMS results at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV, we demonstrate to be small. We have also computed ${\chi }_c^1$ and ${\chi }_c^2$ at $\sqrt{s}=$7 TeV and find excellent agreement with data from the ATLAS experiment.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·7 citations
10. 10*

    An alternative gauged $U(1{)}_R$ symmetric model in light of the CDF II $W$ boson mass anomaly

    Keiko I. Nagao🇯🇵 · Takaaki Nomura🇨🇳 · Hiroshi Okada🇰🇷

    We consider an explanation of CDF II W bosom mass anomaly by $Z-Z^{\prime }$ mixing with $U(1{)}_R$ gauge symmetry under which right-handed fermions are charged. It is found that $U(1{)}_R$ is preferred to be leptophobic to accommodate the anomaly while avoiding other experimental constraints. In such a case we require extra charged leptons to cancel quantum anomalies and the SM charged leptons get masses via interactions with the extra ones. These interactions also induce muon $g-2$ and lepton flavor violations. We discuss muon $g-2$, possible flavor constraints, neutrino mass generation via inverse seesaw mechanism, and collider physics regarding $Z^{\prime }$ production for parameter space explaining the W boson mass anomaly.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·7 citations
11. 11*

    Temperature dependence of the static quark diffusion coefficient

    Debasish Banerjee🇮🇳 · Rajiv Gavai🇮🇳 · Saumen Datta🇮🇳 · Pushan Majumdar🇮🇳

    The energy loss pattern of a low momentum heavy quark in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma can be understood in terms of a Langevin description. In thermal equilibrium, the motion can then be parametrized in terms of a single heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient kappa, which needs to be determined nonperturbatively. In this work, we study the temperature dependence of kappa for a static quark in a gluonic plasma, with a particular emphasis on the temperature range of interest for heavy ion collision experiments.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thNPA(2023)·39 citations
12. 12*

    Flavor Non-universal Vector Leptoquark Imprints in $K\to \pi \nu \bar{\nu }$ and $\Delta F=2$ Transitions

    Òscar L. Crosas🇨🇭 · Gino Isidori🇨🇭 · Javier M. Lizana🇨🇭 · Nudzeim Selimovic🇨🇭 · Ben A. Stefanek🇨🇭

    We analyze $K\to \pi \nu \bar{\nu }$ rates in a model with a TeV-scale leptoquark addressing $B$-meson anomalies, based on the flavor non-universal 4321 gauge group featuring third-generation quark-lepton unification. We show that, together with the tight bounds imposed by $\Delta F=2$ amplitudes, the present measurement of $\mathcal{B}(K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\nu \bar{\nu })$ already provides a non-trivial constraint on the model parameter space. In the minimal version of the model, the deviations from the Standard Model in $\mathcal{B}(K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\nu \bar{\nu })$ are predicted to be in close correlation with non-standard effects in the Lepton Flavor Universality ratios $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast }}$. With the help of future data, these correlations can provide a decisive test of the model.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·33 citations
13. 13*

    A Consistent Theory of Kinetic Mixing and the Higgs Low-Energy Theorem

    Martin Bauer🇬🇧 · Patrick Foldenauer🇬🇧

    Extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics with new Abelian gauge groups allow for kinetic mixing between the new gauge bosons and the hypercharge gauge boson, resulting in mixing with the photon. In many models the mixing with the hypercharge gauge boson captures only part of the kinetic mixing term with the photon, since the new gauge bosons can also mix with the neutral component of the $SU(2{)}_L$ gauge bosons. We take these contributions into account and present a consistent description of kinetic mixing for general Abelian gauge groups both in the electroweak symmetric and the broken phase. We identify an effective operator that captures the kinetic mixing with $SU(2{)}_L$ and demonstrate how renormalisable contributions arise if the charged fields only obtain their masses from electroweak symmetry breaking. For the first time, a low-energy theorem for the couplings of novel Abelian gauge bosons with the Standard Model Higgs boson is derived from the one-loop kinetic mixing amplitudes.

    hep-phhep-thPRL(2022)·35 citations
14. 14*

    Singlet and non-singlet three-loop massive form factors

    Matteo Fael🇩🇪 · Fabian Lange🇩🇪 · Kay Schönwald🇩🇪 · Matthias Steinhauser🇩🇪

    We consider Quantum Chromodynamics with external vector, axial-vector, scalar and pseudo-scalar currents and compute three-loop corrections to the corresponding vertex function taking into account massive quarks. We consider all non-singlet contributions as well as those singlet contributions where the external current couples to a massive quark loop. We apply a semi-numerical method which is based on expansions around singular and regular kinematical points. They are matched at intermediate values of the squared partonic center-of-mass energy $s$ which allows to cover the whole kinematic range for negative and positive values of $s$. Our method permits a systematic increase of the precision by varying the expansion depth and the choice of the intermediate matching points. In our current set-up we have at least seven significant digits for the finite contribution of all form factors. We present our results as a combination of series expansions and interpolation functions which allows for a straightforward use in practical applications.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·72 citations
15. 15*

    Neutrino Fast Flavor Instability in three dimensions for a Neutron Star Merger

    Evan Grohs🇺🇸 · Sherwood Richers🇺🇸 · Sean M. Couch🇺🇸 · Francois Foucart🇺🇸 · James P. Kneller🇺🇸 · G. C. McLaughlin🇺🇸

    The flavor evolution of neutrinos in core collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers is a critically important unsolved problem in astrophysics. Following the electron flavor evolution of the neutrino system is essential for calculating the thermodynamics of compact objects as well as the chemical elements they produce. Accurately accounting for flavor transformation in these environments is challenging for a number of reasons, including the large number of neutrinos involved, the small spatial scale of the oscillation, and the nonlinearity of the system. We take a step in addressing these issues by presenting a method which describes the neutrino fields in terms of angular moments. We apply our moment method to neutron star merger conditions and show it simulates fast flavor neutrino transformation in a region where this phenomenon is expected to occur. By comparing with particle-in-cell calculations we show that the moment method is able to capture the three phases of growth, saturation, and decoherence, and correctly predicts the lengthscale of the fastest growing fluctuations in the neutrino field.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRnucl-thPLB(2023)·63 citations
16. 16*

    Feynman diagrams in terms of on-shell propagators

    F. T. Brandt🇧🇷 · J. Frenkel🇧🇷 · D. G. C. McKeon🇨🇦

    It is shown that the usual expression for a Feynman diagram in terms of the Feynman propagator ${\Delta }_F(x-y)$ can be replaced by an equivalent expression involving the positive-energy on-shell propagator ${\Delta }^{+}(x-y)$, supplemented by appropriate functions associated with time-ordering. When this alternate way of expressing a Feynman diagram is Fourier transformed into momentum space, the momentum associated with each function ${\Delta }^{+}(x-y)$ is on-shell, and is only conserved at each vertex if an energy is attributed to the contributions of the time-ordering functions. The resulting expression is analogous to what Kadyshevsky had obtained by deriving an alternate expansion for the $S$--matrix. A detailed explanation of how this alternate expansion is derived is given, and it is shown how it provides a straightforward way of determining the imaginary part of a Feynman diagram, which makes it useful when using unitarity methods for computing a Feynman diagram. By considering a number of specific Feynman diagrams in self-interacting scalar models and in QED, we show how this alternate approach can be related to the old perturbation theory and can simplify direct calculations of Feynman diagrams.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2022)·0 citations
17. 17*

    Constraining the Barbero-Immirzi parameter from the duration of inflation in loop quantum cosmology

    L. N. Barboza🇧🇷 · G. L. L. W. Levy🇧🇷 · L. L. Graef🇧🇷 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷

    We revisit the predictions for the duration of the inflationary phase after the bounce in loop quantum cosmology. We present our analysis for different classes of inflationary potentials that include the monomial power-law chaotic type of potentials, the Starobinsky and the Higgs-like symmetry breaking potential with different values for the vacuum expectation value. Our setup can easily be extended to other forms of primordial potentials than the ones we have considered. Independently on the details of the contracting phase, if the dynamics starts sufficiently in the far past, the kinetic energy will come to dominate at the bounce, uniquely determining the amplitude of the inflaton at this moment. This will be the initial condition for the further evolution that will provide us with results for the number of e-folds from the bounce to the beginning of the accelerated inflationary regime and the subsequent duration of inflation. We also discuss under which conditions each model considered could lead to observable signatures on the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background or else be excluded for not predicting a sufficient amount of accelerated expansion. A first analysis is performed considering the standard value for the Barbero-Immirzi parameter obtained from black hole entropy calculations. In a second analysis, we consider the possibility of varying the value of this parameter, which is motivated by the fact that the Barbero-Immirzi parameter can be considered a free parameter of the underlying quantum theory in the context of loop quantum gravity. From this analysis, we obtain a lower limit for this parameter by requiring the minimum amount of inflationary expansion that makes the model consistent with the CMB observations. [abridged]

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·18 citations
18. 18*

    Equation of State at High-Baryon Density and Compact Stellar Objects

    Veronica Dexheimer🇺🇸

    In this contribution I review the connection between compact stars and high-baryon density matter, focusing on astrophysical observables for deconfinement to quark matter. I discuss modern ingredients, repositories, and constraints for the neutron-star equations of state. Finally, I draw comparisons between dense and hot matter created in neutron-star mergers and heavy-ion collisions, and the possibility of quantitatively establishing a link between them.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2023)·0 citations
19. 19*

    Holographic Schwinger effect in a rotating strongly coupled medium

    Yi-ze Cai🇨🇳 · Rui-ping Jing🇨🇳 · Zi-qiang Zhang🇨🇳

    We perform the potential analysis for the holographic Schwinger effect in a rotating deformed AdS black-hole background. We calculate the total potential of a quark-antiquark ($Q\bar{Q}$) pair in an external electric field and evaluate the critical electric field from Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action. It is shown that the inclusion of angular velocity decreases the potential barrier thus enhancing the Schwinger effect, opposite to the effect of the confining scale. Moreover, by increasing angular velocity decreases the critical electric field above which the pairs are produced freely without any suppression. Furthermore, we conclude that producing $Q\bar{Q}$ pairs would be easier in rotating medium.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phCPC(2022)·9 citations
20. 20*

    Lattice calculation of the short and intermediate time-distance hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon magnetic moment using twisted-mass fermions

    C. Alexandrou🇨🇾 · S. Bacchio🇨🇾 · P. Dimopoulos🇮🇹 · J. Finkenrath🇨🇾 · R. Frezzotti🇮🇹 · G. Gagliardi🇮🇹 · M. Garofalo🇩🇪 · K. Hadjiyiannakou🇨🇾 · B. Kostrzewa🇩🇪 · K. Jansen🇩🇪 · V. Lubicz🇮🇹 · M. Petschlies🇩🇪 and 4 other authors

    We present a lattice determination of the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{HVP}}$, in the so-called short and intermediate time-distance windows, $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{SD}}$ and $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{W}}$, defined by the RBC/UKQCD Collaboration [1]. We employ gauge ensembles produced by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) with $N_f=2+1+1$ flavors of Wilson-clover twisted-mass quarks with masses of all the dynamical quark flavors tuned close to their physical values. The simulations are carried out at three values of the lattice spacing equal to $\simeq 0.057,0.068$ and $0.080$ fm with spatial lattice sizes up to $L\simeq 7.6$~fm. For the short distance window we obtain $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{SD}}(\mathrm{ETMC})=69.27(34)\cdot 10^{-10}$, which is consistent with the recent dispersive value of $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{SD}}(e^{+}{e}^{-})=68.4(5)\cdot 10^{-10}$ [2]. In the case of the intermediate window we get the value $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{W}}(\mathrm{ETMC})=236.3(1.3)\cdot 10^{-10}$, which is consistent with the result $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{W}}(\mathrm{BMW})=236.7(1.4)\cdot 10^{-10}$ [3] by the BMW collaboration as well as with the recent determination by the CLS/Mainz group of $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{W}}(\mathrm{CLS})=237.30(1.46)\cdot 10^{-10}$ [4]. However, it is larger than the dispersive result of $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{W}}(e^{+}{e}^{-})=229.4(1.4)\cdot 10^{-10}$ [2] by approximately $3.6$ standard deviations. The tension increases to approximately $4.5$ standard deviations if we average our ETMC result with those by BMW and CLS/Mainz. Our accurate lattice results in the short and intermediate windows point to a possible deviation of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ cross section data with respect to Standard Model predictions in the low and intermediate energy regions, but not in the high energy region.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phPRD(2023)·315 citations
21. 21*

    Flavored aspects of QCD thermodynamics from Lattice QCD

    Olaf Kaczmarek🇩🇪

    We discuss recent progress in lattice QCD studies on various aspects involving strange quarks. Appropriate combinations of conserved net strange and net charm fluctuations and their correlations with other conserved charges provide evidence that in the hadronic phase so far unobserved hadrons contribute to the thermodynamics and need to be included in hadron resonance gas models. In the strange sector this leads to significant reductions of the chemical freeze-out temperature of strange hadrons. In this context, a discussion of data from heavy-ion collisions at SPS, RHIC and LHC on the chemical freeze-out of hadronic species is presented. It can be observed that a description of the thermodynamics of open strange and open charm degrees of freedom in terms of an uncorrelated hadron gas is valid only up to temperatures close to the chiral crossover temperature. This suggests that in addition to light and strange hadrons also open charm hadrons start to dissolve already close to the chiral crossover. Further indications that open charm mesons start to melt in the vicinity of $T_c$ is obtained from an analysis of screening masses, while in the charmonium sector these screening masses show a behavior compatible with a sequential melting pattern. At the end of this chapter we will discuss some basics of lattice gauge theory and Monte Carlo calculations. This will provide the required knowledge for performing first lattice calculations for SU(3) pure gauge theory and studying thermodynamic quantities in the exercises of this chapter.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phLect.Notes Phys.(2022)·2 citations
22. 22*

    Exotic hadron naming convention

    LHCb collaboration

    Many new exotic hadrons, that do not fit into the existing naming scheme for hadrons, have been discovered over the past few years. A new scheme is set out, extending the existing protocol, in order to provide a consistent naming convention for these newly discovered states, and other new hadrons that may be discovered in future.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph77 citations
23. 23*

    Towards a Sub-percent Precision Measurement of ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{13}$ with Reactor Antineutrinos

    Jinnan Zhang🇨🇳 · Jun Cao🇨🇳

    Measuring the neutrino mixing parameter \ensuremath{\sin^2\theta_{13}} to the sub-percent precision level could be necessary in the next ten years for the precision unitary test of the PMNS matrix. In this work, we discuss the possibility of such a measurement with reactor antineutrinos. We find that a single liquid scintillator detector on a reasonable scale could achieve the goal. We propose to install a detector of $\sim 10$\% energy resolution at about 2.0~km from the reactors with a JUNO-like overburden. The integrated luminosity requirement is about 150~$\mathrm{kton}\cdot \mathrm{GW}\cdot \mathrm{year}$, corresponding to 4 years' operation of a 4~kton detector near a reactor complex of 9.2 GW thermal power like Taishan reactor. Unlike the previous ${\theta }_{13}$ experiments with identical near and far detectors, which can suppress the systematics especially the rate uncertainty by the near-far relative measurement and the optimal baseline is at the first oscillation maximum of about 1.8~km, a single-detector measurement prefers to offset the baseline from the oscillation maximum. At low statistics $\lesssim 10$~$\mathrm{kton}\cdot \mathrm{GW}\cdot \mathrm{year}$, the rate uncertainty dominates the systematics, and the optimal baseline is about 1.3~km. At higher statistics, the spectral shape uncertainty becomes dominant, and the optimal baseline shifts to about 2.0~km. The optimal baseline keeps being $\sim 2.0$~km for an integrated luminosity up to $10^6$~$\mathrm{kton}\cdot \mathrm{GW}\cdot \mathrm{year}$. We have assumed that the TAO experiment will improve our understanding of the spectral shape uncertainty, which gives the highest precision measurement of reactor antineutrino spectrum for neutrino energy in the range of 3--6~MeV. We find that the optimal baseline is $\sim 2.9$~km with a flat input spectral shape uncertainty provided by the future summation or conversion methods' prediction.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phJHEP(2023)·6 citations
24. 24*

    The Galactic interstellar medium has a preferred handedness of magnetic misalignment

    Zhiqi Huang🇨🇳

    The Planck mission detected a positive correlation between the intensity ($T$) and $B$-mode polarization of the Galactic thermal dust emission. The $TB$ correlation is a parity-odd signal, whose statistical mean vanishes in models with mirror symmetry. Recent work has shown with strong evidence that local handedness of the misalignment between the dust filaments and the sky-projected magnetic field produces $TB$ signals. However, it remains unclear whether the observed global $TB$ signal is caused by statistical fluctuations of magnetic misalignment angles, or whether some parity-violating physics in the interstellar medium sets a preferred misalignment handedness. The present work aims to make a quantitative statement about how confidently the statistical-fluctuation interpretation is ruled out by filament-based simulations of polarized dust emission. We use the publicly available DUSTFILAMENTS code to simulate the dust emission from filaments whose magnetic misalignment angles are symmetrically randomized, and construct the probability density function of ${\xi }_p$, a weighted sum of $TB$ power spectrum. We find that Planck data has a $\gtrsim 10\sigma$ tension with the simulated ${\xi }_p$ distribution. Our results strongly support that the Galactic filament misalignment has a preferred handedness, whose physical origin is yet to be identified.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1Universe(2022)·4 citations
25. 25*

    Space and time transformations with a minimal length

    Pasquale Bosso🇨🇦

    Phenomenological studies of quantum gravity have proposed a modification of the commutator between position and momentum in quantum mechanics so to introduce a minimal uncertainty in position in quantum mechanics. Such a minimal uncertainty and the consequent minimal measurable length have important consequences on the dynamics of quantum systems. In the present work, we show that such consequences go beyond dynamics, reaching the definition of quantities such as energy, momentum, and the same Hamiltonian. Furthermore, since the Hamiltonian, defined as the generator of time evolution, results to be bounded, a minimal length implies a minimal time.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phClass.Quant.Grav.(2023)·10 citations
26. 26*

    Correlation functions of the Bjorken flow in the holographic Schwinger-Keldysh approach

    Avik Banerjee🇮🇳 · Toshali Mitra🇮🇳 · Ayan Mukhopadhyay🇮🇳

    One of the outstanding problems in the holographic approach to many-body physics is the explicit computation of correlation functions in nonequilibrium states. We provide a new and simple proof that the horizon cap prescription of Crossley-Glorioso-Liu for implementing the thermal Schwinger-Keldysh contour in the bulk is consistent with the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger periodicity and the ingoing boundary condition for the retarded propagator at any arbitrary frequency and momentum. The generalization to the hydrodynamic Bjorken flow is achieved by a Weyl rescaling in which the dual black hole's event horizon attains a constant surface gravity and area at late time although the directions longitudinal and transverse to the flow expands and contract respectively. The dual state's temperature and entropy density thus become constants (instead of the perfect fluid expansion) although no time-translation symmetry emerges at late time. Undoing the Weyl rescaling, the correlation functions can be computed systematically in a large proper time expansion in inverse powers of the average of the two reparametrized proper time arguments. The horizon cap has to be pinned to the nonequilibrium event horizon so that regularity and consistency conditions are satisfied. Consequently, in the limit of perfect fluid expansion, the Schwinger-Keldysh correlation functions with space-time reparametrized arguments are simply thermal at an appropriate temperature. A generalized bilocal thermal structure holds to all orders. We argue that the Stokes data (which are functions rather than constants) for the hydrodynamic correlation functions can decode the quantum fluctuations behind the horizon cap pinned to the evolving event horizon, and thus the initial data.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.str-elgr-qc+1PRResearch(2023)·7 citations
27. 27*

    Analyzing Planar Galactic Halo Distributions with Fuzzy/Cold Dark Matter Models

    Sangnam Park🇰🇷 · Dongsu Bak🇰🇷 · Jae-Weon Lee🇰🇷 · Inkyu Park🇰🇷

    We perform a numerical comparison between the fuzzy dark matter model and the cold dark matter model, focusing on formation of satellite galaxy planes around massive galaxies. Such galactic dynamics with controlled initial subhalo configurations are investigated using GADGET2 for the cold dark matter and PyUltraLight for the fuzzy dark matter, respectively. We demonstrate that satellite galaxies in the fuzzy dark matter side have a tendency to form more flattened and corotating satellite systems than in the cold dark matter side mainly due to the dissipation by the gravitational cooling effect of the fuzzy dark matter. Our simulations with the fuzzy dark matter typically show the minor-to-major axis ratio $c/a$ of the satellite galaxy planes to be $0.21\sim 0.30$; This well matches the current observed value for the Milky Way.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phJCAP(2022)·11 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.