Tue·Apr 26, 2022Tuesday·April 26, 2022

1. 01*

   Chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions and beyond

   Dmitri E. Kharzeev🇺🇸

   Chirality is a ubiquitous concept in modern science, from particle physics to biology. In quantum physics, chirality of fermions is linked to topology of gauge fields by the chiral anomaly. While the chiral anomaly is usually associated with the short-distance behavior in field theory, in recent years it has been realized that it also affects the macroscopic behavior of systems with chiral fermions. In particular, the local imbalance between left- and right-handed fermions in the presence of a magnetic field induces non-dissipative transport of electric charge ("the Chiral Magnetic Effect", CME). In heavy ion collisions, there is an ongoing search for this effect at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, with results from a dedicated isobar run presented very recently. An observation of CME in heavy ion collisions could shed light on the mechanism of baryon asymmetry generation in the Early Universe. Recently, the CME has been discovered in Dirac and Weyl semimetals possessing chiral quasi-particles. This observation opens a path towards quantum sensors, and potentially a new kind of quantum computers.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-th9 citations
2. 02*

   Birefringent Rydberg Dark Matter from Cosmic Dust

   Keith Johnson🇺🇸

   Water nanoclusters ejected to space from abundant amorphous water-ice-coated cosmic dust have been proposed to constitute Rydberg baryonic dark matter. This phenomenological model is now qualitatively supported by several recent observations: the laboratory-generated ejection of water nanoclusters from amorphous water-ice; the absence of dark matter in Galaxy NGC 1052-DF2; a recent study of dark matter in distant galaxies reporting the direct interaction of dark matter with galactic baryonic matter; the bullet cluster; and the birefringence of the cosmic microwave background. A link between Rydberg dark matter and dark energy and its relevance to quintessence are reviewed. The use of the James Webb Space Telescope to test this model further is suggested.

   hep-phastro-ph.GAcond-mat.mes-hall0 citations
3. 03*

   Investigating $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast }}$ anomalies in a Left-Right model with an Inverse Seesaw

   K. Ezzat🇪🇬 · G. Faisel🇹🇷 · S. Khalil🇪🇬

   We investigate $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast }}$ anomalies in a low scale left-right symmetric model based on $SU(3{)}_C\times SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{B-L}$ with a simplified Higgs sector consisting of only one bidoublet and one $SU(2{)}_R$ doublet. The Wilson coefficients relevant to the transition $b\to c\tau \nu$ are derived by integrating out the charged Higgs $H^{\pm }$ boson, which gives the dominant contributions. We emphasize that the charged Higgs effects, with the complex right-handed quark mixing matrix, can account for both $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast }}$ anomalies simultaneously, while adhering to a set of significant constraints including, for instance, $\mathrm{BR}(B_c^{-}\to {\tau }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau })$ and $B_{s(d)}-{\bar{B}}_{s(d)}$ mixing. In relation to this, we show that the predicted values of the $D^{\ast }$, $\tau$ longitudinal polarizations and $P_{\tau }(D)$ can be affected for the set of the parameters of the model resolving the $R_{D,D^{\ast }}$ anomalies.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·11 citations
4. 04*

   Decoding the double heavy tetraquark state $T_{cc}^{+}$

   Cheng-Rong Deng🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

   We analyse the deuteron-like $T_{cc}^{+}$ state observed by the LHCb Collaboration from the perspective of the quark clustering. The $T_{cc}^{+}$ state implies the possible existence of other compact doubly heavy tetraquark states.

   hep-phSci.Bull.(2022)·24 citations
5. 05*

   Configuration mixing in particle decay and reaction

   Elsayed K. Elmaghraby🇪🇬

   Background: Decay constants of unstable nuclei and particles are quantum constants. Recent controversy on the existence (versus non-existence) of variability in the observation of decay rate can be settled by considering mixing in decay configuration. Purpose: Variability in decay rate was investigated based on the available information of beta decay rate data, solar neutrino flux, and energy distribution. Method: Full systematic analysis of the oscillatory behavior was carried out. Based on the zero threshold energy for neutrino absorption in beta emitters, a model for configuration mixing between two distinct beta disintegration modes ${\beta }^{\nu }$-disintegration (electron from neutrino interaction) and the ${\beta }^{-}$-disintegration (electron from natural decay) was proposed. Results: The phenomenon of variability in beta decay rate was related to the possible exothermic neutrino absorption by unstable nuclei which, in principle, should include the whole range of flux energies involving flux with energy below the ${}^{71}$Ga threshold at 0.23 MeV. These two disintegration modes occur independently and model for their apparent mixing rate was proposed. Conclusions: The configuration mixing between the two modes causes depletion of radioactive nuclei which is subject to change with seasonal solar neutrino variability. Ability to detect this variability was found to be dependent on the Q-value of the ${\beta }^{\nu }$ disintegration and detection instrument setup. Value of neutrino cross section weighted by the ratio between ${\beta }^{\nu }$ and ${\beta }^{-}$ detection efficiencies was found to be in the range $10^{-44}$ to $10^{-36}$ cm${}^2$. For experiments that uses the end point to determine the neutrino mass, interference due to mixing should be taken into account.

   hep-phProg.Phys.(2017)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Glueball-meson molecules

   Alexey A Petrov🇺🇸

   Experimental searches for pure glueball states have proven challenging and so far yielded no results. This is believed to occur because glueballs mix with the ordinary $q\bar{q}$ states with the same quantum numbers. We will discuss an alternative mechanism, the formation of the glueball-meson molecular states. We will argue that the wave functions of already observed excited meson states may contain a significant part due to such molecular states. We discuss the phenomenology of glueball-meson molecules and comment on a possible charmless component of the $XYZ$ states.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exPLB(2023)·11 citations
7. 07*

   Soft photon propagation in a hot and dense medium to next-to-leading order

   Tyler Gorda🇩🇪 · Aleksi Kurkela🇳🇴 · Juuso Österman🇫🇮 · Risto Paatelainen🇫🇮 · Saga Säppi🇮🇹 · Philipp Schicho🇫🇮 · Kaapo Seppänen🇫🇮 · Aleksi Vuorinen🇫🇮

   We present the first complete calculation of the soft photon self-energy to the next-to-leading order in a hot and/or dense ultrarelativistic plasma in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). The calculation is performed within the real-time formalism utilizing dimensional regularization in $4-2ϵ$ dimensions, while the result is reported including explicit $O(ϵ)$ terms in the zero-temperature limit. This information is required to extend the perturbative calculation of the pressure of cold and dense QED matter to partial next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in a weak-coupling expansion, reported in a companion paper. These results pave the way for a similar future calculation in Quantum Chromodynamics.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·24 citations
8. 08*

   Quark Nuclear Physics with Heavy Quarks

   Nora Brambilla🇩🇪

   Heavy quarks have been instrumental for progress in our exploration of strong interactions. Quarkonium in particular, a heavy quark-antiquark nonrelativistic bound state, has been at the root of several revolutions. Quarkonium is endowed with a pattern of separated energy scales qualifying it as special probe of complex environments. Its multiscale nature has made a description in Quantum Field Theory particularly difficult up to the advent of Nonrelativistic Effective Field Theories. We will focus on systems made by two or more heavy quarks. After considering some historical approaches based on the potential models and the Wilson loop approach, we will introduce the contemporary nonrelativistic effective field theory descriptions, in particular potential Nonrelativistic QCD which entails the Schoedinger equation as zero order problem, define the potentials as matching coefficients and allows systematic calculations of the physical properties. The effective field theory allows us to explore quarkonium properties in the realm of QCD. In particular it allows us to make calculations with unprecedented precision when high order perturbative calculations are possible and to systematically factorize short from long range contributions where observables are sensitive to the nonperturbative dynamics of QCD. Such effective field theory treatment can be extended at finite temperature and in presence of gluonic and light quark excitations. We will show that in this novel theoretical framework, quarkonium can play a crucial role for a number of problems at the frontier of our research, from the investigation of the confinement dynamics in strong interactions to the study of deconfinement and the phase diagram of nuclear matter, to the precise determination of Standard Model parameters up to the emergence of exotics X Y Z states of an unprecedented nature.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+13 citations
9. 09*

   Theory of QED radiative corrections to neutrino scattering at accelerator energies

   Oleksandr Tomalak🇺🇸 · Qing Chen🇺🇸 · Richard J Hill🇺🇸 · Kevin S McFarland🇺🇸 · Clarence Wret🇺🇸

   Control over quantum electrodynamics (QED) radiative corrections is critical for precise determination of neutrino oscillation probabilities from observed (anti)neutrino detection rates. It is particularly important to understand any difference between such corrections for different flavors of (anti)neutrinos in charged-current interactions. We provide theoretical foundations for calculating these corrections. Using effective field theory, the corrections are shown to factorize into soft, collinear, and hard functions. The soft and collinear functions contain large logarithms in perturbation theory but are computable from QED. The hard function parametrizes hadronic structure but is free from large logarithms. Using a simple model for the hard function, we investigate the numerical impact of QED corrections in charged-current (anti)neutrino-nucleon elastic cross sections and cross-section ratios at GeV energies. We consider the implications of mass singularity theorems that govern the lepton-mass dependence of cross sections for sufficiently inclusive observables and demonstrate the cancellation of leading hadronic and nuclear corrections in phenomenologically relevant observables.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2022)·41 citations
10. 10*

    $\varphi$ meson properties in nuclear matter from QCD sum rules with chirally separated four-quark condensates

    Jisu Kim🇰🇷 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Su Houng Lee🇰🇷

    The modification of the $\varphi$ meson spectrum in nuclear matter is studied in an updated QCD sum rule analysis, taking into account recent improvements in properly treating the chiral invariant and breaking components of four-quark condensates. Allowing both mass and decay width to change at finite density, the QCD sum rule analysis determines certain combinations of changes for these parameters that satisfy the sum rules equally well. A comprehensive error analysis, including uncertainties related to the behavior of various condensates at linear order in density, the employed renormalization scale and perturbative corrections of the Wilson coefficients, is used to compute the allowed ranges of these parameter combinations. We find that the $\varphi$ meson mass shift in nuclear matter is especially sensitive to the strange sigma term ${\sigma }_{sN}$, which determines the decrease of the strange quark condensate in nuclear matter. Specifically, we obtain a linear relation between the width ${\Gamma }_{\varphi }$ and mass shift $\Delta m_{\varphi }$ given as ${\Gamma }_{\varphi }=a\Delta m_{\varphi }+b{\sigma }_{sN}+c$ with $a=(3.947_{-0.130}^{+0.139})$, $b=(0.936_{-0.177}^{+0.180})$ and $c=-(7.707_{-5.679}^{+4.791})\mathrm{MeV}$.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·13 citations
11. 11*

    Flavor symmetric origin of texture zeros in minimal inverse seesaw and impacts on leptogenesis

    Nayana Gautam🇮🇳 · Mrinal Kumar Das🇮🇳

    We study the prediction of maximal zeros of the Dirac mass matrix on neutrino phenomenology and baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) within the framework of an inverse seesaw ISS $(2,3)$. We try to find the origin of the allowed two zero textures of the Dirac mass matrix from $S_4$ flavor symmetry. ISS $(2,3)$ model contains two pairs of quasi-Dirac particles and one sterile state in the keV scale along with three active neutrinos. The decays of the quasi-Dirac pairs create lepton asymmetry that can be converted to baryon asymmetry of the universe by the sphaleron process. Thus, BAU can be explained in this framework through leptogenesis. We study BAU in all the two zero textures of the Dirac mass matrix. The viabilities of the textures within the framework have been verified with the latest cosmology data on BAU.

    hep-phPLB(2022)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Quantum kinetic theory for dynamical spin polarization from QED-type interaction

    Shuo Fang🇨🇳 · Shi Pu🇨🇳 · Di-Lun Yang🇹🇼

    We investigate the dynamical spin polarization of a massless electron probing an electron plasma in locally thermal equilibrium via the Moller scattering from the quantum kinetic theory. We derive an axial kinetic equation delineating the dynamical spin evolution in the presence of the collision term with quantum corrections up to $\mathcal{O}(\hslash )$ and the leading-logarithmic order in coupling by using the hard-thermal-loop (HTL) approximation, from which we extract the spin-polarization rate induced by the spacetime gradients of the medium. When the electron probe approaches local equilibrium, we further simplify the collision term into a relaxation-time expression. Our kinetic equation may be implemented in the future numerical simulations for dynamical spin polarization.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2022)·50 citations
13. 13*

    Impact of Charge Symmetry Breaking on Gluon and Sea Quark Distributions in the Pion and Kaon

    Parada T. P. Hutauruk🇰🇷

    In this exploratory study, I present, for the first time, the implications of the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) that arise from the $u$ and $d$ quark mass differences on gluon and sea quark distribution functions of the pion and kaon in the framework of the Nambu--Jona-Lasino (NJL) model, which is a quark-level chiral effective theory of QCD, with the help of the proper-time regularization scheme to simulate color confinement of QCD. From the analysis, one finds that the charge symmetry (CS) gluon distribution for the pion has a good agreement with the prediction results obtained from the recent lattice QCD simulation and JAM global fit QCD analysis at a higher scale of $Q^2=$ 5 GeV${}^2$. The size of the CSB effects on gluon and sea quark distributions for the pion with the realistic ratios of $m_u/m_d=0.5$ at $Q^2=$ 5 GeV${}^2$ are respectively estimated by 1.3\% and 2.0\% at $x\simeq 1$ in comparison with those for $m_u/m_d=1.0$, while those for the kaon are approximately about 0.3\% and 0.5\% at $x\simeq 1$, respectively. A remarkable result is found that the CSB effects on gluon distribution for the kaon are smaller than that for the pion, which has a similar prediction result as that for the CS case.

    hep-phnucl-thMod.Phys.Lett.A(2023)·3 citations
14. 14*

    Numerically analyzing self-interacting dark matter

    Utkarsh Patel🇮🇳 · Sudhanwa Patra (IIT Bhilai)🇮🇳

    We consider the scenario of self-interacting dark matter(SIDM) with a light mediator in a model-independent way, which can alleviate two long-standing issues of the small scale cosmology namely cusp vs. core and too-big-to-fail. A Yukawa potential is chosen to achieve mediator exchange between DM particles as part of their self-interactions. The dynamics of self-interacting transfer cross-section are studied for a range of mediator mass($m_Z^{\prime }$). Also, a relationship is established between the cross-section and DM particles' relative velocity, which ensures the solution to the DM crisis at small scales. Our obtained numerical results are efficient compared to the earlier works in the context that a lesser number of $\ell$ modes have been used by us to achieve the same level of accuracy in the cross-section calculations. For a better understanding of the SIDM parameter space, we perform an analytical analysis on the dependence of transfer cross-section over the other important SIDM parameters using a Hulthén potential which is similar in its behavior to Yukawa potential. A detailed evolution of particle dynamics using the Boltzmann equation and the effect of Sommerfeld enhancement on such calculations has also been studied here. We also provide a minimal anomaly-free leptophilic extension of the standard model, that can incorporate SIDM and its mediator candidate in the framework.

    hep-ph5 citations
15. 15*

    Corrections to electroweak precision observables from mixings of an exotic vector boson in light of the CDF $W$-mass anomaly

    Chengfeng Cai🇨🇳 · Dayun Qiu🇨🇳 · Yi-Lei Tang🇨🇳 · Zhao-Huan Yu🇨🇳 · Hong-Hao Zhang🇨🇳

    We enumerate various effective couplings that contribute to the mixings between an exotic vector boson $Z^{\prime }$ and the neutral electroweak vector bosons. The miscellaneous mixing patterns can be evaluated perturbatively. The effective oblique parameters $S^{\prime }$, $T^{\prime }$, and $U^{\prime }$ are calculated to compare with the electroweak precision test results. With the contributions to the non-negligible $U^{\prime }$ parameter from the ${ϵ}_{B,W}$ parameters and the aid of some other parameters to cancel the negative $T^{\prime }$, the recent CDF $W$-mass anomaly can therefore be explained.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·32 citations
16. 16*

    Decays $B\to D_{\left(s\right)}^{\left(\ast \right)}h$ ($h=\pi ,\rho$) in confined covariant quark model

    Stanislav Dubnička🇸🇰 · Anna Zuzana Dubničková🇸🇰 · Mikhail Alekseevich Ivanov🇷🇺 · Andrej Liptaj🇸🇰

    Decay processes $B\to D_{\left(s\right)}^{\left(\ast \right)}h$ ($h=\pi ,\rho$) are studied in the framework of the confined covariant quark model using the naïve factorization assumption. We observe that the theoretical results on branching fractions have tendency to systematically exceed the experimental numbers. Such a behavior has already been seen for similar processes by other authors.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Thermalization and prethermalization in the soft-wall AdS/QCD model

    Xuanmin Cao🇨🇳 · Jingyi Chao🇨🇳 · Hui Liu🇨🇳 · Danning Li🇨🇳

    The real-time dynamics of chiral phase transition is investigated in a two-flavor ($N_f=2$) soft-wall AdS/QCD model. To understand the dynamics of thermalization, we quench the system from initial states deviating from the equilibrium states. Then, we solve the nonequilibrium evolution of the order parameter (chiral condensate $⟨\sigma \equiv \bar{q}q⟩$). It is shown that the system undergoes an exponential relaxation at temperatures away from the critical temperature $T_c$. The relaxation time diverges at $T_c$, presenting a typical behavior of critical slowing down. Numerically, we extract the dynamic critical exponent $z$, and get $z\approx 2$ by fitting the scaling behavior $\sigma \propto t^{-\beta /(\nu z)}$, where the mean-field static critical exponents (order parameter critical exponent $\beta =1/2$, correlation length critical exponent $\nu =1/2$ ) have been applied. More interestingly, it is remarked that, for a large class of initial states, the system would linger over a quasi-steady state for a certain period of time before the thermalization. It is suggested that the interesting phenomenon, known as prethermalization, has been observed in the framework of holographic models. In such prethermal stage, we verify that the system is characterized by a universal dynamical scaling law and described by the initial-slip exponent $\theta =0$.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·15 citations
18. 18*

    Hunting stabilization effects of the high-energy resummation at the LHC

    Mohammed Maher Abdelrahim Mohammed🇮🇹

    Studying semi-hard processes in the large center-of-mass energy limit gives us an opportunity to further test perturbative QCD in an unexplored kinematical configuration, contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of strong interactions. For semi-hard reactions in kinematics at large center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$, the BFKL resummation of energy logarithms comes into play, since large energy logarithms compensate the smallness of QCD coupling ${\alpha }_s$ and must therefore be accounted for to all perturbative orders. Tracing the path toward performing precision calculations via BFKL resummation of high-energy logarithms, in this thesis we present phenomenological analyses for distinct inclusive processes, highlighting the recognized problem of instabilities under higher-order corrections and energy-scales variations, that would abort any possibility to investigate semi-hard reactions with high-precision at natural energy-scales. At the same time, we present new reactions that seem to act as fair stabilizers of the high-energy series. First, the inclusive production at the LHC of a charged light hadron and of a jet, featuring a wide separation in rapidity, is presented making use of optimization methods to fix energy-scale. We report some predictions, tailored on the CMS and CASTOR acceptances. Then, we propose as a novel probe channel for the manifestation of the BFKL dynamics, the inclusive hadroproduction of a Higgs boson and of a jet, featuring large transverse momenta and well separated in rapidity. Finlay, we propose the inclusive semi-hard production of two bottom-flavored hadrons, as well as of a single bottom-flavored hadron accompanied by a light jet, as novel channels for targeting stabilization effects of the high-energy resummation under higher-order corrections.

    hep-ph15 citations
19. 19*

    Dijet photoproduction at low $x$ at next-to-leading order and its back-to-back limit

    Pieter Taels🇫🇷 · Tolga Altinoluk🇵🇱 · Guillaume Beuf🇵🇱 · Cyrille Marquet🇫🇷

    We compute the cross section for the inclusive photoproduction of a pair of jets at next-to-leading order accuracy in the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory. The aim is to study the back-to-back limit, to investigate whether transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization can be recovered at this order. In particular, we focus on the large Sudakov double logarithms, which are major ingredients of the TMD evolution. Interestingly, the kinematical improvement of the low-$x$ resummation scheme turns out to be a key ingredient in the analysis.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·110 citations
20. 20*

    Interpreting the $\mathbf{W}$-Mass and Muon $({\mathbf{g}}_{\mathbf{\mu }}-2)$ Anomalies within a 2-Higgs Doublet Model

    Rachid Benbrik (1)🇲🇦 · Mohammed Boukidi (1)🇲🇦 · Bouzid Manaut (2) ((1) Polydisciplinary Faculty, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco, (2) Polydisciplinary Faculty, Laboratory of Research in Physics and Engineering Sciences, Team of Modern and Applied Physics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco)🇲🇦

    In this study, we investigate the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $(g_{\mu }-2)$ as reported by Fermilab (FNAL), along with the recent measurement of the $W$-boson mass by the CDF-II collaboration. Both findings show significant deviations from the predictions of the Standard Model (SM), hinting at the possibility of new physics. Our focus is on the Type III two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), wherein both Higgs doublets couple with all fermions, leading to the induction of flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) at the tree level. Within this framework, we investigate a lepton-flavour-violating (LFV) scenario, aiming to explain both observed anomalies, while satisfying the up-to-date theoretical and experimental constraints.

    hep-phNPB(2024)·53 citations
21. 21*

    Complete collection of one-loop triple-collinear splitting operators for dimensionally-regulated QCD

    Michał Czakon🇩🇪 · Sebastian Sapeta🇵🇱

    We provide results for the one-loop triple-collinear color/spin-space splitting operators for the five possible processes, $q\to q{q}^{\prime }{\bar{q}}^{\prime }$, $q\to qq\bar{q}$, $q\to qgg$, $g\to gq\bar{q}$ and $g\to ggg$. The expressions are exact in dimensionally-regulated massless QCD up to a single integral, which we expand to second order in the dimensional-regularisation parameter. We also evaluate the related splitting functions. Our results are both sufficient and indispensable for the construction of subtraction and integrated-subtraction terms for triple-collinear singularities of one-loop double-real-emission cross-section contributions as part of a next-to-next-to-next-to leading order subtraction scheme.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·30 citations
22. 22*

    Loop counting matters in SMEFT

    G. Buchalla🇩🇪 · G. Heinrich🇩🇪 · Ch. Müller-Salditt🇩🇪 · F. Pandler🇩🇪

    We show that, in addition to the counting of canonical dimensions, a counting of loop orders is necessary to fully specify the power counting of Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Using concrete examples, we demonstrate that considering the canonical dimensions of operators alone may lead to inconsistent results. The counting of both, canonical dimensions and loop orders, establishes a clear hierarchy of the terms in SMEFT. In practice, this serves to identify, and focus on, the potentially dominating effects in any given high-energy process in a meaningful way. Additionally, this will lead to a consistent limitation of free parameters in SMEFT applications.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.(2023)·35 citations
23. 23*

    Transverse charge and current densities in the nucleon from dispersively improved chiral effective field theory

    J. M. Alarcón🇪🇸 · C. Weiss🇺🇸

    Background: The transverse densities ${\rho }_{1,2}(b)$ describe the distributions of electric charge and magnetic moment at fixed light-front time and connect the nucleon's elastic form factors with its partonic structure. The dispersive representation of the form factors $F_{1,2}(t)$ expresses the densities in terms of exchanges of hadronic states in the $t$-channel and permits their analysis using hadronic physics methods. Purpose: Compute the densities at peripheral distances $b=\mathcal{O}(M_{\pi }^{-1})$, where they are generated predominantly by the two-pion states in the dispersive representation. Quantify the uncertainties. Methods: Dispersively improved chiral effective field theory (DI$\chi$EFT) is used to calculate the isovector spectral functions $\text{Im}{F}_{1,2}(t)$ on the two-pion cut. The method includes $\pi \pi$ interactions ($\rho$ resonance) through elastic unitarity and provides realistic spectral functions up to $t\approx$ 1 GeV${}^2$. Higher-mass states are parametrized by effective poles and constrained by sum rules (charges, radii, superconvergence relations). The densities ${\rho }_{1,2}(b)$ are obtained from their dispersive representation. Uncertainties are quantified by varying the spectral functions. The method respects analyticity and ensures the correct $b\to \infty$ asymptotic behavior of the densities. Results: Accurate densities are obtained at all distances $b\gtrsim 0.5$ fm, with correct behavior down to $b\to 0$. The region of distances is quantified where transverse nucleon structure is governed by the two-pion state. The light-front current distributions in the polarized nucleon are computed and discussed. Conclusions: Peripheral nucleon structure can be computed from first principles using DI$\chi$EFT. The method can be extended to generalized parton distributions and other nucleon form factors.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2022)·10 citations
24. 24*

    Large-Field Inflation and the Cosmological Collider

    Matthew Reece🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸 · Zhong-Zhi Xianyu🇨🇳

    Large-field inflation is a major class of inflation models featuring a near- or super-Planckian excursion of the inflaton field. We point out that the large excursion generically introduces significant scale dependence to spectator fields through inflaton couplings, which in turn induces characteristic distortions to the oscillatory shape dependence in the primordial bispectrum mediated by a spectator field. This so-called cosmological collider signal can thus be a useful indicator of large field excursions. We show an explicit example with signals from the "tower states" motivated by the swampland distance conjecture.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2023)·66 citations
25. 25*

    The physics case for a neutrino lepton collider in light of the CDF W mass measurement

    Tianyi Yang🇨🇳 · Sitian Qian🇨🇳 · Sen Deng🇨🇳 · Jie Xiao🇨🇳 · Leyun Gao🇨🇳 · Andrew Michael Levin🇨🇳 · Qiang Li🇨🇳 · Meng Lu🇨🇳 · Zhengyun You🇨🇳

    We propose a neutrino lepton collider where the neutrino beam is generated from TeV scale muon decays. Such a device would allow for a precise measurement of the W mass based on single W production: nu l to W. Although it is challenging to achieve high instantaneous luminosity with such a collider, we find that a total luminosity of 0.1/fb can already yield competitive physics results. In addition to a W mass measurement, a rich variety of physics goals could be achieved with such a collider, including W boson precision measurements, heavy leptophilic gauge boson searches, and anomalous Znunu coupling searches. A neutrino lepton collider is both a novel idea in itself, and may also be a useful intermediate step, with less muon cooling required, towards the muon-muon collider already being pursued by the energy frontier community. A neutrino neutrino or neutrino proton collider may also be interesting future options for the high energy frontier.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.acc-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2022)·9 citations
26. 26*

    Probing the ${\nu }_R$-philic $Z^{\prime }$ at DUNE near detectors

    Garv Chauhan🇧🇪 · P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸 · Xun-Jie Xu🇨🇳

    We consider a hidden $U(1)$ gauge symmetry under which only the right-handed neutrinos (${\nu }_R$) are charged. The corresponding gauge boson is referred to as the ${\nu }_R$-philic $Z^{\prime }$. Despite the absence of direct gauge couplings to ordinary matter at tree level, loop-induced couplings of the ${\nu }_R$-philic $Z^{\prime }$ via left-right neutrino mixing can be responsible for its experimental accessibility. An important feature of the ${\nu }_R$-philic $Z^{\prime }$ is that its couplings to neutrinos are generally much larger than its couplings to charged leptons and quarks, thus providing a particularly interesting scenario for future neutrino experiments such as DUNE to probe. We consider two approaches to probe the ${\nu }_R$-philic $Z^{\prime }$ at DUNE near detectors via (i) searching for $Z^{\prime }$ decay signals, and (ii) precision measurement of elastic neutrino-electron scattering mediated by the $Z^{\prime }$ boson. We show that the former will have sensitivity comparable to or better than previous beam dump experiments, while the latter will improve current limits substantially for large neutrino couplings.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·20 citations
27. 27*

    Neutrino secret self-interactions: a booster shot for the cosmic neutrino background

    Anirban Das🇺🇸 · Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez🇬🇧 · Manibrata Sen🇩🇪

    Neutrinos might interact among themselves through forces that have so far remained hidden. Throughout the history of the Universe, such \emph{secret} interactions could lead to scatterings between the neutrinos from supernova explosions and the non-relativistic relic neutrinos left over from the Big Bang. Such scatterings can boost the cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B) to energies of $\mathcal{O}$(MeV), making it, in principle, observable in experiments searching for the diffuse supernova neutrino background. Assuming a model-independent, but flavor universal, four-Fermi interaction, we determine the upscattered cosmic neutrino flux, and derive constraints on such secret interactions from the latest results from Super-Kamiokande. Furthermore, we also study prospects for detection of the boosted flux in future lead-based coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments. Nevertheless, given current constraints on flavor universal self-interactions, we find that the upscattered C$\nu$B~contribution to the total DSNB flux is negligible, making a possible measurement of the boosted C$\nu$B insurmountable.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRD(2022)·24 citations
28. 28*

    The storage ring proton EDM experiment

    Jim Alexander🇺🇸 · Vassilis Anastassopoulos🇬🇷 · Rick Baartman🇨🇦 · Stefan Baeßler🇺🇸 · Franco Bedeschi🇮🇹 · Martin Berz🇺🇸 · Michael Blaskiewicz🇺🇸 · Themis Bowcock🇬🇧 · Kevin Brown🇺🇸 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪 · Sergey Burdin🇬🇧 · Brendan C. Casey🇺🇸 and 65 other authors

    We describe a proposal to search for an intrinsic electric dipole moment (EDM) of the proton with a sensitivity of \targetsens, based on the vertical rotation of the polarization of a stored proton beam. The New Physics reach is of order $10^{}3$TeV mass scale. Observation of the proton EDM provides the best probe of CP-violation in the Higgs sector, at a level of sensitivity that may be inaccessible to electron-EDM experiments. The improvement in the sensitivity to ${\theta }_{QCD}$, a parameter crucial in axion and axion dark matter physics, is about three orders of magnitude.

    hep-phhep-ex45 citations
29. 29*

    Bell-type inequalities for systems of relativistic vector bosons

    Alan J. Barr🇬🇧 · Pawel Caban🇵🇱 · Jakub Rembieliński🇵🇱

    We perform a detailed analysis of the possible violation of various Bell-type inequalities for systems of vector boson-antiboson pairs. Considering the general case of an overall scalar state of the bipartite system, we identify two distinct classes of such states, and determine the joint probabilities of spin measurement outcomes for each them. We calculate the expectation values of the CHSH, Mermin and CGLMP inequalities and find that while the generalised CHSH inequality is not expected to be violated for any of the scalar states, in the case of the Mermin and CGLMP inequalities the situation is different -- these inequalities can be violated in certain scalar states while they cannot be violated in others. Moreover, the degree of violation depends on the relative speed of the two particles.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phhep-thQuantum(2023)·69 citations
30. 30*

    On the randomness and correlation in the trajectories of alpha particle emitted from ${}^{241}$Am: Statistical inference based on information entropy

    M. El Ghazaly🇪🇬 · Elsayed k. Elmaghraby🇪🇬 · A. Al-Sayed🇪🇬 · Amal Mohamed🇪🇬 · Mahmoud S. Dawood🇪🇬

    Most particle detectors are based on the hypothesis that particles are emitted randomly upon nuclear decay. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis of the existence of correlation in the random trajectories of alpha particles emitted from ${}^{241}$Am source and the null hypothesis of random trajectories. The trajectories were clued through the registration of track in a solid-state nuclear track detector. The experimental parameters were optimized to identify the possible sources of correlation in the track registration and the detector conditions upon exposure and etching to avoid misleading results. The optimization included authentication of linearity in registration efficiency with exposure time to prevent coalescence of registered tracks. The statistical inference processes were based upon adaptive quadrates analysis of the spatial data, and entropy and divergence analysis of the quadrate data together with the null hypothesis of Poisson distribution of random trajectories. The clustering and dispersion analysis were performed with central deviation tendency, empirical K-function, radial distribution analysis, and proximity Analysis. Results showed a pattern of gained information within the registered tracks that may be attributed to the alteration in the alpha particles' trajectories induced by the strong electric field due to atoms in the source compound and encapsulation film.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phSci.Rep.(2022)·0 citations
31. 31*

    Quasinormal modes of black holes in f(T) gravity

    Yaqi Zhao🇨🇳 · Xin Ren🇨🇳 · Amara Ilyas🇨🇳 · Emmanuel N. Saridakis🇬🇷 · Yi-Fu Cai🇨🇳

    We calculate the quasinormal modes (QNM) frequencies of a test massless scalar field and an electromagnetic field around static black holes in $f(T)$ gravity. Focusing on quadratic $f(T)$ modifications, which is a good approximation for every realistic $f(T)$ theory, we first extract the spherically symmetric solutions using the perturbative method, imposing two ans$\ddot{\text{a}}$tze for the metric functions, which suitably quantify the deviation from the Schwarzschild solution. Moreover, we extract the effective potential, and then calculate the QNM frequency of the obtained solutions. Firstly, we numerically solve the Schr$\ddot{\text{o}}$dinger-like equation using the discretization method, and we extract the frequency and the time evolution of the dominant mode applying the function fit method. Secondly, we perform a semi-analytical calculation by applying the WKB method with the Pade approximation. We show that the results for $f(T)$ gravity are different compared to General Relativity, and in particular we obtain a different slope and period of the field decay behavior for different model parameter values. Hence, under the light of gravitational-wave observations of increasing accuracy from binary systems, the whole analysis could be used as an additional tool to test General Relativity and examine whether torsional gravitational modifications are possible.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2022)·60 citations
32. 32*

    A singularity problem for interacting massive vectors

    Zong-Gang Mou🇺🇸 · Hong-Yi Zhang🇺🇸

    Interacting massive spin-1 fields have been widely used in cosmology and particle physics. We obtain a new condition on the validity of the classical limit of these theories related to the non-trivial constraints that exist for vector field components. A violation of this consistency condition causes a singularity in the time derivative of the auxiliary component and could impact, for example, the field's cosmic history and superradiance around black holes. Such a condition is expected to exist generically in many other non-trivially constrained systems.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phPRL(2022)·46 citations
33. 33*

    Stronger gravity in the early universe

    M.Yoshimura🇯🇵

    Scalar-tensor theories of gravity that embrace conformal coupling to the scalar curvature are the focal point of cosmology on discussions of inflation and late-time accelerating universe. Although there exists a stringent nucleo-synthesis constraint on conformal gravity, one can formulate how to evade this difficulty by modifying the standard particle theory action consistently with the principles of gauge invariant quantum field theory. It is shown that stronger gravity at early epochs of cosmological evolution than previously thought of is inevitable in a class of conformal gravity models. This enhances discovery potentials of primordial gravitational wave emission and primordial black hole formation. The strong gravity effect may be enormous if massive clumps are energetically dominated by cold dark matter made of inflaton field, and created black holes may become a major candidate of cold dark matter.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-th3 citations
34. 34*

    Radiative transfer in stars by feebly interacting bosons

    Andrea Caputo🇮🇱 · Georg Raffelt🇩🇪 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇺🇸

    Starting from first principles, we study radiative transfer by new feebly-interacting bosons (FIBs) such as axions, axion-like particles (ALPs), dark photons, and others. Our key simplification is to include only boson emission or absorption (including decay), but not scattering between different modes of the radiation field. Based on a given distribution of temperature and FIB absorption rate in a star, we derive explicit volume-integral expressions for the boson luminosity, reaching from the free-streaming to the strong-trapping limit. The latter is seen explicitly to correspond to quasi-thermal emission from a "FIB sphere" according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Our results supersede expressions and approximations found in the recent literature on FIB emission from a supernova core and, for radiatively unstable FIBs, provide explicit expressions for the nonlocal ("ballistic") transfer of energy recently discussed in horizontal-branch stars.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thJCAP(2022)·67 citations
35. 35*

    Constraining high-redshift stellar-mass primordial black holes with next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors

    Ken K. Y. Ng🇺🇸 · Gabriele Franciolini🇮🇹 · Emanuele Berti🇺🇸 · Paolo Pani🇮🇹 · Antonio Riotto🇨🇭 · Salvatore Vitale🇺🇸

    The possible existence of primordial black holes in the stellar mass window has received considerable attention because their mergers may contribute to current and future gravitational-wave detections. Primordial black hole mergers, together with mergers of black holes originating from Population~III stars, are expected to dominate at high redshifts ($z\gtrsim 10$). However the primordial black hole merger rate density is expected to rise monotonically with redshift, while Population~III mergers can only occur after the birth of the first stars. Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as Cosmic Explorer~(CE) and Einstein Telescope~(ET) can access this distinctive feature in the merger rates as functions of redshift, allowing for a direct measurement of the abundance of the two populations, and hence for robust constraints on the abundance of primordial black holes. We simulate four-months worth of data observed by a CE-ET detector network and perform hierarchical Bayesian analysis to recover the merger rate densities. We find that if the Universe has no primordial black holes with masses of $\mathcal{O}(10M_{\odot })$, the projected upper limit on their abundance $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}$ as a fraction of dark matter energy density may be as low as $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-5})$, about two orders of magnitude lower than current upper limits in this mass range. If instead $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}\gtrsim 10^{-4}$, future gravitational wave observations would exclude $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}=0$ at the 95\% credible interval.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phApJL(2022)·83 citations
36. 36*

    Mass Renormalization in Lattice Simulations of False Vacuum Decay

    Jonathan Braden🇨🇦 · Matthew C. Johnson🇨🇦 · Hiranya V. Peiris🇬🇧 · Andrew Pontzen🇬🇧 · Silke Weinfurtner🇬🇧

    False vacuum decay, a quantum mechanical first-order phase transition in scalar field theories, is an important phenomenon in early universe cosmology. Recently, real-time semi-classical techniques based on ensembles of lattice simulations were applied to the problem of false vacuum decay. In this context, or any other lattice simulation, the effective potential experienced by long-wavelength modes is not the same as the bare potential. To make quantitative predictions using the real-time semi-classical techniques, it is therefore necessary to understand the redefinition of model parameters and the corresponding deformation of the vacuum state, as well as stochastic contributions that require modeling of unresolved subgrid modes. In this work, we focus on the former corrections and compute the expected modification of the true and false vacuum effective mass, which manifests as a modified dispersion relationship for linear fluctuations about the vacuum. We compare these theoretical predictions to numerical simulations and find excellent agreement. Motivated by this, we use the effective masses to fix the shape of a parameterized effective potential, and explore the modeling uncertainty associated with non-linear corrections. We compute the decay rates in both the Euclidean and real-time formalisms, finding qualitative agreement in the dependence on the UV cutoff. These calculations further demonstrate that a quantitative understanding of the rates requires additional corrections.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·22 citations
37. 37*

    Enhancement or damping of fast neutrino flavor conversions due to collisions

    Rasmus S. L. Hansen🇩🇰 · Shashank Shalgar🇩🇰 · Irene Tamborra🇩🇰

    Fast neutrino flavor conversion can occur in core-collapse supernovae or compact binary merger remnants when non-forward collisions are also at play, and neutrinos are not fully decoupled from matter. This work aims to shed light on the conditions under which fast flavor conversion is enhanced or suppressed by collisions. By relying on a neutrino toy model with three angular bins in the absence of spatial inhomogeneities, we consider two angular configurations: The first one with angular distributions of ${\nu }_e$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ that are almost isotropic as expected before complete neutrino decoupling and showing little flavor conversion when collisions are absent. The second one with angular distributions of ${\nu }_e$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ that are forward peaked as expected in the free-streaming regime and showing significant flavor conversion in the absence of collisions. By including angle-independent, direction-changing collisions, we find that collisions are responsible for an overall enhancement (damping) of flavor conversion in the former (latter) angular configuration. These opposite outcomes are due to the non-trivial interplay between collisions, flavor conversion, and the initial angular distributions of the electron type neutrinos. The enhancement in neutrino flavor conversion is found to be anticorrelated with the magnitude of flavor conversions in the absence of collisions.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2022)·39 citations
38. 38*

    Experimental limit on non-linear state-dependent terms in quantum theory

    Mark Polkovnikov🇺🇸 · Alexander V. Gramolin🇺🇸 · David E. Kaplan🇺🇸 · Surjeet Rajendran🇺🇸 · Alexander O. Sushkov🇺🇸

    We report the results of an experiment that searches for causal non-linear state-dependent terms in quantum field theory. Our approach correlates a binary macroscopic classical voltage with the outcome of a projective measurement of a quantum bit, prepared in a coherent superposition state. Measurement results are recorded in a bit string, which is used to control a voltage switch. Presence of a non-zero voltage reading in cases of no applied voltage is the experimental signature of a non-linear state-dependent shift of the electromagnetic field operator. We implement blinded measurement and data analysis with three control bit strings. Control of systematic effects is realized by producing one of the control bit strings with a classical random-bit generator. The other two bit strings are generated by measurements performed on a superconduting qubit in an IBM Quantum processor, and on a ${}^{15}$N nuclear spin in an NV center in diamond. Our measurements find no evidence for electromagnetic quantum state-dependent non-linearity. We set a bound on the parameter that quantifies this non-linearity $|{ϵ}_{\gamma }|<4.7\times 10^{-11}$, at 90% confidence level. Within the Everett many-worlds interpretation of quantum theory, our measurements place limits on the electromagnetic interaction between different branches of the universe, created by preparing the qubit in a superposition state.

    ↳ quant-phgr-qchep-phphysics.ins-detPRL(2023)·14 citations
39. 39*

    Ab-initio QCD calculations impact the inference of the neutron-star-matter equation of state

    Tyler Gorda🇩🇪 · Oleg Komoltsev🇳🇴 · Aleksi Kurkela🇳🇴

    We demonstrate that ab-initio calculations in QCD at high densities offer significant and nontrivial information about the equation of state of matter in the cores of neutron stars, going beyond that which is obtainable from current astrophysical observations. We do so by extrapolating the equation of state to neutron-star densities using a Gaussian process and conditioning it sequentially with astrophysical observations and QCD input. Using our recent work, imposing the latter does not require an extrapolation to asymptotically high density. We find the QCD input to be complementary to the astrophysical observations, offering strong additional constraints at the highest densities reached in the cores of neutron stars; with the QCD input, the equation of state is no longer prior dominated at any density. The QCD input reduces the pressure and speed of sound at high densities, and it predicts that binary collisions of equal-mass neutron stars will produce a black hole with greater than $95\%$ ($68\%$) credence for masses $M\ge 1.38M_{\odot }$ ($M\ge 1.25M_{\odot }$). We provide a Python implementation of the QCD likelihood function so that it can be conveniently used within other inference setups.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·174 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.