Thu·Apr 7, 2022Thursday·April 7, 2022

1. 01*

   The $Hb\bar{b}$ vertex at four loops and hard matching coefficients in SCET for various currents

   Amlan Chakraborty🇺🇸 · Tobias Huber🇩🇪 · Roman N. Lee🇷🇺 · Andreas von Manteuffel🇺🇸 · Robert M. Schabinger🇺🇸 · Alexander V. Smirnov🇷🇺 · Vladimir A. Smirnov🇷🇺 · Matthias Steinhauser🇩🇪

   We compute the four-loop corrections to the Higgs-bottom vertex within massless QCD and present analytic results for all color structures. The infrared poles of the renormalized form factor agree with the predicted four-loop pattern. Furthermore, we use the results for the Higgs-bottom, photon-quark, and Higgs-gluon form factors to provide hard matching coefficients in soft-collinear effective theory up to four-loop accuracy.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·34 citations
2. 02*

   Massive quarks in NLO dipole factorization for DIS: Transverse photon

   G. Beuf🇵🇱 · T. Lappi🇫🇮 · R. Paatelainen🇫🇮

   We calculate the light cone wave functions for the QCD Fock components in a transverse virtual photon necessary for applications at next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling, including quark masses. We present a detailed calculation of both the one loop wave function for the quark-antiquark Fock component and the tree level wave function for the quark-antiquark-gluon Fock component. The quark masses are renormalized in the pole mass scheme, satisfying constraints from the requirement of Lorentz invariance. In particular the quark Pauli form factor at NLO is recovered from the on-shell limit of the quark-antiquark Fock component. We use our result to calculate the next-to-leading order correction to the high energy deep inelastic scattering (DIS) transverse structure function on a dense target in the dipole factorization framework. Together with our earlier result for longitudinal photons, this completes the calculation of the total deep inelastic scattering cross section in the dipole picture with massive quarks at next-to-leading order, enabling a comparison with experimental data.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·55 citations
3. 03*

   An updated review of the new hadron states

   Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳 · Yan-Rui Liu🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

   The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated review of the recent experimental and theoretical progresses in this active field. Besides the conventional heavy hadrons, we shall also review the recently observed open heavy flavor tetraquark states $X(2900)$ and $T_{cc}^{+}(3875)$ as well as the hidden heavy flavor multiquark states $X(6900)$, $P_{cs}(4459{)}^0$, $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$, $Z_{cs}(4000{)}^{+}$, and $Z_{cs}(4220{)}^{+}$. We will also cover the recent progresses on the glueballs and light hybrid mesons, which are the direct manifestations of the non-Abelian $SU(3)$ gauge interaction of the Quantum Chromodynamics in the low-energy region.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1Rept.Prog.Phys.(2023)·785 citations
4. 04*

   Lepton pair photoproduction in peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions

   Ren-jie Wang🇨🇳 · Shuo Lin🇨🇳 · Shi Pu🇨🇳 · Yi-fei Zhang🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳

   We study the lepton pair photoproduction in peripheral heavy-ion collisions based on the formalism in our previous work [Phys. Rev. D 104, 056011 (2021)]. We present the numerical results for the distributions of the transverse momentum, azimuthal angle and invariant mass for $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ and ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ pairs as functions of the impact parameter and other kinematic variables in Au+Au collisions. Our calculation incorporates the information on the transverse momentum and polarization of photons which is essential to describe the experimental data. We observe a broadening effect in the transverse momentum for lepton pairs with and without smear effects. We also observe a significant enhancement in the distribution of $\cos (2\phi )$ for ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ pairs. Our results provide a baseline for future studies of other higher order corrections beyond Born approximation and medium effects in the lepton pair production.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·29 citations
5. 05*

   Theoretical analysis of the leptonic decays $B\to \ell \ell \ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$: Identical leptons in the final state

   Mikhail A. Ivanov🇷🇺 · Dmitri Melikhov🇷🇺

   We study the effects of the identical leptons in the final state of the $B^{+}\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{\ell }^{+}{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decay. The amplitude of the process is described by the same form factors as the amplitude of the $B\to \ell \ell {\ell }^{\prime }{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }^{\prime }$ decay for non-identical leptons in the final state. However, the differential distributions are strongly different, as the $B^{+}\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{\ell }^{+}{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ amplitude contains both the direct ($M_a$) and the exchange ($M_b$) diagrams. We calculate a number of the differential distirbutions. In particular, we propose an interesting observable that can be readily measured experimentally - the differential distribution over the invariant mass of the pair of leptons of the same charge, ${\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{+}$. The good news is that the interference between $M_a$ and $M_b$, $d{\mathcal{B}}_{ab}$, is found to be at the level of less than 1\% in all considered differental distributions and therefore can be neglected in the full kinematical region of this decay.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·8 citations
6. 06*

   Precision measurements of the Lepton-Charge and Forward-Backward Drell-Yan Asymmetries to Enhance the Sensitivity to Broad Resonances of New Gauge Sectors

   Francesco Giuli🇨🇭

   We study the impact of future measurements of lepton-charge and forward-backward asymmetries in Drell-Yan processes in regions of transverse and invariant masses near the Standard Model gauge bosons peaks to improve the Parton Distribution Functions uncertainties. We study the implications on $W^{{}^{\prime }}$ and $Z^{{}^{\prime }}$ searches following the reduction of these uncertainties. We find that the sensitivity to the Beyond the Standard Model states is greatly increased with respect to the case of base Parton Distribution Functions sets, thereby enabling one to set more stringent limits on (or indeed discover) such new particles.

   hep-ph0 citations
7. 07*

   Light-by-light scattering cross-section measurements at LHC

   G. K. Krintiras🇺🇸 · I. Grabowska-Bold🇵🇱 · M. Kłusek-Gawenda🇵🇱 · É. Chapon🇫🇷 · R. Chudasama🇮🇳 · R. Granier de Cassagnac🇫🇷

   This note represents an attempt to gather the input related to light-by-light scattering ($\gamma \gamma$) cross-section measurements at LHC with the aim of checking the consistency with different standard model predictions. For the first time, we also consider the contribution from the ${\eta }_b(1S)$ meson production to the diphoton invariant mass distribution, by calculating its inclusive photoproduction cross-section. Using a simplified set of assumptions, we find a result of $115\pm 19\text{nb}$, consistent with standard model predictions within two standard deviations. Although an improved determination of the integrated fiducial $\text{PbPb}(\gamma \gamma )\to {\text{Pb}}^{(\ast )}\text{+}{\text{Pb}}^{(\ast )}\gamma \gamma$ cross-section by approximately 10\% could be potentially achieved relative to current measurements, further improvements are expected with the inclusion of existing or forthcoming LHC nuclear data.

   hep-phnucl-ex9 citations
8. 08*

   Towards interferometry of neutrino electromagnetism

   Mariia Petropavlova🇨🇿 · Adam Smetana🇨🇿

   It is predicted within the Standard Model of elementary particles that asymmetric neutrino environments cause rotation of linear polarization of electromagnetic wave -- the birefringence. We demonstrate that this effect is strongly enhanced if additionally the photon is propagating through refractive medium, which effectively increases the photon exposure to the neutrino medium. Our estimate for infrared laser beam in $1\mathrm{m}$ long optical fiber exposed to reactor anti-neutrino flux results in linear polarization rotation by the angle $\sim 4.6\times 10^{-39}\mathrm{rad}$. We also derive the proper dependence of the effect on the angle between the directions of photon and neutrino propagation in the laboratory frame. For that purpose we derive the correct form of the basis of polarization four-vectors, which differs from the one widely used in literature. We also estimate the sub-leading optical effect of the neutrino medium due to the neutrino dipole magnetic moment, in terms of a variation of the refractive index and its angular dependence. A rough monochromatic approximation points towards the existence of a resonant enhancement of the effect.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Snowmass2021 - White Paper, Implications of Energy Peak for Collider Phenomenology: Top Quark Mass Determination and Beyond

   Kaustubh Agashe🇺🇸 · Sagar Airen🇺🇸 · Roberto Franceschini🇮🇹 · Doojin Kim🇺🇸 · Deepak Sathyan🇺🇸

   We first review the decade-old, broad collider physics research program dubbed energy-peaks. We consider the energy distribution of a massless particle in the lab frame arising from the two-body decay of a heavy particle produced unpolarized, whose boost distribution is arbitrary. Remarkably, the location of the peak of this child particle's energy distribution is identical to its single-valued energy in the rest frame of the parent, which is a function of the parent's mass and that of the other decay product. We summarize generalizations to other types of decay and a variety of applications to BSM. The energy-peak idea can also furnish a measurement of the top quark via the energy of the bottom quark from its decay, which, based on the "parent-boost-invariance," is less sensitive to details of the production mechanism of the top quark (cf.~most other methods assume purely SM production of the top quarks, hence are subject to uncertainties therein, including a possible BSM contribution). The original proposal along this line was to simply use the $b$-jet energy as a very good approximation to the bottom quark energy. This method has been successfully implemented by the CMS collaboration. However, the $b$-jet energy-peak method is afflicted by the jet-energy scale (JES) uncertainty. Fortunately, this drawback can be circumvented by using the decay length of a $B$-hadron contained in the $b$-jet as a proxy for the bottom quark energy. An interesting proposal is to then appropriately dovetail the above two ideas resulting in a "best of both worlds" determination of the top quark mass, i.e., based on a measurement of the $B$-hadron decay length, but improved by the energy-peak concept: this would be free of JES uncertainty and largely independent of the top quark production model. We summarize here the results of such an analysis which is to appear in a forthcoming paper.

   hep-phhep-ex3 citations
10. 10*

    Mass Spectra and Semileptonic Decays of Doubly Heavy $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ Baryons

    Zahra Ghalenovi🇮🇷 · Cheng-Ping Shen🇨🇳 · Masumeh Moazzen Sorkhi🇮🇷

    In the framework of a non-relativistic quark model, the mass spectra of the ground and excited states of doubly heavy $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ baryons are calculated. We estimate the mass difference between the $\Omega$ and corresponding $\Xi$ baryons as $M_{\Omega }-M_{\Xi }\simeq 178$ MeV for all the states containing $cc,bc$, or $bb$ quarks. A simple form of the universal Isgur-Wise function, as the transition form factor between the doubly heavy baryons, is introduced. Working in the close-to-zero recoil limit, we investigate the $b\to c$ semileptonic decay widths and branching fractions of the doubly heavy baryons. The obtained results are compared with other theoretical predictions.

    hep-phPLB(2022)·16 citations
11. 11*

    Search for the $Z^{\prime }$ boson decaying to a right-handed neutrino pair in leptophobic $\mathrm{U}(1)$ models

    Mathew Thomas Arun🇮🇳 · Arpan Chatterjee🇮🇳 · Tanumoy Mandal🇮🇳 · Subhadip Mitra🇮🇳 · Ananya Mukherjee🇮🇳 · Krishna Nivedita🇮🇳

    The $U(1)$ extensions of the Standard Model contain a heavy neutral gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$. If leptophobic, the boson can evade the stringent bounds from the dilepton resonance searches. We consider two theoretically well-motivated examples of leptophobic $U(1)$ extensions in which the $Z^{\prime }$ decays to right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) with substantial branchings. The coexistence of a leptophobic $Z^{\prime }$ and the RHNs opens up a new possibility of searching for these particles simultaneously through the production of a $Z^{\prime }$ at the LHC and its decay to a RHN pair. For this decay to occur, the RHNs need to be lighter than the $Z^{\prime }$. Hence, we study this process in an inverse seesaw setup where the RHNs can be in the TeV range. However, in this case, they have a pseudo-Dirac nature, i.e., a RHN pair would produce only opposite-sign lepton pairs, as opposed to the Majorana-type neutrinos, which can produce both same- and opposite-sign lepton pairs. Hence, the final state we study has a same-flavour opposite-sign lepton pair plus hadronically-decaying boosted $W$ bosons. Our analysis shows that the high luminosity LHC can discover a TeV-scale leptophobic $Z^{\prime }$ decaying via a RHN pair in a wide range of available parameters. Interestingly, large parameter regions beyond the reach of future dijet-resonance searches can be probed exclusively through our channel.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·15 citations
12. 12*

    Cosmology from Strong Interactions

    Andrea Addazi🇨🇳 · Torbjörn Lundberg🇸🇪 · Antonino Marcianò🇨🇳 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Michal Šumbera🇨🇿

    The wealth of theoretical and phenomenological information about Quantum Chromodynamics at short and long distances collected so far in major collider measurements has profound implications in cosmology. We provide a brief discussion on the major implications of the strongly coupled dynamics of quarks and gluons as well as on effects due to their collective motion on the physics of the early universe and in astrophysics.

    hep-phgr-qcUniverse(2022)·12 citations
13. 13*

    The analytic two-loop soft function for leading-jet $p_T$

    Samuel Abreu🇨🇭 · Jonathan R. Gaunt🇬🇧 · Pier Francesco Monni🇨🇭 · Robert Szafron🇺🇸

    We present the calculation of the two-loop soft function for the transverse momentum distribution of the leading jet produced in association with any colour-singlet system (e.g.~a Higgs or a $Z$ boson). This constitutes a central ingredient for the resummation of the above distribution as well as the jet-vetoed cross section at the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order, both of which play an important role in the precision physics programme at the Large Hadron Collider. The calculation is performed in soft-collinear effective theory with an appropriate regularisation of the rapidity divergences that occur in the phase-space integrals. We obtain analytic results by employing an exponential regulator and by taking a Laurent expansion in the jet radius $R$. All expressions are presented as ancillary files with this article.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·14 citations
14. 14*

    Grand unification and the Planck scale: An $SO(10)$ example of radiative symmetry breaking

    Aaron Held🇩🇪 · Jan Kwapisz🇵🇱 · Lohan Sartore🇫🇷

    Grand unification of gauge couplings and fermionic representations remains an appealing proposal to explain the seemingly coincidental structure of the Standard Model. However, to realise the Standard Model at low energies, the unified symmetry group has to be partially broken by a suitable scalar potential in just the right way. The scalar potential contains several couplings, whose values dictate the residual symmetry at a global minimum. Some (and possibly many) of the corresponding symmetry-breaking patterns are incompatible with the Standard Model and therefore non-admissible. Here, we initiate a systematic study of radiative symmetry breaking to thereby constrain viable initial conditions for the scalar couplings, for instance, at the Planck scale. We combine these new constraints on an admissible scalar potential with well-known constraints in the gauge-Yukawa sector into a general blueprint that carves out the viable effective-field-theory parameter space of any underlying theory of quantum gravity. We exemplify the constraining power of our blueprint within a non-supersymmetric $SO(10)$ GUT containing a ${16}_H$- and a ${45}_H$-dimensional scalar representation. We explicitly demonstrate that the requirement of successful radiative symmetry breaking to the correct subgroups significantly constraints the underlying microscopic dynamics. The presence of non-admissible radiative minima can even entirely exclude specific breaking chains: In the $SO(10)$ example, Pati-Salam breaking chains cannot be realised since the respective minima are never the deepest ones.

    hep-phgr-qchep-thJHEP(2022)·15 citations
15. 15*

    Constraining New Physics with Borexino Phase-II spectral data

    Pilar Coloma🇪🇸 · M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia🇺🇸 · Michele Maltoni🇪🇸 · João Paulo Pinheiro🇪🇸 · Salvador Urrea🇪🇸

    We present a detailed analysis of the spectral data of Borexino Phase II, with the aim of exploiting its full potential to constrain scenarios beyond the Standard Model. In particular, we quantify the constraints imposed on neutrino magnetic moments, neutrino non-standard interactions, and several simplified models with light scalar, pseudoscalar or vector mediators. Our analysis shows perfect agreement with those performed by the collaboration on neutrino magnetic moments and neutrino non-standard interactions in the same restricted cases and expands beyond those, stressing the interplay between flavour oscillations and flavour non-diagonal interaction effects for the correct evaluation of the event rates. For simplified models with light mediators we show the power of the spectral data to obtain robust limits beyond those previously estimated in the literature.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·88 citations
16. 16*

    Dynamics of non-Gaussian fluctuations in model A

    Thomas Schaefer🇺🇸 · Vladimir Skokov🇺🇸

    Motivated by the experimental search for the QCD critical point we perform simulations of a stochastic field theory with purely relaxational dynamics (model A). We verify the expected dynamic scaling of correlation functions. Using a finite size scaling analysis we obtain the dynamic critical exponent $z=2.026(56)$. We investigate time dependent correlation functions of higher moments $M^n(t)$ of the order parameter $M(t)$ for $n=1,2,3,4$. We obtain dynamic scaling with the same critical exponent $z$ for all $n$, but the relaxation constant depends on $n$. We also study the relaxation of $M^n(t)$ after a quench, where the simulation is initialized in the high temperature phase, and the dynamics is studied at the critical temperature $T_c$. We find that the evolution does not follow simple scaling with the dynamic exponent $z$, and that it involves an early time rise followed by late stage relaxation.

    ↳ nucl-thcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phPRD(2022)·26 citations
17. 17*

    Vector boson scattering from the lattice

    Patrick Jenny🇦🇹 · Axel Maas🇦🇹 · Bernd Riederer🇦🇹

    We study vector-boson scattering of the physical, gauge-invariant states in a reduced standard-model setup on the lattice for various parameter sets. To this end, the phase shift in the scalar channel is determined using a Lüscher-type analysis. The results can be readily interpreted in terms of the Higgs properties and a reunitarized Fröhlich-Morchio-Strocchi analysis at Born level. The only deviation appears for a Higgs mass below the elastic threshold, where we find a negative scattering length indicative of the bound-state nature of the physical scalar degree of freedom. We assess the possible implications for an experimental detection of the effect.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phPRD(2022)·20 citations
18. 18*

    Phase transitions in de Sitter: The stochastic formalism

    José Eliel Camargo-Molina🇸🇪 · Arttu Rajantie🇬🇧

    The stochastic spectral expansion method offers a simple framework for calculations in de Sitter spacetimes. We show how to extend its reach to metastable vacuum states, both in the case when the potential is bounded from below, and when it is unbounded from below and therefore no stable vacuum state exists. In both cases, the decay rate of the metastable vacuum is given by the lowest non-zero eigenvalue associated to the Fokker-Planck equation. We show how the corresponding eigenfunction determines the field probability distribution which can be used to compute correlation functions and other observables in the metastable vacuum state.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·12 citations
19. 19*

    Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves from Warm Inflation

    Richa Arya🇮🇳 · Arvind Kumar Mishra🇮🇳

    Stochastic gravitational waves can be induced from the primordial curvature perturbations generated during inflation, through scalar-tensor mode coupling at the second order of cosmological perturbation theory. Here we discuss a model of warm inflation in which large curvature perturbations are generated at the small scales because of inflaton dissipation. These overdense perturbations then collapse at later epoch to form primordial black holes, as was studied in our earlier work (Ref. \cite{Arya:2019wck}), and therefore may also act as a source to the second-order tensor perturbations. In this study, we calculate the spectrum of these secondary gravitational waves from our warm inflationary model. We find that our model leads to a generation of scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGW) over a frequency range ($1-10^6$) Hz. Further, we discuss the detection possibilities of these SIGWs, taking in account the sensitivity of different ongoing and future gravitational wave experiments.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2022)·14 citations
20. 20*

    Testing Lorentz invariance of electrons with LHAASO observations of PeV gamma-rays from the Crab Nebula

    Chengyi Li🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

    The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory~(LHAASO) recently reported the detection of gamma-ray emissions with energies up to $1.1\text{PeV}$ from the Crab Nebula. Using the absence of vacuum Cherenkov effect by inverse-Compton electrons, we improve previous bounds to linear-order Lorentz invariance violation (LV) in the dispersion relations of electrons by $10^4$ times. We show that the LV effect on electrons is severely constrained, compatible with certain type of LV as expected by some models of quantum gravity~(QG), such as the string/D-brane inspired space-time foam. We argue that such models are supported by the Crab Nebula constraints from the LHAASO observations, as well as various LV phenomenologies for photons to date.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPLB(2022)·21 citations
21. 21*

    What is the $i\epsilon$ for the S-matrix?

    Holmfridur S. Hannesdottir🇺🇸 · Sebastian Mizera🇺🇸

    Can the S-matrix be complexified in a way consistent with causality? Since the 1960's, the affirmative answer to this question has been well-understood for $2\to 2$ scattering of the lightest particle in theories with a mass gap at low momentum transfer, where the S-matrix is analytic everywhere except at normal-threshold branch cuts. We ask whether an analogous picture extends to realistic theories, such as the Standard Model, that include massless fields, UV/IR divergences, and unstable particles. Especially in the presence of light states running in the loops, the traditional $i\epsilon$ prescription for approaching physical regions might break down, because causality requirements for the individual Feynman diagrams can be mutually incompatible. We demonstrate that such analyticity problems are not in contradiction with unitarity. Instead, they should be thought of as finite-width effects that disappear in the idealized $2\to 2$ scattering amplitudes with no unstable particles, but might persist at higher multiplicity. To fix these issues, we propose an $i\epsilon$-like prescription for deforming branch cuts in the space of Mandelstam invariants without modifying the analytic properties. This procedure results in a complex strip around the real part of the kinematic space, where the S-matrix remains causal. In addition to giving a pedagogical introduction to the analytic properties of the perturbative S-matrix from a modern point of view, we illustrate all the points on explicit examples, both symbolically and numerically. To help with the investigation of related questions, we introduce a number of tools, including holomorphic cutting rules, new approaches to dispersion relations, as well as formulae for local behavior of Feynman integrals near branch points.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phSpringerBriefs in Physics (2023), ISBN 97…·74 citations
22. 22*

    Coupling Metric-Affine Gravity to a Higgs-Like Scalar Field

    Claire Rigouzzo🇨🇭 · Sebastian Zell🇨🇭

    General Relativity (GR) exists in different formulations. They are equivalent in pure gravity but generically lead to distinct predictions once matter is included. After a brief overview of various versions of GR, we focus on metric-affine gravity, which avoids any assumption about the vanishing of curvature, torsion or non-metricity. We use it to construct an action of a scalar field coupled non-minimally to gravity. It encompasses as special cases numerous previously studied models. Eliminating non-propagating degrees of freedom, we derive an equivalent theory in the metric formulation of GR. Finally, we give a brief outlook to implications for Higgs inflation.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2022)·61 citations
23. 23*

    Phase Transitions in de Sitter: Quantum Corrections

    José Eliel Camargo-Molina🇸🇪 · Mariana Carrillo González🇬🇧 · Arttu Rajantie🇬🇧

    We investigate the decay rate of a false vacuum state in de Sitter space at high Hubble rates, using two methods: the Hawking-Moss instanton method which is fully quantum mechanical but relies on the saddle-point approximation, and the Starobinsky-Yokoyama stochastic approach which is non-perturbative but does not include quantum effects. We use the flux-over-population method to compute the Hawking-Moss decay rate at one-loop order, and demonstrate that in its domain of validity, it is reproduced by the stochastic calculation using the one-loop constraint effective potential. This suggests that the stochastic approach together with the constraint effective potential can be used to accurately describe vacuum decay beyond the saddle-point approximation.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·13 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.