Tue·Apr 19, 2022Tuesday·April 19, 2022

1. 01*

   Precise predictions for V+2 jet backgrounds in searches for invisible Higgs decays

   Jonas M. Lindert🇬🇧 · Stefano Pozzorini🇨🇭 · Marek Schönherr🇬🇧

   We present next-to-leading order QCD and electroweak (EW) theory predictions for $V+2$jet production, with $V=Z,W^{\pm }$, considering both the QCD and EW production modes and their interference. We focus on phase-space regions where $V+2$jet production is dominated by vector-boson fusion, and where these processes yield the dominant irreducible backgrounds in searches for invisible Higgs boson decays. Predictions at parton level are provided together with detailed prescriptions for their implementation in experimental analyses based on the reweighting of Monte Carlo samples. The key idea is that, exploiting accurate data for $W+2$jet production in combination with a theory-driven extrapolation to the $Z+2$jet process can lead to a determination of the irreducible background at the few-percent level. Particular attention is devoted to the estimate of the residual theoretical uncertainties due to unknown higher-order QCD and EW effects and their correlation between the different $V+2$jet processes, which is key to improve the sensitivity to invisible Higgs decays.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·13 citations
2. 02*

   Neutrino dipole portal at electron colliders

   Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Mao Song🇨🇳 · Ran Ding🇨🇳 · Liangwen Chen🇨🇳

   We propose to search for a heavy neutral lepton (HNL), that is also know as sterile neutrino, in electron colliders running with the center-of-mass energies at few GeV, including BESIII, Belle II, and the proposed Super Tau Charm Factory (STCF). We consider the HNL interacting with Standard Model neutrino and photon via a transition magnetic moment, the so-called dipole portal.We use the monophoton signature at electron colliders to probe the constraints on the active-sterile neutrino transition magnetic moments $d$ as the function of the HNL's mass $m_N$.It is found that BESIII, Belle II and STCF can probe the upper limits for $d$ down to 1.3 $\times 10^{-5}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$, 8 $\times 10^{-6}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$, and 1.3 $\times 10^{-6}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ with $m_N$ around GeV scale, respectively, and have sensitivity to the previously unexplored parameter space for electron- ($d_e$) and tau-neutrino ($d_{\tau }$) dipole portal with $m_N$ from dozens to thounsands MeV. On $d_{\mu }$ for HNL mixing with the {muon}-neutrino, Belle II and STCF can also provide leading constraints.

   hep-phPLB(2022)·13 citations
3. 03*

   Enhancement of the $\text{W}$ boson mass in the Georgi-Machacek model

   Poulami Mondal🇮🇳

   The recent CDF-II measurement of the mass of the $W$ boson shows a significant tension with the Standard Model (SM) expectation, even when averaged with earlier measurements. The tension can be explained in the framework of any beyond-SM dynamics that contributes substantially to the oblique $S$ and $T$ parameters. As a typical example of such beyond-SM physics, we try to explain the tension in the framework of the Georgi-Machacek model that keeps $\rho =1$ at the tree-level, and explore the parameter space that can accommodate the $W$ mass shift. We find that a sizeable split between the custodial triplet and 5-plet of scalars can help alleviate the tension to a large extent, and raise the $W$-mass by about 30 MeV over its SM value.

   hep-phPLB(2022)·49 citations
4. 04*

   The THDMa and possible $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ signatures

   Tania Robens🇭🇷

   I here discuss the THDMa, a type II two Higgs doublet model that is enhanced by an additional pseudoscalar which serves as a portal to the dark matter sector containing a fermionic dark matter andidate. I present a recent scan of the models parameter space where all parameters are allowed to float freely, and discuss prospects for this model at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders for cases that are not covered in standard THDM searches.

   hep-ph0 citations
5. 05*

   Primordial black holes and dark matter mass spectrum

   Teruyuki Kitabayashi🇯🇵

   Because primordial black holes (PBHs) evaporate into all particle species in nature, PBHs may emit several dark matter (DM) particle species with specific mass spectra. We assume that PBHs are the only source of DMs, and DMs only interact with the standard model particles gravitationally. We show a relation between the number of DM particle species $N_{\mathrm{DM}}$ and initial PBH density $\beta$ and mass $M_{\mathrm{BH}}^{\mathrm{in}}$. $\beta$-$M_{\mathrm{BH}}^{\mathrm{in}}$ curves for different $N_{\mathrm{DM}}$ tend to overlap with each other for heavy initial PBHs. We also show that the allowed region of DM masses for multiple DM.

   hep-phPTEP(2022)·10 citations
6. 06*

   Backward-Angle ($u$-channel) Production at an Electron-Ion Collider

   Daniel Cebra🇺🇸 · Xin Dong🇺🇸 · Yuanjing Ji🇺🇸 · Spencer R. Klein🇺🇸 · Zachary Sweger🇺🇸

   In backward photoproduction of mesons, $\gamma p\to Mp$, the target proton takes most of the photon momentum, while the produced meson recoils in the direction from which the photon came. Thus the Mandelstam $u$ is small, while the squared momentum transfer $t$ is typically large, near the kinematic limit. In a collider geometry, backward production transfers the struck baryon by many units of rapidity, in a striking similarity to baryon stopping. We explore this similarity, and point out the similarities between the Regge theories used to model baryon stopping with those that are used for backward production. We then explore how backward production can be explored at higher energies than are available at fixed target experiments, by studying production at an electron-ion collider. We calculate the expected $ep$ cross sections and rates, finding that the rate for backward $\omega$ production is about 1/300 that of forward $\omega$s. We discuss the kinematics of backward production and consider the detector requirements for experimental study.

   hep-phPRC(2022)·8 citations
7. 07*

   Can leptophilic-ALP be a solution to the muon $(g-2)$ anomaly?

   Sougata Ganguly🇮🇳 · Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya🇮🇳 · Sourov Roy🇮🇳

   In the light of recent measurement of muon $(g-2)$, we investigate the phenomenological implications of an axion-like particle (ALP) which only couples to the standard model charged leptons. We find that in a narrow mass range of ALP, it can alleviate the tension between the theoretical prediction and experimental observation of $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ once we consider all possible one and two-loop diagrams. In particular, ALP can either explain the muon $(g-2)$ anomaly for $5\mathrm{GeV}\lesssim m_a\lesssim 6\mathrm{GeV}$ while satisfying the other experimental constraints, or be restricted by it.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·5 citations
8. 08*

   Impact of lattice $s(x)-\bar{s}(x)$ data in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis

   Tie-Jiun Hou🇹🇼 · Huey-Wen Lin🇺🇸 · Mengshi Yan🇨🇳 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸

   We study the impact of the lattice data on the determination of the strangeness asymmetry distribution $s_{-}(x)\equiv s(x)-\bar{s}(x)$ in the general CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. Firstly, we find that allowing a non-vanishing $s_{-}(x)$, at the initial $Q_0=1.3$ GeV scale, in a global PDF analysis leads to the quality of the CT18As fit similar to CT18A. Secondly, including the lattice data in the CT18As\_Lat fit greatly reduces the $s_{-}$-PDF error band size in the large $x$ region. To further reduce its error would require more precise lattice data, extended to smaller $x$ values.

   hep-phhep-lat15 citations
9. 09*

   A toy model for the W/Z mass ratio

   Robert A. Wilson🇬🇧

   The recently reported $7\sigma$ anomaly in measurements of the W/Z mass ratio, if confirmed, will demand an extension of some kind to the standard model of particle physics. In this paper I consider whether some recently proposed models are capable, in principle, of resolving this anomaly, subject to experimental confirmation.

   hep-ph10 citations
10. 10*

    Geometrical scaling of heavy-quark contributions in the low $x$ region

    G.R.Boroun🇮🇷

    We describe the determination of the heavy quarks structure functions $F_{2,L}^{\mathcal{Q}\bar{\mathcal{Q}}}$ with help of the scaling properties. We observe that the structure functions for inclusive charm and bottom production exhibits geometric scaling at low $x$. The geometrical scaling means that the heavy quark structure function is a function of only one dimensionless variable $\tau \equiv Q^2/Q_{sat}^2(x)$ including quark mass. These results are valid for any value of $\delta$, being $x^{-\delta }$ the behavior of the parton densities at low $x$. The determination of the heavy quark structure function is presented as a parameterization of the proton structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and its derivative. Analytical expressions for $F_{2,L}^{\mathcal{Q}\bar{\mathcal{Q}}}$ in terms of the effective parameters of the parameterization of $F_2(x,Q^2)$ ,with respect to the BDH and ASW models, are presented. To study the heavy quark production processes, we use the collinear results in DAS approach. Numerical calculations and comparison with HERA data demonstrate that the suggested method provides reliable $F_2^{\mathcal{Q}\bar{\mathcal{Q}}}$, $R^{c\bar{c}}$ and ${\sigma }^{\mathcal{Q}\bar{\mathcal{Q}}}$ at low $x$ in a wide range of the low absolute four-momentum transfers squared ($4{\mathrm{GeV}}^2<Q^2<2000{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$). Also, in the HERA kinematic range, the ratio of $F_2^{c\bar{c}}/F_2^{b\bar{b}}$, $F_2^{c\bar{c}}/F_2^{BDHM}$ and $F_2^{b\bar{b}}/F_2^{BDHM}$ are obtained. Expanding the method to low and ultra low values of $x$ can be considered in the process analysis of the LHeC and FCC-eh colliders.

    hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2022)·2 citations
11. 11*

    Explaining the $W$ boson mass anomaly and dark matter with a $U(1)$ dark sector

    Kai-Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Wan-Zhe Feng🇨🇳

    The $W$ boson mass recently reported by the CDF collaboration shows a deviation from the standard model prediction with an excess at $7\sigma$ level. We investigate two simple extensions of the standard model with an extra $U(1)$ dark sector. One is the $U(1{)}_x$ extension, where the $U(1{)}_x$ gauge field mixes with the standard model through gauge kinetic terms. The other is a general $U(1{)}_{\mathbf{A}Y+\mathbf{B}q}$ extension of the standard model. Fitting various experimental constraints we find the $U(1{)}_x$ extension with only kinetic mixing can enhance the $W$ boson mass for at most 10~MeV. While the $U(1{)}_{\mathbf{A}Y+\mathbf{B}q}$ extension can easily generate 77~MeV enhancement of the $W$ boson mass and also offer a viable dark matter candidate with mass ranging from several hundred GeV to TeV, which may be detected by future dark matter direct detection experiments with improved sensitivities.

    hep-phCPC(2023)·66 citations
12. 12*

    Melting of heavy vector mesons and quasinormal modes in a finite density plasma from holography

    Luis A. H. Mamani🇧🇷 · Defu Hou🇨🇳 · Nelson R. F. Braga🇧🇷

    In this work, we investigate the melting of charmonium states within a holographic QCD model in the context of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) theory. In the dual field theory, the model describes the heavy mesons inside a finite temperature and density medium. First, we calculate the spectrum at zero temperature. Then, at finite temperature, we obtain the spectral functions, where the heavy vector meson are represented by peaks. We show that the charmonium melts down at temperatures above the confinement/deconfinement temperature of the quark-gluon plasma. We also observe that the chemical potential speeds up the melting process. This finding is in agreement with results previously reported in the literature. In the gravitational side of the theory, we solve the perturbation equations in the hydrodynamics limit. From this result, we read off the diffusion coefficient by comparing the dispersion relation against the corresponding result obtained in the dual field theory. We also investigate the behavior of the diffusion coefficient as a function of the temperature. The perturbation equations are solved numerically, in order to get the quasinormal frequencies. We report the emergence of a new mode whose real part increases rapidly at a certain value of the chemical potential while its imaginary part decreases with the increasing of the chemical potential. Finally, by comparing against results obtained in the conformal plasma, we observe that the real part of the frequency increases, while the imaginary part decreases when we consider the non-conformal plasma.

    hep-phgr-qchep-thPRD(2022)·25 citations
13. 13*

    Dynamical mass generation in Minkowski space at QCD scale

    Dyana C. Duarte🇧🇷 · Tobias Frederico🇧🇷 · Wayne de Paula🇧🇷 · Emanuel Ydrefors🇧🇷

    We undertake the challenging task to reveal the properties of dressed light-quarks in the space- and time-like regions. For that aim, we solved the Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) in Minkowski space for the quark propagator in a QCD inspired model, focusing on the realization of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) in the large coupling regime. The DSE is considered in the quenched approximation within the rainbow-ladder truncation with a massive gluon and a Pauli-Villars term, which is used to tune the infrared (IR) physics of the model. The solution of the DSE in Minkowski space is performed by resorting to the integral representation of the quark self-energy and propagator, which leads to a coupled set of closed self-consistent equations for the spectral densities, taking into account finite on-mass-shell renormalization. The parameters of the model are chosen such that the gluon mass scale is consistent with recent lattice QCD (LQCD) calculations, the Pauli-Villars mass is lowered down to about 1 GeV to concentrate strength in the infrared momentum region, and the coupling constant and renormalized mass are tuned to reproduce LQCD results for the quark mass function in the Landau gauge. Future application to study the pion consistently with DCSB within the Bethe-Salpeter framework with self-energies in Minkowski space is also delineated.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·22 citations
14. 14*

    Tri-photon at muon collider: a new process to probe the anomalous quartic gauge couplings

    Ji-Chong Yang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Bin Qing🇨🇳 · Xue-Ying Han🇨🇳 · Yu-Chen Guo🇨🇳 · Tong Li🇨🇳

    The muon collider has recently received a great deal of attention because of its ability to achieve both high energy and high luminosity. It plays as a gauge boson collider because the vector boson scattering (VBS) becomes the dominant production topology for Standard Model processes starting from a few TeV of collision energy. In this paper, we propose that the process of ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ annihilation into tri-photon is also very sensitive to the search of anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs). We investigate the projected constraints on the transverse operators contributing to aQGCs through ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to Z^{\ast }/{\gamma }^{\ast }\to \gamma \gamma \gamma$ at muon colliders. For the muon collider with $\sqrt{s}=3$ TeV and $\mathcal{L}=1{\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$, the expected constraints are about two orders of magnitude stronger than those at the 13 TeV LHC.

    hep-phJHEP(2020)·32 citations
15. 15*

    Type II Seesaw Leptogenesis

    Neil D. Barrie🇰🇷 · Chengcheng Han🇨🇳 · Hitoshi Murayama🇺🇸

    The Type II Seesaw Mechanism provides a minimal framework to explain the neutrino masses involving the introduction of a single triplet Higgs to the Standard Model. However, this simple extension was believed to be unable to successfully explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe through Leptogenesis. In our previous work (Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 141801), we demonstrated that the triplet Higgs of the Type II Seesaw Mechanism alone can simultaneously generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe and the neutrino masses while playing a role in setting up Inflation. This is achievable with a triplet Higgs mass as low as 1 TeV, and predicts that the neutral component obtains a small vacuum expectation value $v_{\Delta }<10$ keV. We find that our model has very rich phenomenology and can be tested by various terrestrial experiments as well as by astronomical observations. Particularly, we show that the successful parameter region may be probed at a future 100 TeV collider, upcoming lepton flavor violation experiments such as Mu3e, and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. Additionally, the tensor-to-scalar ratio from the inflationary scenario will be probed by the LiteBIRD telescope, and observable isocurvature perturbations may be produced for some parameter choices. In this article, we present all the technical details of our calculations and further discussion of its phenomenological implications.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·41 citations
16. 16*

    Searching $B_c^{\ast }$ via conservation laws

    Chia-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Bing-Dong Wan🇨🇳

    To distinguish $B_c^{\ast +}(1^3{S}_1)$ and $B_c^{+}(1^1{S}_0)$ in the experiments, we propose two methods based on the conservation laws. I. From the angular momentum conservation, a nonzero helicity of $J/\psi$ of $B_c^{(\ast )+}\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}$ would be an evidence of $B_c^{\ast +}$. II. Since $B_c^{+}\to B^{+}\varphi$ is kinematically forbidden, $B_c^{\ast +}\to B^{+}\varphi$ provides a clean channel to probe $B_c^{\ast +}$\,. Particularly, our results show that $B_c^{\ast +}$ is promising to be observed at LHC via $B_c^{(\ast )+}\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}$. On the other hand, we find that $\mathcal{B}(B_c^{\ast +}\to B^{+}\varphi )=(7.0\pm 3.0)\times 10^{-9}$, which is also feasible to be measured at the forthcoming experiments at HL-LHC and FCC-hh.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·7 citations
17. 17*

    Introduction to Charged Lepton Flavour Violation

    Marco Ardu🇫🇷 · Gianantonio Pezzullo🇺🇸

    Neutrino masses provide evidence of lepton flavour violation, but no violation in the interactions among the charged leptons has been observed yet. Many models of Physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) predict Charged Lepton Flavour Violation (CLFV) in a wide spectrum of processes with rates in reach of upcoming experiments. The experimental searches that provide the current best limits on the CLFV searches are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the muon-based experiments that give the most stringent constraints on BSM parameter space. The next generation of muon-based experiments (MEG-II, Mu2e, COMET, Mu3e) aim to reach improvements by many orders of magnitude w.r.t. the current best limits, thanks to several technological advancements. We review popular heavy BSM theories, and we present the calculations of the predicted CLFV branching ratios, focusing on the more sensitive $\mu \to e$ sector.

    hep-phhep-exUniverse(2022)·57 citations
18. 18*

    Two-Body Strong Decay of the 2P and 3P Charmonium states

    Zhi-Hui Wang🇨🇳 · Guo-Li Wang🇨🇳

    Two-body open charm strong decays of the $2P$ and $3P$ charmonium states are studied by the Bethe-Salpeter(BS) method combined with the ${}^3{P}_0$ model. The wave functions and mass spectra of the $2P$ and $3P$ charmonium states are obtained by solving the BS equation with the relativistic correction. The strong decay widths and relative ratios of the $2P$ and $3P$ charmonium states are calculated. Comparing our results with the experimental data, we obtain some interesting results. Considering the $X^{\ast }(3860)$ as the ${\chi }_{c0}(2P)$, the total strong decay width is smaller than the experimental data. But the strong decay width depends on the parameter $\gamma$ in the ${}^3{P}_0$ model, and the mass and width of the $X^{\ast }(3860)$ have large errors, we cannot rule out the possibility that the $X^{\ast }(3860)$ is the ${\chi }_{c0}(2P)$. The $X(4160)$ is a good candidate for the ${\chi }_{c0}(3P)$, not only the strong decay width of the ${\chi }_{c0}(3P)$ is same as the experimental data, but the relative ratios $\frac{\Gamma ({\chi }_{c0}(3P)\to D\bar{D})}{\Gamma ({\chi }_{c0}(3P)\to D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast })}\approx 0.0019<0.09$, and $\frac{\Gamma ({\chi }_{c0}(3P)\to D{\bar{D}}^{\ast })}{\Gamma ({\chi }_{c0}(3P)\to D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast })}=0<0.22$ are consistent with the experimental results of the $X(4160)$. Taking the $X(4274)$ as the ${\chi }_{c1}(3P)$, the strong decay width is consistent with the experimental data, so the $X(4274)$ is a good candidate for the ${\chi }_{c1}(3P)$. Assigning the $X(4350)$ as the ${\chi }_{c2}(3P)$, the corresponding strong decay width is slightly larger than the experimental data. To identify if the $X(4350)$ is ${\chi }_{c2}(3P)$, many more investigations are needed. All of the strong decay widths and relative ratios of the $2P$ and $3P$ charmonium states can provide the useful information to discover and confirm these particles in the future.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·21 citations
19. 19*

    Electromagnetic multipole structure of a spin-one particle: Abel tomography case

    June-Young Kim🇩🇪

    We investigate the three-dimensional~(3D) and two-dimensional~(2D) charge distributions of a spin-one particle in terms of the multipole expansion. On account of the geometrical difference between 2D and 3D spaces, projecting the 3D electric distribution to the 2D one in the Breit frame brings about the influence of the quadrupole distribution upon the monopole one. Thus, the 2D charge distribution becomes spin-dependent. This effect should be sorted out from the relativistic effects arising from the Lorentz boost. We first provide the connections between the 2D and 3D distributions in the Breit frame in terms of the angle-dependent Abel transformation. We then provide the differential equations that enable us to map 2D distributions in the Breit frame to those in the infinite momentum frame.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·20 citations
20. 20*

    Type II Dirac Seesaw with Observable $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in the light of W-mass Anomaly

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Satyabrata Mahapatra🇮🇳 · Dibyendu Nanda🇰🇷 · Narendra Sahu🇮🇳

    We propose a type II seesaw model for light Dirac neutrinos to provide an explanation for the recently reported anomaly in W boson mass by the CDF collaboration with $7\sigma$ statistical significance. In the minimal model, the required enhancement in W boson mass is obtained at tree level due to the vacuum expectation value of a real scalar triplet, which also plays a role in generating light Dirac neutrino mass. Depending upon the couplings and masses of newly introduced particles, we can have thermally or non-thermally generated relativistic degrees of freedom $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in the form of right handed neutrinos which can be observed at future cosmology experiments. Extending the model to a radiative Dirac seesaw scenario can also accommodate dark matter and lepton anomalous magnetic moment.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPLB(2022)·81 citations
21. 21*

    Scaling properties of elastic proton-proton scattering at LHC energies

    C. Baldenegro🇫🇷 · C. Royon🇺🇸 · A. Stasto🇺🇸

    The TOTEM Collaboration has measured the differential cross section of elastic proton-proton scattering $\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}|t|$ at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$, 7, 8, and 13 TeV. It is observed that all $\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}|t|$ data points vary in the same way as a function of the center-of-mass energy in the so-called "dip" and "bump" regions. These features hint at possible universal properties of elastic scattering. Based on these empirical observations, and taking inspiration from saturation models, we propose a simple scaling law for proton-proton elastic scattering at LHC energies. We find that the $\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}|t|$ at LHC energies fall onto a universal curve when they are mapped to the scaling variables $\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}|t|\times (s/{\text{TeV}}^2{)}^{-0.305}$ versus $(s/{\text{TeV}}^2{)}^{0.065}(|t|/{\text{GeV}}^2{)}^{0.72}$. Some implications of this scaling law in the impact parameter picture of the scattering amplitudes are explored.

    hep-phPLB(2022)·19 citations
22. 22*

    Type III seesaw under $A_4$ modular symmetry with leptogenesis

    Priya Mishra🇮🇳 · Mitesh Kumar Behera🇮🇳 · Papia Panda🇮🇳 · Rukmani Mohanta🇮🇳

    We make an attempt to study neutrino phenomenology in the framework of type-III seesaw by considering $A_4$ modular symmetry in the super-symmetric context. In addition, we have included a local $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ symmetry which eventually helps us to avoid certain unwanted terms in the superpotential. Hitherto, the seesaw being type-III, it involves three fermion triplet superfields ${\Sigma }_R$, along with which, we have included a singlet weighton field $(\rho )$. In here, modular symmetry plays a crucial role by avoiding the usage of excess flavon (weighton) fields. Also, the Yukawa couplings acquire modular forms which are expressed in terms of Dedekind eta function $\eta (\tau )$. However, for numerical analysis we use $q$ expansion expressions of these couplings. Therefore, the model discussed here is triumphant enough to accommodate the observed neutrino oscillation data and also successfully explains observed baryon asymmetry of the universe through leptogenesis.

    hep-phEPJC(2022)·28 citations
23. 23*

    $W$ boson mass shift and muon magnetic moment in the Zee model

    Talal Ahmed Chowdhury🇧🇩 · Julian Heeck🇺🇸 · Shaikh Saad🇨🇭 · Anil Thapa🇺🇸

    The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has recently reported a new precision measurement of the $W$~boson mass showing a substantial $7\sigma$ deviation from the Standard Model prediction. Moreover, Fermilab has recently confirmed the longstanding tension in the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ measurement. We propose a unified solution to these deviations within the simplest radiative neutrino mass model: the Zee model. Our analysis establishes non-trivial links between the origin of neutrino mass, the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly, and the $W$~boson mass shift while being consistent with lepton flavor violation and all other experimental constraints. We find that the mass spectrum of the physical scalars must be hierarchical to be consistent with the $W$~boson mass shift; remarkably, this is also the key to resolving the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ tension. Furthermore, this mass splitting offers a unique same-sign dimuon signal through which our model can be tested at the LHC.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·61 citations
24. 24*

    Proton Stability: From the Standard Model to Beyond Grand Unification

    Juven Wang🇺🇸 · Zheyan Wan🇨🇳 · Yi-Zhuang You🇺🇸

    A proton is known for its longevity, but what is its lifetime? While many Grand Unified Theories predict the proton decay with a finite lifetime, we show that the Standard Model (SM) and some versions of Ultra Unification (which replace sterile neutrinos with new exotic gapped/gapless sectors, e.g., topological or conformal field theory under global anomaly cancellation constraints) with a discrete baryon plus lepton symmetry permit a stable proton. For the 4d SM with $N_f$ families of 15 or 16 Weyl fermions, in addition to the continuous baryon minus lepton U(1)${}_{\mathbf{B}-\mathbf{L}}$ symmetry, there is also a compatible discrete baryon plus lepton ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2N_f,\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{L}}$ symmetry. The ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2N_f,\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{L}}$ is discrete due to the ABJ anomaly under the BPST SU(2) instanton. Although both U(1)${}_{\mathbf{B}-\mathbf{L}}$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2N_f,\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{L}}$ symmetries are anomaly-free under the dynamical SM gauge field, it is important to check whether they have mixed anomalies with the gravitational background field and higher symmetries (whose charged objects are Wilson electric or 't Hooft magnetic line operators) of SM. We can also replace the U(1)${}_{\mathbf{B}-\mathbf{L}}$ with a discrete variant ${\mathbb{Z}}_{4,X}$ for $X\equiv 5(\mathbf{B}-\mathbf{L})-\frac{2}{3}\tilde{Y}$ of electroweak hypercharge $\tilde{Y}$. We explore a systematic classification of candidate perturbative local and nonperturbative global anomalies of the 4d SM, including all these gauge and gravitational backgrounds, via a cobordism theory, which controls the SM's deformation class. We discuss the proton stability of the SM and Ultra Unification in the presence of discrete $\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{L}$ symmetry protection, in particular (U(1)${}_{\mathbf{B}-\mathbf{L}}\times {\mathbb{Z}}_{2N_f,\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{L}})/{\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathrm{F}}$ or $({\mathbb{Z}}_{4,X}\times {\mathbb{Z}}_{2N_f,\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{L}})/{\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathrm{F}}$ symmetry with the fermion parity ${\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathrm{F}}$.

    hep-phcond-mat.str-elhep-lathep-thPRD(2022)·31 citations
25. 25*

    The 2HD+a model for a combined explanation of the possible excesses in the CDF ${\mathbf{M}}_{\mathbf{W}}$ measurement and $(\mathbf{g}-2{)}_{\mu }$ with Dark Matter

    Giorgio Arcadi🇮🇹 · Abdelhak Djouadi🇪🇸

    The new measurement of the $W$ boson mass performed by the CDF experiment at the Tevatron shows a significant deviation not only with the expectation in the Standard Model but also with other precision measurements performed at LEP, the Tevatron and the LHC. We nevertheless take this new measurement at face value and interpret it as an effect of new physics. We particularly try to link it with other possible anomalies such as the recent muon $g-2$ and consider a scenario that addresses some shortcomings of the Standard Model. We show that a model with two doublets and a light pseudoscalar Higgs fields, supplemented by a stable isosinglet fermion, can simultaneously explain the possible $M_W$ and $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomalies and accounts for the weakly interacting massive particle that could be responsible of the dark matter in the universe.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·78 citations
26. 26*

    Timelike behavior of the pion electromagnetic form factor in the functional formalism

    Vladimir Sauli🇨🇿

    The electromagnetic form factor of the pion is calculated within the use of functional formalism. We develop integral representation for the minimal set of Standard Model Green's functions and derive the dispersion relation for the form factor in the two flavor QCD isospin limit $m_u=m_d$. We use the dressed quark propagator as obtained form the gap equation in Minkowski space and within the Dyson-Schwinger equations formalism to derive the approximate dispersion relation for the form factor for the first time. We evaluate the form factor for the spacelike as well as for the timelike momentum in the presented formalism. A new Nakanishi-like form of integral representation is proved on the basis of the vector Bethe-Salpeter equation for the quark-photon vector with a ladder-rainbow kernel. The Gauge Technique turns out to be a part of the entire structure of the vertex. In the analytic approach presented here, it is shown that the a large amount of the $\rho$-meson peak in the cross section $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ is governed by the gauge invariance of QED/QCD, i.e. by Gauge Technique constructed quark-photon vertex. This approximation naturally explains the broad shape of the $\rho$-meson peak.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·10 citations
27. 27*

    Beta-decay implications for the W-boson mass anomaly

    Vincenzo Cirigliano🇺🇸 · Wouter Dekens🇺🇸 · Jordy de Vries🇳🇱 · Emanuele Mereghetti🇺🇸 · Tom Tong🇩🇪

    We point out the necessity to consider $\beta$-decay observables in resolutions of the $W$-boson anomaly in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory that go beyond pure oblique corrections. We demonstrate that present global analyses that explain the $W$-boson mass anomaly predict a large, percent-level, violation of first-row CKM unitarity. We investigate what solutions to the $W$-boson mass anomaly survive after including $\beta$-decay constraints.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·51 citations
28. 28*

    Full Electroweak O(alpha) corrections to Higgs boson production processes with the beam polarization at the International Linear Collider

    Nhi My Uyen Quach🇯🇵 · Junpei Fujimoto🇯🇵 · Yoshimasa Kurihara🇯🇵

    We present the full O(alpha) electroweak radiative corrections to 9 Higgs boson production with the beam polarization at the International Linear Collider(ILC). The computation is performed with the help of GRACE-Loop. We compared the full O(alpha) electroweak radiative corrections with the factorized initial state radiation(ISR) effects to estimate the pure weak corrections. This reveals the pure weak corrections are not negligible and should be taken into account for the precision measurements of the Higgs boson property at the ILC experiments.

    hep-phPTEP(2022)·2 citations
29. 29*

    Astrometric Gravitational-Wave Detection via Stellar Interferometry

    Michael A. Fedderke🇺🇸 · Peter W. Graham🇺🇸 · Bruce Macintosh🇺🇸 · Surjeet Rajendran🇺🇸

    We evaluate the potential for gravitational-wave (GW) detection in the frequency band from 10 nHz to 1 $\mu$Hz using extremely high-precision astrometry of a small number of stars. In particular, we argue that non-magnetic, photometrically stable hot white dwarfs (WD) located at $\sim$ kpc distances may be optimal targets for this approach. Previous studies of astrometric GW detection have focused on the potential for less precise surveys of large numbers of stars; our work provides an alternative optimization approach to this problem. Interesting GW sources in this band are expected at characteristic strains around $h_c\sim 10^{-17}\times \left(\mu \text{Hz}/f_{\text{GW}}\right)$. The astrometric angular precision required to see these sources is $\Delta \theta \sim h_c$ after integrating for a time $T\sim 1/f_{\text{GW}}$. We show that jitter in the photometric center of WD of this type due to starspots is bounded to be small enough to permit this high-precision, small-$N$ approach. We discuss possible noise arising from stellar reflex motion induced by orbiting objects and show how it can be mitigated. The only plausible technology able to achieve the requisite astrometric precision is a space-based stellar interferometer. Such a future mission with few-meter-scale collecting dishes and baselines of $\mathcal{O}(100\text{ km})$ is sufficient to achieve the target precision. This collector size is broadly in line with the collectors proposed for some formation-flown, space-based astrometer or optical synthetic-aperture imaging-array concepts proposed for other science reasons. The proposed baseline is however somewhat larger than the km-scale baselines discussed for those concepts, but we see no fundamental technical obstacle to utilizing such baselines. A mission of this type thus also holds the promise of being one of the few ways to access interesting GW sources in this band.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·20 citations
30. 30*

    Observational constraints on nonlinear matter extensions of general relativity: Separable trace power models

    E.-A. Kolonia🇬🇷 · C. J. A. P. Martins🇵🇹

    The search for the physical mechanism underlying the observational evidence for the acceleration of the recent universe is a compelling goal of modern fundamental cosmology. Here we quantitatively study a class of homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models in which the matter side of Einstein's equations includes, in addition to the canonical term, a term proportional to the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, $T=\rho -3p$, and constrain these models using low redshift background cosmology data. One may think of these models as extensions of general relativity with a nonlinear matter Lagrangian, and they can be studied either as phenomenological extensions of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, containing both matter and a cosmological constant, or as direct alternatives to it, where there is no cosmological constant but the additional terms would have to be responsible for accelerating the universe. Overall, our main finding is that parametric extensions of $\Lambda$CDM are tightly constrained, with additional model parameters being constrained to their canonical behaviours to within one standard deviation, while alternative models in this class (which do not have a $\Lambda$CDM limit) are ruled out. This provides some insight on the level of robustness of the $\Lambda$CDM model and on the parameter space still available for phenomenological alternatives and extensions.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2022)·4 citations
31. 31*

    Cosmic microwave background spectral distortions from Rayleigh scattering at second order

    Atsuhisa Ota🇨🇳

    Cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectral distortion from Rayleigh scattering is calculated for the first time in rigorous second-order cosmological perturbation theory. The new spectral distortion is sensitive to acoustic dissipation at $10^{-2}<k\mathrm{Mpc}/h<1$, which slightly extends the scale constrained by the CMB anisotropies. The spectral shape is different from either temperature perturbations or any other traditional spectral distortions from Compton scattering, such as $y$ and $\mu$. The new spectral distortion is not formed in the late Universe, unlike the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect degenerated with the primordial $y$ distortions since photons must be hot for Rayleigh scattering. Therefore, ideal measurements can distinguish the signal from the other effects and extract new information during recombination. Assuming cosmological parameters consistent with the recent CMB anisotropy measurements, we find the new spectral distortion is $6.5\times 10^{-3}$Jy/str, which is one order of magnitude smaller than the currently proposed target sensitivity range of voyage 2050.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·0 citations
32. 32*

    What "quenches" $g_A$ in nuclei ?

    Mannque Rho🇫🇷

    The answer is found in the way the hidden scale symmetry involving a dilaton emerges in strong nuclear correlations in nuclear matter. It is suggested that the same mechanism is at the origin at higher densities of the sound speed converging in the core of massive compact stars to what could be called ``pseudo-conformal sound speed" $v_s^2/c^2\approx 1/3$. A precision measurement of the superallowed Gamow-Teller transitions in the doubly magic nucleus ${}^{100}$Sn is suggested to confirm or falsify this prediction. It could also lead to the possible determination of genuine ``fundamental renormalization" of $g_A$ in nuclear medium.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
33. 33*

    Deconstructing Ünsal-Yaffe Reconfinement

    Herbert Neuberger🇺🇸

    In the UY reconfined phase on a lattice the thermal trace is over states transforming in all $SU(N)/Z(N)$ irreducible representations as opposed to only over $SU(N)$ singlets in the standard formulation. As $N\to \infty$, on a finite lattice, the usual Hilbert space becomes orthogonal to the deformed one. Concerns about the extended UY proposal for large $N$ Eguchi-Kawai reduction are raised.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPLB(2022)·0 citations
34. 34*

    Unveiling dark fifth forces with linear cosmology

    Maria Archidiacono🇮🇹 · Emanuele Castorina🇮🇹 · Diego Redigolo🇨🇭 · Ennio Salvioni🇨🇭

    We initiate the exploration of the cosmology of dark fifth forces: new forces acting solely on Dark Matter. We focus on long range interactions which lead to an effective violation of the Equivalence Principle on cosmological scales today. At the microscopic level, the dark fifth force can be realized by a light scalar with mass smaller than the Hubble constant today ($\lesssim 10^{-33}\text{eV}$) coupled to Dark Matter. We study the behavior of the background cosmology and linear perturbations in such a Universe. At the background level, the new force modifies the evolution of the Dark Matter energy density and thus the Hubble flow. At linear order, it modifies the growth of matter perturbations and generates relative density and velocity perturbations between Dark Matter and baryons that grow over time. We derive constraints from current CMB and BAO data, bounding the strength of the dark fifth force to be less than a percent of gravity. These are the strongest constraints to date. We present potential implications of this scenario for the Hubble tension and discuss how our results are modified if the light scalar mediator accounts for the observed density of the Dark Energy. Finally, we comment on the interplay between our constraints and searches for violations of the Equivalence Principle in the visible sector.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2022)·75 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.