Mon·Mar 28, 2022Monday·March 28, 2022

1. 01*

   Preheating in Palatini Higgs inflation on the lattice

   Frédéric Dux🇨🇭 · Adrien Florio🇺🇸 · Juraj Klarić🇧🇪 · Andrey Shkerin🇺🇸 · Inar Timiryasov🇩🇰

   We study preheating following Higgs inflation in the Palatini formulation of gravity. We numerically evolve perturbations of the radial mode of the Higgs field and that of three scalars modeling the gauge bosons. We compare the two non-perturbative mechanisms of growth of excitations -- parametric resonance and tachyonic instability -- and confirm that the latter plays the dominant role. Our results provide further evidence that preheating in Palatini Higgs inflation happens within a single oscillation of the Higgs field about the bottom of its potential, consistent with the approximation of an instantaneous preheating.

   hep-phgr-qchep-thJCAP(2022)·41 citations
2. 02*

   Snowmass2021 White Paper: Collider Physics Opportunities of Extended Warped Extra-Dimensional Models

   Kaustubh Agashe🇺🇸 · Jack H. Collins🇺🇸 · Peizhi Du🇺🇸 · Majid Ekhterachian🇨🇭 · Sungwoo Hong🇺🇸 · Doojin Kim🇺🇸 · Rashmish K. Mishra🇺🇸 · Deepak Sathyan🇺🇸

   While the warped extra-dimensional models provide an attractive solution to both the gauge and the flavor hierarchy problems, the mass scale of new particles predicted by the minimal models would be beyond the reach of the LHC. Models of extended warped extra dimensions have been proposed to evade these issues and their collider implications have been investigated for the last decade. This white paper summarizes the recent developments in the context of collider phenomenology. The strategies and lessons are broad, and provide a template to extend the experimental program, to cover a wider class of signals in other new physics scenarios as well.

   hep-ph2 citations
3. 03*

   Investigating saturation effects and the virtual pion in leading neutron events at HERA with the dipole model

   Arjun Kumar🇮🇳 · Tobias Toll🇮🇳

   We investigate events with very forward neutrons in $ep$ collisions at HERA using impact parameter dependent colour dipole models with and without saturation. This is the first study of the leading neutron process deploying these models. The model predictions are compared with the available HERA measurements for $6<Q^2<100$~GeV${}^2$, $70<W<245$~GeV. Our analysis shows that the models exhibit Feynman scaling, independent of $Q^2$. Our results demonstrate that the $W$ and $Q^2$ dependence of the cross section is independent of the presence of a forward neutron as predicted by the limiting fragmentation hypothesis, which is a consequence of Feynman scaling itself. We infer that the HERA leading neutron production inclusive data is insensitive to saturation physics and these cross sections may not be able to distinguish gluon saturation effects in future $ep$ colliders. We provide a good description of the leading neutron structure function $F_2^{LN}$ at small $x$ using an assumption that the small-$x$ structure of protons and pions is universal up to a normalisation. We also show that the observables in the exclusive diffractive measurements with a vector meson in the final state are more sensitive to saturation physics at small $x$ than inclusive measurements. At last, we provide a prediction for the $\hat{t}$ spectrum in exclusive vector meson production in the dipole model using Yukawa theory to model the virtual pion's spatial wave function.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·7 citations
4. 04*

   Simulation Based Inference for Efficient Theory Space Sampling: an Application to Supersymmetric Explanations of the Anomalous Muon (g-2)

   Logan Morrison🇺🇸 · Stefano Profumo🇺🇸 · Nolan Smyth🇺🇸 · John Tamanas🇺🇸

   For the purpose of minimizing the number of sample model evaluations, we propose and study algorithms that utilize (sequential) versions of likelihood-to-evidence ratio neural estimation.We apply our algorithms to a supersymmetric interpretation of the anomalous muon magnetic dipole moment in the context of a phenomenological minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, and recover non-trivial models in an experimentally-constrained theory space. Finally we summarize further potential possible uses of these algorithms in future studies.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Strange particle production in jets and underlying events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with PYTHIA8 generator

   Pengyao Cui🇨🇳 · Zhongbao Yin🇨🇳 · Liang Zheng🇨🇳

   Strange hadron production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV is studied in jets and underlying events using the PYTHIA8 event generator. Matching strange hadrons to the jet area and the underlying event area is expected to help us disentangle the strange particles produced in hard and soft processes. The yield and the relative production of strange hadrons dependent on the event multiplicity are investigated with the color reconnection and color rope mechanisms implemented in the PYTHIA8 framework. It is found that the inclusive strange hadron productions can be reasonably described by the color reconnection and color rope combined effects. A significant multiplicity dependent enhancement of the strange baryon production in the jet area is observed induced by the modified string fragmentation mechanisms, indicating the strange baryon enhancement persists in both the hard and the soft process. Multi-strange baryons are found to be more collimated with the jet axis than other strange hadrons in the string fragmentation picture with the jet shape analysis technique. Future experimental examination of these jet related strange hadron productions will provide more insight to the origin of strangeness enhancement in small systems.

   hep-phEPJA(2022)·4 citations
6. 06*

   Measuring CP violation in rare $W$ decays at the LHC

   Peng-Cheng Lu🇨🇳 · Zong-Guo Si🇨🇳 · Zhe Wang🇨🇳 · Xing-Hua Yang🇨🇳

   Heavy Majorana neutrinos beyond the standard model can simultaneously explain the origin of tiny neutrino masses and matter-antimatter asymmetry in our Universe. The existence of heavy Majorana neutrinos will also lead to lepton number violation and the rare lepton-number-violating $W$ decays are possible. With contributions from two different Majorana neutrinos, a nonzero CP asymmetry may be generated from the rate difference between $W$ decay and its CP-conjugate process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the prospects for measuring CP violation in rare $W$ decays via Majorana neutrinos at the LHC. Our calculations show that the induced CP asymmetry is independent of the Majorana neutrino mass for $10\mathrm{GeV}<{\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{N}}<70\mathrm{GeV}$. Such a CP asymmetry if observed, would in turn provide unambiguous evidence of new physics beyond the standard model.

   hep-phCPC(2022)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Neutrinos as qubits and qutrits

   Abhishek Kumar Jha🇮🇳 · Akshay Chatla🇮🇳 · Bindu A. Bambah🇮🇳

   We map neutrinos to qubit and qutrit states of quantum information theory by constructing the Poincaré sphere using SU(2) Pauli matrices and SU(3) Gell-Mann matrices, respectively. The construction of the Poincaré sphere in the two-qubit system enables us to construct the Bloch matrix, which yields valuable symmetries in the Bloch vector space of two neutrino systems. By identifying neutrinos with qutrits, we calculate the measures of qutrit entanglement for neutrinos. We use SU(3) Gell-Mann matrices tensor products to construct the Poincaré sphere of two qutrits neutrino systems. The comparison between the entanglement measures of bipartite qubits and bipartite qutrits in the two neutrino system are shown. The result warrants a study of two qutrits entanglement in the three neutrino system.

   hep-phquant-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·17 citations
8. 08*

   Perturbative Calculations of Gravitational Form Factors at Large Momentum Transfer

   Xuan-Bo Tong🇨🇳 · Jian-Ping Ma🇨🇳 · Feng Yuan🇺🇸

   We perform a perturbative QCD analysis of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of nucleon at large momentum transfer. We derive the explicit factorization formula of the GFFs in terms of twist-3 and twist-4 light-cone distribution amplitudes of nucleon. Power behaviors for these GFFs are obtained from the leading order calculations. Numeric results of the quark and gluon contributions to various GFFs are presented with model assumptions for the distribution amplitudes in the literature. We also present the perturbative calculations of the scalar form factor $⟨P^{\prime }|F^2|P⟩$ for pion and proton at large momentum transfer.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·53 citations
9. 09*

   $\cos 2{\varphi }_t$ azimuthal asymmetry in back-to-back $J/\psi$-jet production in $ep\to eJ/\psi JetX$ at the EIC

   Raj Kishore🇮🇳 · Asmita Mukherjee🇮🇳 · Amol Pawar🇮🇳 · Mariyah Siddiqah🇮🇳

   In this article, we investigate the $\cos 2{\varphi }_t$ azimuthal asymmetry in $ep\to eJ/\psi JetX$, where the $J/\psi$-jet pair is almost back-to-back in the transverse plane, within the framework of the generalized parton model(GPM). We use non-relativistic QCD(NRQCD) to calculate the $J/\psi$ production amplitude and incorporate both color singlet(CS) and color octet(CO) contributions to the asymmetry. We estimate the asymmetry using different parameterizations of the gluon TMDs in the kinematics that can be accessed at the future electron-ion collider (EIC) and also investigate the impact of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) evolution on the asymmetry. We present the contributions coming from different states to the asymmetry in NRQCD.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·13 citations
10. 10*

    Angular distributions for ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_J^{\ast }(p{K}^{-})J/\psi$ Decays

    Zhi-Peng Xing🇨🇳 · Fei Huang🇨🇳 · Wei Wang🇨🇳

    We carry out an analysis of the multibody decay cascade ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_J^{\ast }J/\psi \to p{K}^{-}J/\psi$ with the ${\Lambda }_J^{\ast }$ resonance including ${\Lambda }_{1520}^{\ast },{\Lambda }_{1600}^{\ast }$, and ${\Lambda }_{1800}^{\ast }$, and $J/\psi$ reconstructed by the lepton pair final state. Using the helicity amplitude technique, we derive a compact form for the angular distributions for the decay chain, from which one can extract various one-dimensional distributions. Using the ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_J^{\ast }$ form factors from lattice QCD and quark model, we calculate the differential and integrated partial widths. Decay branching fractions are found as $\mathcal{B}({\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_J^{\ast }(pK)J/\psi ({\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}))=(1.35\pm 0.28)\times 10^{-5}$. In addition, we also explore forward-backward asymmetry, and various polarizations. Results in this work will serve a calibration for the study of $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays in ${\Lambda }_b$ decays in future and provide useful information towards the understanding of the properties of the ${\Lambda }_J^{\ast }$ baryons.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·12 citations
11. 11*

    Automation of antenna subtraction in colour space: gluonic processes

    Xuan Chen🇩🇪 · Thomas Gehrmann🇨🇭 · Nigel Glover🇬🇧 · Alexander Huss🇨🇭 · Matteo Marcoli🇨🇭

    We present the colourful antenna subtraction method, a reformulation of the antenna subtraction scheme for next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculations in QCD. The aim of this new approach is to achieve a general and process-independent construction of the subtraction infrastructure at NNLO. We rely on the predictability of the infrared singularity structure of one- and two-loop amplitudes in colour space to generate virtual subtraction terms and, subsequently, we define an automatable procedure to systematically infer the expression of the real subtraction terms, guided by the correspondence between unintegrated and integrated antenna functions. To demonstrate the applicability of the described approach, we compute the full colour NNLO correction to gluonic three-jet production $pp(gg)\to ggg$, in the gluons-only assumption.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·58 citations
12. 12*

    Extracting the $\Lambda$ Polarizing Fragmentation Function from Belle $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Data Within the TMD Formalism

    Marco Zaccheddu🇮🇹 · Umberto D'Alesio🇮🇹 · Leonard Gamberg🇺🇸 · Francesco Murgia🇮🇹

    Data from the Belle Collaboration for associated production (with a light unpolarized hadron) and single-inclusive production of transversely polarized $\Lambda$-hyperons in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation processes allowed to extract within a TMD approach, for the first time, the $\Lambda$ polarizing fragmentation function. Recent theoretical developments on the computation of cross sections for single-inclusive hadron production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation processes, within a Soft Collinear Effective Theory approach, combined with the CSS formalism for the double-hadron production case, can be used to perform a renewed analysis, adopting a full TMD factorization scheme. Preliminary results and a comparison between the two analyses are presented.

    hep-phJPS Conf.Proc.(2022)·2 citations
13. 13*

    Automating scattering amplitudes with chirality flow

    Andrew Lifson🇸🇪 · Malin Sjodahl🇸🇪 · Zenny Wettersten🇸🇪

    Recently we introduced the chirality-flow formalism, a method which builds on the spinor-helicity formalism and is inspired by the color-flow idea in QCD. With this formalism, Feynman rules and diagrams are simplified to the extent that it is often possible to immediately, by hand, write down a helicity amplitude given a Feynman diagram. In this paper we show that the method can also speed up numerical evaluation of scattering amplitudes by considering $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ going to $n$ photons in a MadGraph-based tree-level implementation. We find that the computation time is reduced by roughly a factor ten for six photons, and that it scales better with the number of external particles than the default MadGraph5_aMC@NLO implementation. This performance gain is in part attributed to the more compact Lorentz structures involved, and in part due to a transparent choice of gauge reference vectors which reduces the number of Feynman diagrams considered.

    hep-phEPJC(2022)·7 citations
14. 14*

    No CC-NSI explanation of the Gallium anomaly

    Carlo Giunti🇮🇹 · Christoph Andreas Ternes🇮🇹

    We show that the Gallium anomaly can not be explained by CC-NSI.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
15. 15*

    NLO JIMWLK evolution with massive quarks

    Lin Dai🇮🇱 · Michael Lublinsky🇮🇱

    NLO evolution of the Jalilian-Marian-Iancu-McLerran-Weigert-Leonidov-Kovner (JIMWLK) equation with massless quarks was derived a few years ago. We make a step further to compute the evolution kernels focusing on the effects due to finite quark masses. To this goal, the light-cone wave function of a fast moving dilute hadronic projectile is computed up to $\mathcal{O}(g^3)$ in QCD coupling constant. Compared with the massless case, a new IR divergence emerges, which is eventually canceled by a mass dependent counter term. Our results extend the theoretical tools used in physics of gluon saturation and aim at improving precision in future phenomenological applications.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2022)·11 citations
16. 16*

    KM3NeT upper bounds of detection rates of solar neutrinos from annihilations of dark matter at the solar core

    Aman Gupta🇮🇳 · Debasish Majumdar🇮🇳 · Ashadul Halder🇮🇳

    The Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) so far remain one of the most popular candidates for dark matter. If captured gravitationally inside the core of the Sun, these WIMPs may produce high energy neutrinos as the end product in case they undergo self annihilations at the solar core. In this work, we address the detectability of such neutrinos at the proposed KM3NeT detector. Upper bounds of the detection rate for such neutrinos at KM3NeT are computed for the case of a generic dark matter scenario and also when specific models for particle dark matter are chosen. In this work, upper bounds of muon event rates for different annihilating dark matter masses are computed for each of the cases of dark matter annihilation channels (e.g. $b\bar{b},W^{+}{W}^{-},Z\bar{Z}$ etc). These upper bounds are also computed by considering the dark matter scattering cross-section using upper bounds obtained from PandaX-4T direct dark matter search experiment.

    hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2022)·7 citations
17. 17*

    Direct Detection of Sub-GeV Dark Matter with $s>1$ through the DM-Electron Scattering (I): case study for $s=3/2$ and $s=2$ with (pseudo)scalar mediator

    Ke-yun Wu🇨🇳 · Acckin Lee🇨🇳

    The observable signal of higher-spin particles is rare in current particle collider experiments. In the meantime, there have no evident constraints on the spin of the dark matter particles. And thereby it is natural to consider the possibility that the higher-spin particles behaves as dark matter. In this work, we investigate the direct detection of (spin-$3/2$) gravitino dark matter and (spin-$2$) massive KK-graviton dark matter respectively through the DM-electron scattering. Both the spin-independent (SI) and spin-independent (SD) interactions of DM are considered. Using the experiment datas of XENON10, XENON100 and XENON1T, we could give the restriction relation between the DM mass and cross section. For simplification, we only compute the corss section at leading order, while merely focus on the (pseudo)scalar mediators. Moreover, by evaluating and analyzing the form factor of DM, we uncover that if the mediator is scalar there have no significant signals to distinguish the DM with spin $3/2,2$ from the one with spin $0,1/2,1$.

    hep-ph1 citation
18. 18*

    On $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ From Gauged $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_X$

    Admir Greljo🇨🇭 · Peter Stangl🇨🇭 · Anders Eller Thomsen🇨🇭 · Jure Zupan🇺🇸

    We investigate an economical explanation for the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly with a neutral vector boson from a spontaneously broken $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_X$ gauge symmetry. The Standard Model fermion content is minimally extended by 3 right-handed neutrinos. Using a battery of complementary constraints, we perform a thorough investigation of the renormalizable, quark flavor-universal, vector-like $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_X$ models, allowing for arbitrary kinetic mixing. Out of 419 models with integer charges not greater than ten, only 7 models are viable solutions, describing a narrow region in model space. These are either $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ or models with a ratio of electron to baryon number close to $-2$. The key complementary constraints are from the searches for nonstandard neutrino interactions. Furthermore, we comment on the severe challenges to chiral $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_X$ solutions and show the severe constraints on a particularly promising such candidate.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·30 citations
19. 19*

    Roadmap to explore vectorlike quarks decaying to a new scalar or pseudoscalar

    Akanksha Bhardwaj🇬🇧 · Tanumoy Mandal🇮🇳 · Subhadip Mitra🇮🇳 · Cyrin Neeraj🇮🇳

    The current experimental data allow for a sub-TeV colourless weak-singlet scalar or pseudoscalar. If such a singlet field is present together with TeV-range vectorlike top and bottom partners, there is a possibility that the heavy quarks decay dominantly to the singlet state and a third-generation quark, and the singlet state decays to quark and boson pairs. Such a possibility may arise in various models but it has not been explored experimentally, especially in the context of vectorlike-quark searches. We consider some minimal models, covering the possible weak representations of the top and bottom partners, that can be mapped to many well-motivated ultraviolet-complete theories. We chart out the possible interesting and unexplored signatures of the exotic decay of vectorlike quarks and identify benchmark points representing different signal topologies for the high luminosity LHC. We perform a general scan of the parameter space with the relevant direct search bounds and find that large regions, which do not require any fine-tuning, remain open for the unexplored channels. We also perform a simple projection study in the cleanest channel and indicate how other new but experimentally challenging channels can be used to probe more regions of the parameter space.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·35 citations
20. 20*

    Puzzles in the $B_s^0\to D_s^{\pm }{K}^{\mp }$ System

    Robert Fleischer🇳🇱 · Eleftheria Malami🇳🇱

    Non-leptonic $B_s^0\to D_s^{\pm }{K}^{\mp }$ transitions are particularly interesting processes to test the Standard Model. As these decays occur via pure tree diagrams, they allow a theoretically clean determination of the angle $\gamma$ of the unitarity triangle. Considering recent LHCb results, an intriguing picture arises, showing tension with the Standard Model. Extracting the branching ratios of the underlying ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to D_s^{\pm }{K}^{\mp }$ modes and combining them with information from semileptonic $B_{(s)}$ decays, we arrive at another puzzling situation, in accordance with similar decays. These patterns could be footprints of New Physics. We present a model-independent strategy to include such New-Physics effects and apply it to the data. Interestingly, new contributions of moderate size could accommodate the data. This formalism offers an exciting probe for new sources of CP violation at the future high-precision B physics era.

    hep-phhep-exPoS(2023)·2 citations
21. 21*

    The ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to J/\psi {\pi }^0\eta$ decay and the $a_0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing

    Jia-Ting Li🇨🇳 · Jia-Xin Lin🇨🇳 · Gong-Jie Zhang🇨🇳 · Wei-Hong Liang🇨🇳 · E. Oset🇪🇸

    We study the ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to J/\psi f_0(980)$ and ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to J/\psi a_0(980)$ reactions, and pay attention to the different sources of isospin violation and mixing of $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ resonances where these resonances are dynamically generated from meson-meson interaction. We find that the main cause of isospin violation is the isospin breaking in the meson-meson transition $T$ matrices, and the other source is that the loops involving kaons in the production mechanism do not cancel due to the different masses of the charged and neutral kaons. We obtain a branching ratio for $a_0(980)$ production of the order of $5\times 10^{-6}$. Future experiments can address this problem, and the production rate and shape of the ${\pi }^0\eta$ mass distribution will definitely help to better understand the nature of scalar resonances.

    hep-phCPC(2022)·3 citations
22. 22*

    Femtoscopic study on $D{D}^{\ast }$ and $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interactions for $T_{cc}$ and $X(3872)$

    Yuki Kamiya🇩🇪 · Tetsuo Hyodo🇯🇵 · Akira Ohnishi🇯🇵

    We investigate $D{D}^{\ast }$ and $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ momentum correlations in high-energy collisions to elucidate the nature of $T_{cc}$ and $X(3872)$ exotic hadrons. Single range Gaussian potentials with the channel couplings to the isospin partners are constructed based on the empirical data. The momentum correlation functions of the $D^0{D}^{\ast +}$, $D^{+}{D}^{\ast 0}$, $D^0{\bar{D}}^{\ast 0}$, and $D^{+}{D}^{\ast -}$ pairs are computed with including the coupled-channel effects. We discuss how the nature of the exotic states are reflected in the behaviors of the correlation results.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2022)·67 citations
23. 23*

    Marriage between neutrino mass and flavor anomalies

    J. Julio🇮🇩 · Shaikh Saad🇨🇭 · Anil Thapa🇺🇸

    Experimental hints for lepton flavor universality violation in beauty-quark decay both in neutral- and charged-current transitions require an extension of the Standard Model for which scalar leptoquarks (LQs) are the prime candidates. Besides, these same LQs can resolve the long-standing tension in the muon and the recently reported deviation in the electron $g-2$ anomalies. These tantalizing flavor anomalies have discrepancies in the range of $2.5\sigma -4.2\sigma$, indicating that the Standard Model of particle physics may finally be cracking. In this Letter, we propose a resolution to all these anomalies within a unified framework that sheds light on the origin of neutrino mass. In this model, the LQs that address flavor anomalies run through the loops and generate neutrino mass at the two-loop order while satisfying all constraints from collider searches, including those from flavor physics.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·21 citations
24. 24*

    Catastrophic fate of Schwarzschild black holes in a thermal bath

    Aurélien Barrau🇫🇷 · Killian Martineau🇫🇷 · Cyril Renevey🇫🇷

    Using the Schwarzschild metric as a rudimentary toy model, we pedagogically revisit the curious prediction that the mass of a classical black hole in a constant temperature thermal bath diverges in a finite amount of time. We study in detail how this instability behaves if the temperature of the bath is allowed to vary with time and conclude that whatever the background behavior (but for a zero-measure subspace of the initial conditions), the black hole mass either diverges or vanishes in a finite time if the Hawking radiation is taken into account. The competition between both effects is subtle and not entirely governed by the hierarchy of the relevant temperatures. This instability is also shown to be reached before the background singularity in a contracting universe, which has implications for bouncing models. The results are generalized to spaces with extra dimensions and the main conclusions are shown to remain true. The limitations of the model are reviewed, both from the point of view of the dynamical black hole horizon and from the point of view of the background space expansion. Comparisons with other approaches are suggested and possible developments are underlined.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2022)·13 citations
25. 25*

    Democratizing LHC Data Analysis with ADL/CutLang

    Sezen Sekmen🇰🇷 · Gokhan Unel🇺🇸 · Harrison B. Prosper🇺🇸 · Aytul Adiguzel🇹🇷 · Burak Sen🇹🇷

    Data analysis at the LHC has a very steep learning curve, which erects a formidable barrier between data and anyone who wishes to analyze data, either to study an idea or to simply understand how data analysis is performed. To make analysis more accessible, we designed the so-called Analysis Description Language (ADL), a domain specific language capable of describing the contents of an LHC analysis in a standard and unambiguous way, independent of any computing frameworks. ADL has an English-like highly human-readable syntax and directly employs concepts relevant to HEP. Therefore it eliminates the need to learn complex analysis frameworks written based on general purpose languages such as C++ or Python, and shifts the focus directly to physics. Analyses written in ADL can be run on data using a runtime interpreter called CutLang, without the necessity of programming. ADL and CutLang are designed for use by anyone with an interest in, and/or knowledge of LHC physics, ranging from experimentalists and phenomenologists to non-professional enthusiasts. ADL/CutLang are originally designed for research, but are also equally intended for education and public use. This approach has already been employed to train undergraduate students with no programming experience in LHC analysis in two dedicated schools in Turkey and Vietnam, and is being adapted for use with LHC Open Data. Moreover, work is in progress towards piloting an educational module in particle physics data analysis for high school students and teachers. Here, we introduce ADL and CutLang and present the educational activities based on these practical tools.

    ↳ physics.ed-phhep-phphysics.data-anPoS(2022)·0 citations
26. 26*

    On differences between even and odd anisotropic-flow harmonics in non-equilibrated systems

    Benedikt Bachmann🇩🇪 · Nicolas Borghini🇩🇪 · Nina Feld🇩🇪 · Hendrik Roch🇩🇪

    To assess how anisotropic transverse flow is created in a system out of equilibrium, we compare several kinetic-theoretical models in the few-rescatterings regime. We compare the flow harmonics $v_n$ from three types of transport simulations, with either $2\to 2$ or $2\to 0$ collision kernels and in the former case allowing the particles to rescatter several times or not, and from analytical calculations neglecting the gain term of the Boltzmann equation. We find that the even flow harmonics are similar in all approaches, while the odd ones differ significantly. This suggests that while even $v_n$ harmonics may to a large extent be due to the anisotropic escape probability of particles, this is not the predominant mechanism underlying the odd $v_n$ coefficients.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJC(2023)·10 citations
27. 27*

    Comprehensive Analyses of the Neutrino-Process in the Core-collapsing Supernova

    Heamin Ko🇰🇷 · Dukjae Jang🇰🇷 · Myung-Ki Cheoun🇰🇷 · Motohiko Kusakabe🇨🇳 · Hirokazu Sasaki🇯🇵 · Xingqun Yao🇨🇳 · Toshitaka Kajino🇯🇵 · Takehito Hayakawa🇯🇵 · Masaomi Ono🇯🇵 · Toshihiko Kawano🇺🇸 · Grant J. Mathews🇺🇸

    We investigate the neutrino flavor change effects due to neutrino self-interaction, shock wave propagation as well as matter effect on the neutrino-process of the core-collapsing supernova (CCSN). For the hydrodynamics, we use two models: a simple thermal bomb model and a specified hydrodynamic model for SN1987A. As a pre-supernova model, we take an updated model adjusted to explain the SN1987A employing recent development of the $(n,\gamma )$ reaction rates for nuclei near the stability line $(A\sim 100)$. As for the neutrino luminosity, we adopt two different models: equivalent neutrino luminosity and non-equivalent luminosity models. The latter is taken from the synthetic analyses of the CCSN simulation data which involved quantitatively the results obtained by various neutrino transport models. Relevant neutrino-induced reaction rates are calculated by a shell model for light nuclei and a quasi-particle random phase approximation model for heavy nuclei. For each model, we present abundances of the light nuclei (${}^7$Li, ${}^7$Be, ${}^{11}$B and ${}^{11}$C) and heavy nuclei (${}^{92}$Nb, ${}^{98}$Tc, ${}^{138}$La and ${}^{180}$Ta) produced by the neutrino-process. The light nuclei abundances turn out to be sensitive to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) region around O-Ne-Mg region while the heavy nuclei are mainly produced prior to the MSW region. Through the detailed analyses, we find that neutrino self-interaction becomes a key ingredient in addition to the MSW effect for understanding the neutrino-process and the relevant nuclear abundances. The normal mass hierarchy is shown to be more compatible with the meteorite data. Main nuclear reactions for each nucleus are also investigated in detail.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phApJ(2022)·20 citations
28. 28*

    The Effective Theory of Quantum Black Holes

    Emanuele Binetti🇮🇹 · Manuel Del Piano🇮🇹 · Stefan Hohenegger🇫🇷 · Franco Pezzella🇮🇹 · Francesco Sannino🇩🇰

    We explore the quantum nature of black holes by introducing an effective framework that takes into account deviations from the classical results. The approach is based on introducing quantum corrections to the classical Schwarzschild geometry in a way that is consistent with the physical scales of the black hole and its classical symmetries. This is achieved by organizing the quantum corrections in inverse powers of a physical distance. By solving the system in a self-consistent way we show that the derived physical quantities, such as event horizons, temperature and entropy can be expressed in a well defined expansion in the inverse powers of the black hole mass. The approach captures the general form of the quantum corrections to black hole physics without requiring to commit to a specific model of quantum gravity.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·25 citations
29. 29*

    Relic gravitons at intermediate frequencies and the expansion history of the Universe

    Massimo Giovannini🇨🇭

    The early expansion history of the Universe is constrained by combining the most recent limits on the cosmic gravitons in the audio band and the claimed evidences of the nHz domain. The simplest scenario stipulates that between the end of inflation and the formation of light nuclei the evolution consists of a single phase expanding at a rate that is either faster or slower than the one of radiation. If there are instead multiple post-inflationary stages evolving at different rates, the spectral energy density always undershoots the signals potentially attributed to relic gravitons by the pulsar timing arrays at intermediate frequencies but ultimately develops a local maximum. After examining further complementary possibilities (like the presence of a secondary stage of inflation at low-scales) we analyze the early modifications of the effective expansion rate and argue that if the refractive index of the relic gravitons increases during a conventional inflationary epoch the spectral energy density is blue above the fHz and then flattens out in the $\mu$Hz region. In this instance the signal is compatible with the unconfirmed nHz observations, with the most recent limits of the wide-band interferometers and with the further constraints customarily imposed on the backgrounds of relic gravitons produced during inflation.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-exhep-ph+1PRD(2022)·19 citations
30. 30*

    Upper limits on the dark matter content in globular clusters

    Javier Reynoso-Cordova🇮🇹 · Marco Regis🇮🇹 · Marco Taoso🇮🇹

    We present a systematic analysis on the possible presence of dark mass components inside globular clusters (GCs). A spherical Jeans analysis is applied to the stellar kinematics of 9 nearby GCs. On top of the mass distribution provided by the luminous stellar component, we add either dark matter (DM), described by an NFW mass profile, or an intermediate mass black-hole (IMBH), described by a point-like mass. Their existence would have important implications in the context of indirect DM searches. After profiling over the stellar parameters, we find no evidence neither for DM nor for IMBH. Upper limits on the two components are reported.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2022)·8 citations
31. 31*

    The Cosmological Constant Problem and Running Vacuum in the Expanding Universe

    Joan Sola Peracaula🇪🇸

    It is well-known that quantum field theory (QFT) induces a huge value of the cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, which is outrageously inconsistent with cosmological observations. We review here some aspects of this fundamental theoretical conundrum (`the cosmological constant problem') and strongly argue in favor of the possibility that the cosmic vacuum density ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}$ may be mildly evolving with the expansion rate $H$. Such a `running vacuum model' (RVM) proposal predicts an effective dynamical dark energy without postulating new ad hoc fields (quintessence and the like). Using the method of adiabatic renormalization within QFT in curved spacetime we find that ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}(H)$ acquires a dynamical component $\mathcal{O}(H^2)$ caused by the quantum matter effects. There are also $\mathcal{O}(H^n)$ ($n=4,6,..$) contributions, some of which may trigger inflation in the early universe. Remarkably, the evolution of the adiabatically renormalized ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}(H)$ is not affected by dangerous terms proportional to the quartic power of the masses ($\sim m^4$) of the fields. Traditionally, these terms have been the main source of trouble as they are responsible for the extreme fine tuning feature of the cosmological constant problem. In the context under study, however, the late time ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}(H)$ around $H_0$ is given by a dominant term (${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}^0$) plus the aforementioned mild dynamical component $\propto \nu (H^2-H_0^2)$ (with $|\nu |\ll 1$), which makes the RVM to mimic quintessence. Finally, on the phenomenological side we show that the RVM may be instrumental in alleviating some of the most challenging problems (so-called `tensions') afflicting nowadays the observational consistency of the `concordance' $\Lambda$CDM model, such as the $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPhil.Trans.Roy.Soc.Lond.A(2022)·136 citations
32. 32*

    PeV Tau Neutrinos to Unveil Ultra-High-Energy Sources

    Carlos A. Argüelles🇺🇸 · Francis Halzen🇺🇸 · Ali Kheirandish🇺🇸 · Ibrahim Safa🇺🇸

    The observation of ultra-high-energy EeV-energy cosmogenic neutrinos provides a direct path to identifying the sources of the highest energy cosmic rays; searches have so far resulted in only upper limits on their flux. However, with the realization of cubic-kilometer detectors such as IceCube and, in the near future, KM3NeT, GVD-Baikal, and similar instruments, we anticipate the observation of PeV-energy cosmic neutrinos with high statistics. In this context, we draw attention to the opportunity to identify EeV tau neutrinos at PeV energy using Earth-traversing tau neutrinos. We show that Cherenkov detectors can improve their sensitivity to transient point sources by more than an order of magnitude by indirectly observing EeV tau neutrinos with initial energies that are nominally beyond their reach. This new technique also improves their sensitivity to the ultra-high-energy diffuse neutrino flux by up to a factor of two. Our work exemplifies how observing tau neutrinos at PeV energies provides an unprecedented reach to EeV fluxes.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-ph10 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.