Wed·Jun 8, 2022Wednesday·June 8, 2022

1. 01*

   The $\varphi p$ bound state in the unitary coupled-channel approximation

   Bao-Xi Sun🇨🇳 · Ying-Ying Fan🇨🇳 · Qin-Qin Cao🇨🇳

   The strong attractive interaction of the $\varphi$ meson and the proton is reported by ALICE collaboration recently. The corresponding scattering length $f_0$ is given as $Re(f_0)=0.85\pm 0.34(stat)\pm 0.14(syst)$fm and $Im(f_0)=0.16\pm 0.10(stat)\pm 0.09(syst)$fm. The fact that the real part is significant in contrast to the imaginary part indicates a dominate role of the elastic scattering, whereas the inelastic process is less important. In this work, such scattering processes are inspected based on a unitary coupled-channel approach inspired by Bethe-Salpeter equation. The $\varphi p$ scattering length is calculated based on this approach, and it is found that the experimental value of the $\varphi p$ scattering length can be obtained only if the attractive interaction of the $\varphi$ meson and the proton is taken into account. A significant outcome of such attractive interaction is a two-pole structure in the $\varphi p$ scattering amplitude. One of the pole, locating at $(1969-i283)$~MeV might correspond to $N(1895)1/2^{-}$ or $N(1875)3/2^{-}$ listed in the review of the Particle Data Group(PDG). The other one, locating at $1949-i3$~MeV should be a $\varphi N$ bound state, which has no counterpart in the PDG data.

   hep-phCommun.Theor.Phys.(2023)·13 citations
2. 02*

   Multi-Scale 5D Models for Flavor Hierarchies and Anomalies

   Ben A. Stefanek🇨🇭

   So-called 4321 gauge models at the TeV scale with hierarchical couplings reminiscent of the Standard Model Yukawas offer a coherent combined explanation of the recent $B$-meson anomalies. In these proceedings, based on arXiv:2203.01952, we discuss how such models could arise from a multi-scale theory of flavor, based on a warped fifth dimension with three branes. This higher dimensional construction provides a natural description of flavor hierarchies, addresses the electroweak hierarchy problem, and allows for the Higgs to be identified as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson emerging from the same dynamics responsible for the breaking of 4321 gauge symmetry.

   hep-phNuovo Cim.C(2022)·2 citations
3. 03*

   Event shape Engineering analysis of D meson in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions

   Maria Lucia Sambataro (1 and 2)🇮🇹 · Yifeng Sun (1 and 2 and 3)🇨🇳 · Vincenzo Minissale (1 and 2)🇮🇹 · Salvatore Plumari (1 and 2)🇮🇹 · Vincenzo Greco (1 and 2) ((1) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 1-95125 Catania, Italy,(2) Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, Via S. Sofia 62, I-95123 Catania, Italy,(3) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, and Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)🇮🇹

   We describe the propagation of charm quarks in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by means of an event-by-event transport approach. In our calculations the non-perturbative interaction between heavy quarks and light quarks has been taken into account through a quasi-particle approach with thermal light quark masses tuned to reproduce lQCD thermodynamics. We found that the flow observables $v_2$ and $v_3$ of D mesons are comparable with the experimental measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 ATeV in different ranges of centrality selections. The results are analyzed with Event-Shape Engineering technique. The comparison of the anisotropic flow coefficients $v_n$ with experimental data show a quite well agreement with experimental data for different flow vector $q_2$ selections, which confirms the strong coupling between charm quarks and light quarks in the QCD matter. Furthermore, we present here a novel study of the event-by-event correlations between flow harmonics of $D$ mesons and soft hadrons at LHC energy with the Event-Shape Engineering technique that can put further constraints on heavy quark transport coefficients toward a solid comparison between the phenomenological determination and the lattice QCD calculations.

   hep-phEPJC(2022)·32 citations
4. 04*

   Separating Diffractive and Non-Diffractive events in High energy Collisions at LHC energies

   Sadhana Dash🇮🇳 · Nirbhay Behera🇮🇳 · Basanta Nandi🇮🇳

   The charged particle multiplicity distribution in high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions receive contribution from both diffractive and non diffractive processes. It is experimentally challenging to segregate diffractive events from non-diffractive events. The present work aims to separate and extract the charged particle multiplicity distribution of diffractive and non-diffractive events in hadronic collisions at LHC energies. A data driven model using the topic modelling statistical tool, DEMIX, has been used to demonstrate the proof of concept for p p collisions at 7 TeV generated by Pythia 8 event generator. The study suggests that DEMIX technique can be used to extract the underlying base distributions and fractions for experimental observables pertaining to diffractive and non-diffractive events at LHC energies and can therefore be used as a step forward for an experimental determination of precise inelastic cross-sections in pp collisions.

   hep-ph0 citations
5. 05*

   Hadronic medium effects on $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ production in heavy-ion collisions

   L. M. Abreu🇧🇷 · F. S. Navarra🇧🇷 · H. P. L. Vieira

   In this work we study the interactions of the multiquark state $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ with light mesons in a hot hadron gas. Using an Effective Lagrangian framework, we estimate the vacuum cross sections as well as the thermal cross sections of the production processes ${\bar{D}}_s^{(\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )}\to Z_{cs}^{-}X(X=\pi ,K,\eta )$ and the corresponding inverse reactions. The results indicate that the considered processes have sizeable cross sections. Most importantly, the thermal cross sections for $Z_{cs}$ annihilation are much larger than those for production. This feature might produce relevant effects on some observables, such as the final $Z_{cs}$ multiplicity, measured in heavy ion collisions.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·7 citations
6. 06*

   Soft-photon radiation in high-energy proton-proton collisions within the tensor-Pomeron approach: Bremsstrahlung

   Piotr Lebiedowicz🇵🇱 · Otto Nachtmann🇩🇪 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

   We discuss diffractive processes in proton-proton collisions at small momentum transfers without and with photon radiation. We consider the soft exclusive reactions $pp\to pp$, $p\bar{p}\to p\bar{p}$, and $pp\to pp\gamma$ within the tensor-pomeron and vector-odderon approach. We compare our results with the data for $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ total cross sections, for the ratio of real to imaginary part of the forward scattering amplitude, and for the elastic $pp$ cross sections, especially those from TOTEM. To describe the low-energy data more accurately the secondary reggeons must be included. We write down the amplitudes for the photon bremsstrahlung in high-energy proton-proton collisions using the tensor-pomeron model. These results are relevant for the c.m. energies presently available at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the LHC. We present predictions for the proposed measurements of soft photons with the planned future upgrade of the ALICE experiment at the LHC. We investigate the limits of applicability of the soft-photon approximation (SPA) based on Low's theorem. The corresponding SPA results are compared to those obtained from our complete model. The regions of phase space are given quantitatively where SPA and our complete tensor-pomeron results are close to each other. As an example, let $k_{\perp }$, $\mathrm{y}$, and $\omega$, be the absolute value of the transverse momentum, the rapidity, and the energy of the photon, respectively, in the overall c.m. system. For the region $1\mathrm{MeV}<k_{\perp }<100\mathrm{MeV}$ and $3.5<|y|<5.0$, we find that the SPA Ansatz with only the pole terms $\propto {\omega }^{-1}$ agrees at the percent level with our complete model result up to $\omega \cong 2$ GeV.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·15 citations
7. 07*

   Summarizing experimental sensitivities of collider experiments to dark matter models and comparison to other experiments

   Antonio Boveia🇺🇸 · Caterina Doglioni🇸🇪 · Boyu Gao🇺🇸 · Josh Greaves🇸🇪 · Philip Harris🇺🇸 · Katherine Pachal🇨🇦 · Etienne Dreyer🇮🇱 · Giuliano Gustavino🇨🇭 · Robert Harris🇺🇸 · Daniel Hayden🇺🇸 · Tetiana Hrynova🇫🇷 · Ashutosh Kotwal🇺🇸 and 10 other authors

   Comparisons of the coverage of current and proposed dark matter searches can help us to understand the context in which a discovery of particle dark matter would be made. In some scenarios, a discovery could be reinforced by information from multiple, complementary types of experiments; in others, only one experiment would see a signal, giving only a partial, more ambiguous picture; in still others, no experiment would be sensitive and new approaches would be needed. In this whitepaper, we present an update to a similar study performed for the European Strategy Briefing Book performed within the dark matter at the Energy Frontier (EF10) Snowmass Topical Group We take as a starting point a set of projections for future collider facilities and a method of graphical comparisons routinely performed for LHC DM searches using simplified models recommended by the LHC Dark Matter Working Group and also used for the BSM and dark matter chapters of the European Strategy Briefing Book. These comparisons can also serve as launching point for cross-frontier discussions about dark matter complementarity.

   hep-phhep-ex12 citations
8. 08*

   Energizing gamma ray bursts via $Z^{\prime }$ mediated neutrino heating

   Tanmay Kumar Poddar🇮🇳 · Srubabati Goswami🇮🇳 · Arvind Kumar Mishra🇮🇳

   The pair annihilation of neutrinos $(\nu \overline{\nu }\to e^{+}{e}^{-})$ can energize violent stellar explosions such as gamma ray bursts (GRBs). The energy in this neutrino heating mechanism can be further enhanced by modifying the background spacetime over that of Newtonian spacetime. However, one cannot attain the maximum GRB energy $(\sim 10^{52}\mathrm{erg})$ in either the Newtonian background or Schwarzschild and Hartle-Thorne background. On the other hand, using modified gravity theories or the Quintessence field as background geometries, the maximum GRB energy can be reached. In this paper, we consider extending the standard model by an extra $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ gauge group and augmenting the energy deposition by neutrino pair annihilation process including contributions mediated by the $Z^{\prime }$ gauge boson belonging to this model. From the observed energy of GRB, we obtain constraints on $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ gauge coupling in different background spacetimes. We find that the bounds on gauge coupling in modified gravity theories and quintessence background are stronger than those coming from the neutrino-electron scattering experiments in the limit of small gauge boson masses. Future GRB observations with better accuracy can further strengthen these bounds.

   hep-phastro-ph.COEPJC(2023)·7 citations
9. 09*

   Heavy quark diffusion coefficient with gradient flow

   Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Viljami Leino🇩🇪 · Julian Mayer-Steudte🇩🇪 · Peter Petreczky🇺🇸

   We calculate chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic correlators in quenched QCD at $1.5T_c$ and $10^4{T}_c$ with the aim to estimate the heavy quark diffusion coefficient at leading order in the inverse heavy quark mass expansion, ${\kappa }_E$, as well as the coefficient of first mass suppressed correction, ${\kappa }_B$. We use gradient flow for noise reduction. At $1.5T_c$ we obtain: $1.70\le {\kappa }_E/T^3\le 3.12$ and $1.03<{\kappa }_B/T^3<2.61$. The latter implies that the mass suppressed effects in the heavy quark diffusion coefficient are 20% for bottom quarks and 34% for charm quark at this temperature.

   ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·50 citations
10. 10*

    Delta baryons in neutron stars

    Kauan D. Marquez🇧🇷 · Helena Pais🇵🇹 · Débora P. Menezes🇧🇷 · Constança Providência🇵🇹

    By applying a relativistic mean-field description of neutron star matter with density dependent couplings, we analyse the properties of two different matter compositions: nucleonic matter with delta baryons and nucleonic matter with hyperons and delta baryons. The delta-meson couplings are allowed to vary within a wide range of values obtained by experimental data, while the hyperon-meson couplings are fitted to hypernuclear properties. Neutron star properties with no deconfinement phase transition are studied. It is verified that many models are excluded because the effective nucleon mass becomes zero before the maximum mass configuration is attained. Hyperon-free with delta-dominated composition compact stars are possible, the deltic stars. It is found that with a convenient choice of parameters the existence of deltic stars with 80% of delta baryons at the center of the star is possible. However, the presence of hyperons lowers the delta baryon fraction to values below 20% at the center and below 30% at 2-3 saturation densities. It is discussed that in the presence of delta baryons, the hyperon softening is not so drastic because deltas couple more strongly to the $\omega$-meson, and the stiffness of the equation of state is determined by the $\omega$-dominance at high densities. The speed of sound reflects very well this behavior. The compactness of the pulsar RX J0720.4-3125 imposes $x_{\sigma \Delta }>x_{\omega \Delta }>1$ and favors $x_{\rho \Delta }>1$.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phPRC(2022)·33 citations
11. 11*

    Study of three-flavored heavy dibaryons using lattice QCD

    Parikshit Junnarkar🇩🇪 · Nilmani Mathur🇮🇳

    We present results of the first lattice QCD calculation of three-flavored heavy dibaryons both in the flavor-symmetric and antisymmetric channels. These dibaryons have spin zero, and are constructed using various possible combinations of quark flavors with at least one of them as the charm or the bottom quark, i.e., namely, $H_c(cudcud),H_b(budbud),H_{bcs}(bcsbcs)$, $H_{csl}(cslcsl),H_{bsl}(bslbsl)$ and $H_{bcl}(bclbcl)$; $l\in u,d$. We compute the ground state masses of these dibaryons and the calculations are performed on three $N_f=2+1+1$ HISQ gauge ensembles of the MILC collaboration, with lattice spacings $a=$ 0.1207, 0.0888 and 0.0582 fm. A relativistic overlap action is employed for the valence light to charm quarks while a non-relativistic-QCD Hamiltonian with improved coefficients is used for the bottom quarks. Unlike the doubly heavy tetraquarks, one and two-flavored heavy dibaryons, for which lattice QCD calculations have predicted deeply bound strong-interactions-stable states, for these $H_c,H_b,H_{csl},H_{bsl}$ dibaryons we do not find any such deeply bound state. However, for $H_{bcs}$, our results indicate the presence of an energy level $29\pm 24$ MeV below the lowest two-baryon threshold, which could be relevant for its future experimental searches. Moreover, we find that the energy difference between the ground state of $H_{bcl}$ and its lowest threshold increases when $m_l>m_s$. Taken together, our findings indicate the possibility of the existence of the $H_{bcs}$ dibaryon while all other physical three-flavored dibaryons are much closer to their thresholds suggesting either they are weakly bound or unbound, resolving which requires further detail study. Our results also point that the binding of a dibaryon configuration becomes stronger with the increase of its valence quark masses which suggests an interesting aspect of strong interactions at multiple scales.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·24 citations
12. 12*

    The Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx): Search for axions at 90 GHz with Kinetic Inductance Detectors

    Beatriz Aja · Sergio Arguedas Cuendis · Ivan Arregui · Eduardo Artal · R. Belén Barreiro · Francisco J. Casas · Maria C. de Ory · Alejandro Díaz-Morcillo · Luisa de la Fuente · Juan Daniel Gallego · José María García-Barceló · Benito Gimeno and 24 other authors

    We propose a novel experiment, the Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx), to probe dark matter axions with masses in the range 330-460 $\mu$eV, within the W-band (80-110 GHz), an unexplored parameter space in the well-motivated dark matter window of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) axions. The experimental design consists of a microwave resonant cavity haloscope in a high static magnetic field coupled to a highly sensitive detecting system based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors via optimized quasi-optics (horns and mirrors). The experiment is in preparation and will be installed in the dilution refrigerator of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. Sensitivity forecasts for axion detection with CADEx, together with the potential of the experiment to search for dark photons, are presented.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-phphysics.ins-detJCAP(2022)·60 citations
13. 13*

    Search for a light muon-philic $Z^{\prime }$ with the NA64-$e$ experiment at CERN

    Yu. M. Andreev🇷🇺 · D. Banerjee🇨🇭 · B. Banto Oberhauser🇨🇭 · J. Bernhard🇨🇭 · P. Bisio🇮🇹 · M. Bondì🇮🇹 · V. E. Burtsev🇷🇺 · A. Celentano🇮🇹 · N. Charitonidis🇨🇭 · A. G. Chumakov🇷🇺 · D. Cooke🇬🇧 · P. Crivelli🇨🇭 and 49 other authors

    The extension of Standard Model made by inclusion of additional $U(1)$ gauge $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ symmetry can explain the difference between the measured and the predicted value of the muon magnetic moment and solve the tension in $B$ meson decays. This model predicts the existence of a new, light $Z^{\prime }$ vector boson, predominantly coupled to second and third generation leptons, whose interaction with electrons is due to a loop mechanism involving muons and taus. In this work, we present a rigorous evaluation of the upper limits in the $Z^{\prime }$ parameter space, obtained from the analysis of the data collected by the NA64-$e$ experiment at CERN SPS, that performed a search for light dark matter with $2.84\times 10^{11}$ electrons impinging with 100 GeV on an active thick target. The resulting limits, despite being included in a region already investigated by neutrino experiments,touch the muon $g-2$ preferred band for values of the $Z^{\prime }$ mass of order of 1 MeV. The sensitivity projections for the future high-statistics NA64-$e$ runs demonstrate the power of the electrons/positron beam approach in this theoretical scenario.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2022)·35 citations
14. 14*

    Toward Cosmological Standard Timers in Primordial Black Hole Binaries

    Qianhang Ding🇨🇳

    We propose that primordial black hole (PBH) binary systems can lead to standard timers in tracking the evolution of the Universe. Through gravitational waves from monochromatic PBH binaries, the probability distribution on major axis and eccentricity from the same redshift is obtained. By studying the dynamical evolution of PBH binaries from the initial probability distribution to observed redshifted ones, the redshift-time calibration can be extracted, which can constrain cosmological models. A general formalism of the standard timer is further concluded based on the evolution of statistical distribution in dynamical systems.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·3 citations
15. 15*

    Static Energy in ($2+1+1$)-Flavor Lattice QCD: Scale Setting and Charm Effects

    TUMQCD Collaboration: Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Rafael L. Delgado🇪🇸 · Andreas S. Kronfeld🇺🇸 · Viljami Leino🇩🇪 · Peter Petreczky🇺🇸 · Sebastian Steinbeißer🇩🇪 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪 · Johannes H. Weber🇩🇪

    We present results for the static energy in ($2+1+1$)-flavor QCD over a wide range of lattice spacings and several quark masses, including the physical quark mass, with ensembles of lattice-gauge-field configurations made available by the MILC Collaboration. We obtain results for the static energy out to distances of nearly $1$~fm, allowing us to perform a simultaneous determination of the scales $r_1$ and $r_0$, as well as the string tension $\sigma$. For the smallest three lattice spacings we also determine the scale $r_2$. Our results for $r_0/r_1$ and $r_0\sqrt{\sigma }$ agree with published ($2+1$)-flavor results. However, our result for $r_1/r_2$ differs significantly from the value obtained in the ($2+1$)-flavor case, which is most likely due to the effect of the charm quark. We also report results for $r_0$, $r_1$, and $r_2$ in~fm, with the former two being slightly lower than published ($2+1$)-flavor results. We study in detail the effect of the charm quark on the static energy by comparing our results on the finest two lattices with the previously published ($2+1$)-flavor QCD results at similar lattice spacing. We find that for $r>0.2$~fm our results on the static energy agree with the ($2+1$)-flavor result, implying the decoupling of the charm quark for these distances. For smaller distances, on the other hand, we find that the effect of the dynamical charm quark is noticeable. The lattice results agree well with the two-loop perturbative expression of the static energy incorporating finite charm mass effects. This is the first time that the decoupling of the charm quark is observed and quantitatively analyzed on lattice data of the static energy.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·32 citations
16. 16*

    A 4D IIB Flux Vacuum and Supersymmetry Breaking. I. Fermionic Spectrum

    J. Mourad🇫🇷 · A. Sagnotti🇮🇹

    We consider the type-IIB supergravity vacua that include an internal $T^5$, depend on a single coordinate $r$ and respect a four-dimensional Poincaré symmetry, with the aim of highlighting low-energy spectra with broken supersymmetry and a bounded string coupling. These vacua are characterized by the flux $\Phi$ of the self-dual five form in the internal torus, the length $\ell$ of the interval described by the coordinate $r$, a dilaton profile that is inevitably constant and a strictly positive dimensionless parameter $h$. As $\ell \to \infty$ while retaining finite values for $\Phi$ and $\ell h^{-\frac{5}{4}}$, half of the original ten-dimensional supersymmetry is recovered, while finite values of $\ell$ break it completely. In the large-$\ell$ limit one boundary disappears but the other is still present, and is felt as a BPS orientifold by a probe brane. In this paper we focus on the fermionic zero modes and show that, although supersymmetry is broken for finite values of $\ell$, they are surprisingly those of four-dimensional $N=4$ supergravity coupled to five vector multiplets. The gravitini can acquire masses via radiative corrections, absorbing four of the massless spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ modes.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2022)·24 citations
17. 17*

    Axionic Festina Lente

    Veronica Guidetti🇩🇪 · Nicole Righi🇩🇪 · Victoria Venken🇩🇪 · Alexander Westphal🇩🇪

    The swampland conjecture known as Festina Lente (FL) imposes a lower bound on the mass of all charged particles in a quasi-de Sitter space. In this paper, we propose the aFL (axionic Festina Lente) bound, an extension of FL to axion-like particles arising from type II string theory. We find that the product of the instanton action and the axion decay constant is bounded from below by the vacuum energy. This is achieved indirectly, using dimensional reduction on Calabi-Yau threefolds, and translating the FL result for dipoles into a purely geometric bound. We discuss axionic black holes evolution, and aFL constraints on Euclidean wormholes, showing that the gravitational arguments leading to the FL bound for U$(1)$ charged particles cannot be directly applied to axions. Moreover, we discuss phenomenological implications of the aFL bound, including constraints on string inflation models and the axion-photon coupling via kinetic mixing.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phJHEP(2023)·19 citations
18. 18*

    Dark Matter Jets of Rotating Black Holes

    Ottavia Balducci🇩🇪 · Stefan Hofmann🇩🇪 · Maximilian Koegler🇩🇪

    We present a novel approach which produces Dark Matter jets along the rotation axis of Kerr black holes utilizing the Penrose process. The properties of these jets are investigated, as well as their potential to create Dark Matter overdensities in the solar system and in the vicinity of the black hole. We discover a highly collimated and long-range Dark Matter jet with a density that is most sensitive to the mass and distance to the black hole.

    ↳ gr-qchep-ph0 citations
19. 19*

    134 Billion Intersecting Brane Models

    Gregory J. Loges🇺🇸 · Gary Shiu🇺🇸

    The landscape of string vacua is very large, but generally expected to be finite in size. Enumerating the number and properties of the vacua is an important task for both the landscape and the swampland, in part to gain a deeper understanding of what is possible and "generic". We obtain an exact counting of distinct intersecting brane vacua of type IIA string theory on the ${\mathbb{T}}^6/{\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$ orientifold. Care is taken to only count gauge-inequivalent brane configurations. Leveraging the recursive nature by which branes may be added together one-by-one, we use dynamic programming to efficiently count the number of solutions of the tadpole, K-theory and supersymmetry consistency conditions. The distributions of 4D gauge group rank and complex structure moduli for the entire ensemble of intersecting brane vacua are presented. The methods we developed here may be useful in obtaining sharp upper and lower bounds on other corners of the landscape.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2022)·21 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.