Wed·Jun 1, 2022Wednesday·June 1, 2022

1. 01*

   Fresh look at experimental evidence for odderon exchange

   Zhu-Fang Cui🇨🇳 · Daniele Binosi🇮🇹 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳 · Sebastian M. Schmidt🇩🇪 · D. N. Triantafyllopoulos🇮🇹

   Theory suggests that in high-energy elastic hadron+hadron scattering, $t$-channel exchange of a family of colourless crossing-odd states -- the odderon -- may generate differences between $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ cross-sections in the neighbourhood of the diffractive minimum. Using a mathematical approach based on interpolation via continued fractions enhanced by statistical sampling, we develop robust comparisons between $p\bar{p}$ elastic differential cross-sections measured at $\surd s=1.96$TeV by the D0 Collaboration at the Tevatron and function-form-unbiased extrapolations to this energy of kindred $pp$ measurements at $\surd s/\mathrm{TeV}=2.76,7,8,13$ by the TOTEM Collaboration at the LHC and a combination of these data with earlier cross-section measurements at $\surd s/\mathrm{GeV}=23.5,30.7,44.7,52.8,62.5$ made at the internal storage rings. Focusing on a domain that straddles the diffractive minimum in the $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ cross-sections, we find that these two cross-sections differ at the $(2.2-2.6)\sigma$ level; hence, supply evidence with this level of significance for the existence of the odderon. If combined with evidence obtained through different experiment-theory comparisons, whose significance is reported to lie in the range $(3.4-4.6)\sigma$, one arrives at a $(4.0-5.2)\sigma$ signal for the odderon.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PLB(2023)·11 citations
2. 02*

   The solution to the `$1/2$ vs $3/2$' puzzle

   Guo-Li Wang🇨🇳 · Qiang Li🇨🇳 · Tianhong Wang🇨🇳 · Tai-Fu Feng🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Chao-Hsi Chang🇨🇳

   Using an almost complete relativistic method based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we study the mixing angle $\theta$, the mass splitting $△M$, the strong decay widths $\Gamma (D_1^{(\prime )})$ and the weak production rates $Br(B\to D_1^{(\prime )}\ell {\nu }_{\ell })$ of the $D_1(2420)$ and $D_1^{\prime }(2430)$. We find there is the strong cancellation between the ${}^1{P}_1$ and ${}^3{P}_1$ partial waves in $D_1^{\prime }(2430)$ with $\theta \sim -35.3^{\circ }$, which leads to the `$1/2$ vs $3/2$' puzzle. The puzzle can not be overcome by adding only relativistic corrections since in a large parameter range where $△M$ is linear varying and not small, the $\theta$, $\Gamma (D_1^{(\prime )})$ and $Br(B\to D_1^{(\prime )}\ell {\nu }_{\ell })$ remain almost unchanged but conflict with data. While in a special range around the mass inverse point where $△M=0$ and $\theta =\pm 90^{\circ }$, they change rapidly but we find the windows where $△M$, $\Gamma (D_1^{(\prime )})$ and $Br(B\to D_1^{(\prime )}\ell {\nu }_{\ell })$ are all consistent with data. The small $△M$ confirmed by experiment, is crucial to solve the `$1/2$ vs $3/2$' puzzle.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·8 citations
3. 03*

   Summary of Working Group 4: Mixing and mixing-related $CP$ violation in the $B$ system: $\Delta m$, $\Delta \Gamma$, ${\varphi }_s$, ${\varphi }_1/\beta$, ${\varphi }_2/\alpha$, ${\varphi }_3/\gamma$

   Veronika Chobanova🇪🇸 · Matthew Wingate🇬🇧 · Yosuke Yusa🇯🇵 · Jeremy Dalseno🇪🇸 · Kristof De Bruyn🇳🇱 · Ulrik Egede🇦🇺 · Fabio Ferrari🇮🇹 · Thibaud Humair🇩🇪 · Anna Lupato🇬🇧 · Eleftheria Malami🇳🇱 · Wenbin Qian🇨🇳 · Ramón Ángel Ruiz Fernández🇪🇸 and 3 other authors

   This summary reviews contributions to the CKM 2021 workshop in Working Group 4. In particular, theoretical and experimental progress in determining $B$ meson mixing properties are discussed.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPoS(2023)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Dark boson mediation of the ${\pi }^0\to \gamma e^{+}{e}^{-}$ decay

   M. Naydenov🇧🇬 · V. Kozhuharov🇧🇬

   The phenomenological implications to the decay of the neutral pion from the introduction of new dark particles are discussed. We calculate the contribution to the ${\pi }^0$ decay width and then we extend the theory by adding dark sector vector particles which interact through ${\gamma }^{\mu }$, ${\sigma }^{\mu \nu }$ and ${\sigma }^{\mu \nu }{\gamma }^5$. We calculate the total decay width of ${\pi }^0\to \gamma e^{+}{e}^{-}$ where the electron-positron pair is produced through a decay of a dark meson. The implication of the presented model on the present and future searches for new dark particles is also discussed.

   hep-phNPB(2022)·3 citations
5. 05*

   The role of multi-parton interactions in doubly-heavy hadron production

   Ulrik Egede🇦🇺 · Tom Hadavizadeh🇦🇺 · Minni Singla🇦🇺 · Peter Skands🇦🇺 · Mika Vesterinen🇬🇧

   Beauty and charm quarks are ideal probes of pertubative Quantum Chromodymanics in proton-proton collisions, owing to their large masses. In this paper the role of multi-parton interactions in the production of doubly-heavy hadrons is studied using simulation samples generated with Pythia, a Monte Carlo event generator. Comparisons are made to the stand-alone generators BcVegPy and GenXicc. New methods of speeding up Pythia simulations for events containing heavy quarks are described, enabling the production of large samples with multiple heavy-quark pairs. We show that significantly higher production rates of doubly-heavy hadrons are predicted in models that allow heavy quarks originating from different parton-parton interactions (within the same hadron-hadron collision) to combine to form such hadrons. Quantitative predictions are sensitive to the modelling of colour reconnections. We suggest a set of experimental measurements capable of differentiating these additional contributions.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·9 citations
6. 06*

   All-optical Quantum Vacuum Signals in Two-Beam Collision

   Holger Gies🇩🇪 · Felix Karbstein🇩🇪 · Leonhard Klar🇩🇪

   The fundamental theory of quantum electrodynamics predicts the vacuum to resemble a polarizable medium. This gives rise to effective nonlinear interactions between electromagnetic fields and light-by-light scattering phenomena. We study the collision of two optical laser pulses in a pump-probe setup using beams with circular and elliptic cross section and estimate the number of discernible signal photons induced by quantum vacuum nonlinearities. In this analysis we study strategies to optimize the quantum vacuum signal discernible from the background of the driving lasers. One of the main results is that the collision of two maximally focused lasers does not lead to the best discernible signal. Instead, widening the focus typically improves the signal to background separation in the far field.

   hep-phphysics.opticsquant-phPRD(2022)·17 citations
7. 07*

   Propagation of spin channel waves

   Jin Hu🇨🇳 · Zhe Xu🇨🇳

   A mutilated model is constructed to approximate the collision term of spin Boltzmann equation that incorporates newly appearing collisional invariants i.e, the total angular momentum. With recourse to degenerate perturbation theory, the dispersion relations of hydrodynamic modes are formulated, among which spin modes are responsible for spin equilibration. We find that the non-locality does not change the sound speed but slows down the propagation of spin channel waves. The damping rates of spin modes are close to those of spinless modes over a reasonable parameter value range. The results reveal that both spin and momentum should be treated simultaneously in a unified transport framework. In the nonrelativistic limit, the short-wavelength behavior for normal modes is also explored and there exists a critical point for every distinct discrete mode over which only quasiparticle modes contribute.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·11 citations
8. 08*

   Evolution equation for elastic scattering of hadrons

   Hiren Kakkad🇵🇱 · Anderson Kendi Kohara🇵🇱 · Piotr Kotko🇵🇱

   We turn high energy elastic scattering of hadrons into an initial value problem using an evolution equation based on the Regge Field Theory, which has a form of the complex nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation, with time being played by the logarithm of energy. The initial conditions are provided by the data-driven models for the real and imaginary parts of the amplitude. Numerical calculations of pp differential cross sections and forward quantities for LHC energies agree very well with experimental data extending up to, and including the diffractive cone. Furthermore, we show that at current accessible energies the non-linear effects play an important role, as the impact parameter space profiles approach the unitarity bound. The equation also predicts some other effects discussed in the literature, like the hollowness of nuclear matter or existence of stationary points in momentum transfer t.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·4 citations
9. 09*

   The MARTY user interface for the calculation of general Wilson coefficients

   G. Uhlrich🇫🇷

   The calculation of one-loop Wilson coefficients for general Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) scenarios is a technical challenge often addressed by doing long and error prone analytical calculations by hand. Several software programs already provide squared amplitude calculations at the loop-level, but few of them are also able to derive general loop-level Wilson coefficients necessary e.g. for the study of quark decays in flavor physics. MARTY, a computer program that automates tree-level and one-loop perturbative calculations for general BSM scenarios can in particular be used to obtain such Wilson coefficients. We present in details the simple user interface allowing to derive common Wilson coefficients in MARTY, and the most general use case of MARTY to extract the coefficient of any effective operator.

   hep-phPoS(2022)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Combined explanations of $B$-physics anomalies, $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ and neutrino masses by scalar leptoquarks

    Shao-Long Chen🇨🇳 · Wen-wen Jiang🇨🇳 · Ze-Kun Liu🇨🇳

    We extend the contents of the standard model (SM) by introducing TeV-scale scalar leptoquarks to generate neutrino masses and explain some current observed deviations from the SM predictions, including the anomalous magnetic moments of charged leptons (electron and muon) and $B$-physics anomalies ($R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ and $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$). The model consists of $\text{SU}(2{)}_L$ singlet leptoquark $S_1\sim (\bar{3},1,1/3)$, doublet leptoquark ${\tilde{R}}_2\sim (3,2,1/6)$ and triplet leptoquark $S_3\sim (\bar{3},3,1/3)$. We combine the constraints arising from the low-energy lepton flavor violation, meson decay and mixing observables. We perform a detailed phenomenological analysis and identify the minimized texture of leptoquark Yukawa matrices to accommodate a unified explanation of the anomalies and neutrino oscillation data.

    hep-phEPJC(2022)·26 citations
11. 11*

    A parton branching with transverse momentum dependent splitting functions

    F. Hautmann🇧🇪 · M. Hentschinski🇲🇽 · L. Keersmaekers🇧🇪 · A. Kusina🇵🇱 · K. Kutak🇵🇱 · A. Lelek🇧🇪

    Off-shell, transverse-momentum dependent splitting functions can be defined from the high-energy limit of partonic decay amplitudes. Based on these splitting functions, we construct Sudakov form factors and formulate a new parton branching algorithm. We present a first Monte Carlo implementation of the algorithm. We use the numerical results to verify explicitly momentum sum rules for TMD parton distributions.

    hep-phPLB(2022)·25 citations
12. 12*

    Resummation Scales and the Assessment of Theoretical Uncertainties in Parton Distribution Functions

    V. Bertone🇫🇷 · G. Bozzi🇮🇹 · F. Hautmann🇧🇪

    We discuss perturbative solutions of renormalization group equations, and propose the use of resummation scale techniques in assessing theoretical uncertainties on the extraction of parton distribution functions from data.

    hep-ph6 citations
13. 13*

    Neutral pseudoscalar and vector meson masses under strong magnetic fields in an extended NJL model: mixing effects

    J.P. Carlomagno🇦🇷 · D. Gomez Dumm🇦🇷 · S. Noguera🇪🇸 · N.N. Scoccola🇦🇷

    Mixing effects on the mass spectrum of light neutral pseudoscalar and vector mesons in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field $\vec{B}$ are studied in the framework of a two-flavor NJL-like model. The model includes isoscalar and isovector couplings both in the scalar-pseudoscalar and vector sectors, and also incorporates flavor mixing through a 't Hooft-like term. Numerical results for the $B$ dependence of meson masses are compared with present lattice QCD results. In particular, it is shown that the mixing between pseudoscalar and vector meson states leads to a significant reduction of the mass of the lightest state. The role of chiral symmetry and the effect of the alignment of quark magnetic moments in the presence of the magnetic field are discussed.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·25 citations
14. 14*

    Sensitivity to New Physics in final states with multiple gauge and Higgs bosons

    Alessandra Cappati🇫🇷 · Roberto Covarelli🇮🇹 · Paolo Torrielli🇮🇹 · Marco Zaro🇮🇹

    We analyse the sensitivity to beyond-the-Standard-Model effects of hadron-collider processes involving the interaction of two electroweak and two Higgs bosons, VVHH, with V being either a W or a Z boson. We examine current experimental results by the CMS collaboration in the context of a dimension-8 extension of the Standard Model in an effective-field-theory formalism. We show that constraints from vector-boson-fusion Higgs-pair production on operators that modify the Standard Model VVHH interactions are already comparable with or more stringent than those quoted in the analysis of vector-boson-scattering final states. We study the modifications of such constraints when introducing unitarity bounds, and investigate the potential of new experimental final states, such as ZHH associated production. Finally, we show perspectives for the high-luminosity phase of the LHC.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·8 citations
15. 15*

    A lattice QCD perspective on weak decays of b and c quarks Snowmass 2022 White Paper

    Peter A. Boyle🇺🇸 · Bipasha Chakraborty🇬🇧 · Christine T.H. Davies🇬🇧 · Thomas DeGrand🇺🇸 · Carleton DeTar🇺🇸 · Luigi Del Debbio🇬🇧 · Aida X. El-Khadra🇺🇸 · Felix Erben🇬🇧 · Jonathan M. Flynn🇬🇧 · Elvira Gámiz🇪🇸 · Davide Giusti🇩🇪 · Steven Gottlieb🇺🇸 and 23 other authors

    Lattice quantum chromodynamics has proven to be an indispensable method to determine nonperturbative strong contributions to weak decay processes. In this white paper for the Snowmass community planning process we highlight achievements and future avenues of research for lattice calculations of weak $b$ and $c$ quark decays, and point out how these calculations will help to address the anomalies currently in the spotlight of the particle physics community. With future increases in computational resources and algorithmic improvements, percent level (and below) lattice determinations will play a central role in constraining the standard model or identifying new physics.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-ph30 citations
16. 16*

    Gravitational wave constraints on extended dark matter structures

    Djuna Croon🇬🇧 · Seyda Ipek🇨🇦 · David McKeen🇨🇦

    We generalise existing constraints on primordial black holes to dark objects with extended sizes using the aLIGO design sensitivity. We show that LIGO is sensitive to dark objects with radius $O(10-10^3\mathrm{km})$ if they make up more than $\sim O(10^{-2}-10^{-3})$ of dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·15 citations
17. 17*

    Constraining mass of the graviton with GW170817

    Andrey A. Shoom🇩🇪 · Sumit Kumar🇩🇪 · N. V. Krishnendu🇩🇪

    We consider the massive graviton phenomenological model based on the graviton's dispersion terms included into phase of gravitational wave's waveform. Such model was already considered in many works but it was based on a single leading-order dispersion term only. Here we derive a relation between relativistic gravitons emission and absorption time intervals computed up to $\mathcal{O}({\gamma }^{-6})$, where $\gamma$ is the Lorentz factor. Including the dispersion terms into the phase of gravitational wave's waveform results in two non-GR parameters of the $1^{st}$ and the $-2^{nd}$ post-Newtonian orders whose posteriors are used to put a constraint on the graviton's rest mass. We use the TaylorF2 waveform model to analyse the event GW170817 and report the following $95\%$-confidence upper bounds on the graviton's rest mass: $m_g^{LowSpin}\le 1.305\times 10^{-54}$g and $m_g^{HighSpin}\le 2.996\times 10^{-54}$g for the high and low spin priors.

    ↳ gr-qchep-ph10 citations
18. 18*

    Simulation of Lindblad equations for quarkonium in the quark-gluon plasma

    Takahiro Miura🇯🇵 · Yukinao Akamatsu🇯🇵 · Masayuki Asakawa🇯🇵 · Yukana Kaida🇯🇵

    We study the properties of the Lindbladian quantum mechanical evolution of quarkonia with non-Abelian charges (color-singlet and octet) in the quark-gluon plasma. We confirm that heavy quark recoils in the Lindblad equation correctly thermalize quarkonium colorful states within statistical errors from the simulation method. We also demonstrate that the Lindblad equation in the dipole limit can provide an efficient alternative method, which is applicable to a finite time evolution before thermalization and dramatically reduces the numerical cost. Our findings will serve as a foundation for large-scale simulation of quarkonium dynamics in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thcond-mat.quant-gashep-phnucl-ex+1PRD(2022)·31 citations
19. 19*

    Standardizing reverberation-measured C IV time-lag quasars, and using them with standardized Mg II quasars to constrain cosmological parameters

    Shulei Cao🇺🇸 · Michal Zajaček🇨🇿 · Swayamtrupta Panda🇵🇱 · Mary Loli Martínez-Aldama🇨🇱 · Bożena Czerny🇵🇱 · Bharat Ratra🇺🇸

    We use 38 C IV quasar (QSO) reverberation-mapped (RM) observations, which span eight orders of magnitude in luminosity and the redshift range $0.001064\le z\le 3.368$, to simultaneously constrain cosmological-model and QSO radius-luminosity ($R-L$) relation parameters in six cosmological models, using an improved technique that more correctly accounts for the asymmetric errors bars of the time-lag measurements. We find that $R-L$ relation parameters are independent of the cosmological models used in the analysis and so the $R-L$ relation can be used to standardize the C IV QSOs. The C IV QSO cosmological constraints are consistent with those from Mg II QSOs, allowing us to derive joint C IV + Mg II QSO cosmological constraints which are consistent with currently accelerated cosmological expansion, as well as consistent with cosmological constraints derived using better-established baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and Hubble parameter [$H(z)$] measurements. When jointly analyzed with $H(z)$ + BAO data, current C IV + Mg II QSO data mildly tighten current $H(z)$ + BAO data cosmological constraints.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thMNRAS(2022)·38 citations
20. 20*

    Nested sampling for physical scientists

    Greg Ashton🇦🇺 · Noam Bernstein🇺🇸 · Johannes Buchner🇩🇪 · Xi Chen🇬🇧 · Gábor Csányi🇬🇧 · Andrew Fowlie🇨🇳 · Farhan Feroz · Matthew Griffiths🇬🇧 · Will Handley🇬🇧 · Michael Habeck🇩🇪 · Edward Higson🇺🇸 · Michael Hobson🇬🇧 and 11 other authors

    We review Skilling's nested sampling (NS) algorithm for Bayesian inference and more broadly multi-dimensional integration. After recapitulating the principles of NS, we survey developments in implementing efficient NS algorithms in practice in high-dimensions, including methods for sampling from the so-called constrained prior. We outline the ways in which NS may be applied and describe the application of NS in three scientific fields in which the algorithm has proved to be useful: cosmology, gravitational-wave astronomy, and materials science. We close by making recommendations for best practice when using NS and by summarizing potential limitations and optimizations of NS.

    ↳ stat.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMcond-mat.mtrl-sci+1Nature(2022)·131 citations
21. 21*

    Spin alignment of vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions

    Xin-Li Sheng🇨🇳 · Lucia Oliva🇮🇹 · Zuo-Tang Liang🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇺🇸

    Polarized quarks and antiquarks in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can lead to the spin alignment of vector mesons formed by quark coalescence. Using the relativistic spin Boltzmann equation for vector mesons derived from Kadanoff-Baym equations with an effective quark-meson model for strong interaction and quark coalescence model for hadronizaton, we calculate the spin density matrix element ${\rho }_{00}$ for $\varphi$ mesons and show that anisotropies of local field correlations or fluctuations with respect to the spin quantization direction lead to $\varphi$ meson's spin alignment. We propose that the local correlation or fluctuation of $\varphi$ fields is the dominant mechanism for the observed the $\varphi$ meson's spin alignment and its strength can be extracted from experimental data as functions of collision energies. The calculated transverse momentum dependence of ${\rho }_{00}$ agrees with STAR's data. We further predict the azimuthal angle dependence of ${\rho }_{00}$ which can be tested in future experiments.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRL(2023)·122 citations
22. 22*

    Generalized Effective String Rope Model for the initial stages of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

    Angel Reina Ramirez🇪🇸 · V.K. Magas🇪🇸 · L.P. Csernai🇳🇴 · D. Strottman🇺🇸

    We present a Generalized Effective String Rope Model (GESRM) for the description of the initial state of relativistic heavy ion collisions. We start from the Effective String Rope Model (ESRM) and take into account fluctuations in the initial state following the Glauber Monte Carlo approach. Results from symmetric Au+Au collisions at different impact parameters and asymmetric A+Au head on collisions are presented at RHIC energies. The produced initial state is used as an initial condition for further hydrodynamical calculations.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·1 citation
23. 23*

    Bayesian inference of signatures of hyperons inside neutron stars

    Tuhin Malik🇵🇹 · Constança Providência🇵🇹

    The possible signatures of the presence of hyperons inside neutron stars are discussed within a Bayesian inference framework applied to a set of models based on a density-dependent relativistic mean-field description of hadronic matter. Nuclear matter properties, hypernuclei properties, and observational information are used to constrain the models. General properties of neutron stars such as the maximum mass, radius, tidal deformability, proton fraction, hyperon fraction, and speed of sound are discussed. It is shown that the two solar mass constraint imposes that neutron stars described by equations of state that include hyperons have on average a larger radius, $\gtrsim 0.5$km, and a larger tidal deformability, $\gtrsim 150$, than the stars determined from a nucleonic equation of state, while the speed of sound at the center of the star is more than 25\% smaller. If a 1.4 M${}_{\odot }$ star with a radius $\lesssim 12.5$ km is measured it is quite improbable that a massive star described by the same model contains hyperons. A similar conclusion is drawn if a two solar mass star with a radius $\lesssim 11.5$ km or a neutron star with a mass above 2.2 M${}_{\odot }$ is observed: the possible hyperon content of these stars is ruled out or very reduced. The hyperon presence inside neutron stars is compatible with the present NICER mass-radius observations of the pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 and the gravitational wave detection GW170817. {It is shown that if the polytropic index $\gamma =\partial \ln p/\partial \ln ϵ$ takes values of the order of 1.75 at not too large densities, it may indicate the onset of some kind of exotic matter, but not necessarily of deconfined quark matter.

    ↳ nucl-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2022)·48 citations
24. 24*

    Generalized Gelfand-Dikii equation for fermionic Schwinger pair production

    Naser Ahmadiniaz🇩🇪 · Sang Pyo Kim🇰🇷 · Christian Schubert🇲🇽

    Schwinger pair creation in a purely time-dependent electric field can be reduced to an effective quantum mechanical problem using a variety of formalisms. Here we develop an approach based on the Gelfand-Dikii equation for scalar QED, and on a generalization of that equation for spinor QED. We discuss a number of solvable special cases from this point of view. In previous work, two of the authors had shown for the scalar case how to use the well-known solitonic solutions of the KdV equation to construct Pöschl-Teller like electric fields that do not pair create at some fixed but arbitrary momentum. Here, we present numerical evidence that this construction can be adapted to the fermionic case by a mere change of parameters.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2022)·5 citations
25. 25*

    Generalized Gelfand-Dikii equation and solitonic electric fields for fermionic Schwinger pair production

    Naser Ahmadiniaz🇩🇪 · Alexander M. Fedotov🇷🇺 · Evgeny G. Gelfer🇨🇿 · Sang Pyo Kim🇰🇷 · Christian Schubert🇲🇽

    In previous work on Schwinger pair creation in purely time-dependent fields, it was shown how to construct ``solitonic'' electric fields that do not create scalar pairs with an arbitrary fixed momentum. We show that this construction can be adapted to the fermionic case in two inequivalent ways, both closely related to supersymmetric quantum mechanics for reflectionless potentials, and both leading to the vanishing of the density of created pairs at certain values of the Pöschl-Teller like index $p$ of the associated Schrödinger equation. For one of them, we are able to demonstrate that the pair non-creation can be interpreted as a quantum interference effect using the phase-integral formalism. Asymptotically for large $p$, here scalar particles are not created for integer $p$ and fermions are not created for half integer $p$. Thus for any given momentum we can construct electric fields that create scalar particles but not spinor particles, and vice versa. In the scalar QED case, the solitonic fields had originally been found using the Gelfand-Dikii equation, which is related to the resolvent of the mode equation, and through it to the (generalized) KdV equation [38]. This motivates us to develop for the spinor QED case, too, an evolution equation that can be considered as a fermionic generalization of the Gelfand-Dikii equation.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPPRD(2023)·6 citations
26. 26*

    Non-Gaussianity constraints from Planck spectral distortion cross-correlations

    Aditya Rotti🇬🇧 · Andrea Ravenni🇬🇧 · Jens Chluba🇬🇧

    Primordial non-Gaussianity can source $\mu$-distortion anisotropies that are correlated with the large-scale temperature and polarization signals of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). A measurement of $\mu T$ and $\mu E$ correlations can therefore be used to constrain it on wavelengths of perturbations not directly probed by the standard CMB anisotropies. In this work, we carry out a first rigorous search for $\mu$-type spectral distortion anisotropies with \Planck data, applying the well-tested constrained ILC component-separation method combined with the needlet framework. We reconstruct a $\mu$ map from \Planck data, which we then correlate with the CMB anisotropies to derive constraints on the amplitude $\text{fNL}$ of the local form bispectrum, specifically on the highly squeezed configurations with effective wavenumbers $k_s\simeq \text{SI}740Mp{c}^{-1}$ and $k_L\simeq \text{SI}0.05Mp{c}^{-1}$. We improve previously estimated constraints by more than an order of magnitude. This enhancement is owing to the fact that for the first time we are able to use the full multipole information by carefully controlling biases and systematic effects in the final analysis. We also for the first time incorporate constraints from measurements of $\mu E$ correlations, which further tighten the limits. A combination of the derived \Planck $\mu T$ and $\mu E$ power spectra yields $|\text{fNL}|\lesssim 6800$ (95\% c.l.) on this highly squeezed bispectrum. This is only $\simeq 3$ times weaker than the anticipated constraint from \LiteBIRD alone. We show that a combination of \LiteBIRD with \Planck will improve the expected future constraint by $\simeq 20\%$ over \LiteBIRD alone. These limits can be used to constrain multi-field inflation models and primordial black hole formation scenarios, thus providing a promising novel avenue forward in CMB cosmology.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thMNRAS(2022)·31 citations
27. 27*

    Near-future discovery of point sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos

    Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇰 · Mauricio Bustamante🇩🇰 · Victor B. Valera🇩🇰

    Upcoming neutrino telescopes may discover ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies beyond 100 PeV, in the next 10-20 years. Finding their sources would identify guaranteed sites of interaction of UHE cosmic rays, whose origin is unknown. We search for sources by looking for multiplets of UHE neutrinos arriving from similar directions. Our forecasts are state-of-the-art, geared at neutrino radio-detection in IceCube-Gen2. They account for detector energy and angular response, and for critical, but uncertain backgrounds. Sources at declination of $-45^{\circ }$ to $0^{\circ }$ will be easiest to discover. Discovering even one steady-state source in 10 years would imply that the source has an UHE neutrino luminosity at least larger than about $10^{43}$ erg/s (depending on the source redshift evolution). Discovering no transient source would disfavor transient sources brighter than $10^{53}$ erg as dominant. Our results aim to inform the design of upcoming detectors.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phJCAP(2023)·24 citations
28. 28*

    Piercing of a boson star by a black hole

    Vitor Cardoso🇩🇰 · Taishi Ikeda🇮🇹 · Zhen Zhong🇵🇹 · Miguel Zilhão🇵🇹

    New light fundamental fields are natural candidates for all or a fraction of dark matter. Self-gravitating structures of such fields might be common objects in the universe, and could comprise even galactic halos. These structures would interact gravitationally with black holes, a process of the utmost importance since it dictates their lifetime, the black hole motion, and possible gravitational radiation emission. Here, we study the dynamics of a black hole piercing through a much larger fully relativistic boson star, made of a complex minimally coupled massive scalar without self-interactions. As the black hole pierces through the bosonic structure, it is slowed down by accretion and dynamical friction, giving rise to gravitational-wave emission. Since we are interested in studying the interaction with large and heavy scalar structures, we consider mass ratios up to $q\sim 10$ and length ratios $\mathcal{L}\sim 62$. Somewhat surprisingly, for all our simulations, the black hole accretes more than 95% of the boson star material, even if an initially small black hole collides with large velocity. This is a consequence of an extreme "tidal capture" process, which binds the black hole and the boson star together, for these mass ratios. We find evidence of a "gravitational atom" left behind as a product of the process.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·30 citations

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