Mon·Mar 21, 2022Monday·March 21, 2022

1. 01*

   Next-to-leading order scalar contributions to $\mu \to e$ conversion

   Vincenzo Cirigliano🇺🇸 · Kaori Fuyuto🇺🇸 · Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf🇨🇳 · Evan Rule🇺🇸

   Within a class of models in which lepton flavor violation is induced dominantly by scalar particle exchanges, we estimate the $\mu \to e$ conversion rate in several nuclei. We include next-to-leading order (NLO) terms in the one- and two-nucleon interactions in chiral effective theory, rectifying some incorrect results in the previous literature. We provide an uncertainty budget for the conversion rates and we find that NLO contributions affect the amplitudes at the level of $10\%$, which could be larger than the uncertainty on the leading order couplings, dominated by the strange and non-strange nucleon sigma terms. We study the implications of our results for testing Higgs-mediated CLFV in the future by combining results from various experimental searches, such as $\mu \to e$ conversion in multiple target nuclei and $\mu \to e\gamma$.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2022)·27 citations
2. 02*

   Adding Flavor to the SMEFT

   Admir Greljo🇨🇭 · Ajdin Palavrić🇨🇭 · Anders Eller Thomsen🇨🇭

   We study the flavor structure of the lepton and baryon number--conserving dimension-6 operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). Building on the work of [1], we define several well-motivated flavor symmetries and symmetry-breaking patterns that serve as competing hypotheses about the ultraviolet (UV) dynamics beyond the SM, not far above the TeV scale. In particular, we consider four different structures in the quark sector and seven in the charged lepton sector. The set of flavor-breaking spurions is (almost) always taken to be the minimal one needed to reproduce the observed charged fermion masses and mixings. For each case, we explicitly construct and count the operators to the first few orders in the spurion expansion, providing ready-for-use setups for phenomenological studies and global fits. We provide a Mathematica package SMEFTflavor to facilitate similar analyses for flavor symmetries not covered in this work.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·75 citations
3. 03*

   Simulation-based Anomaly Detection for Multileptons at the LHC

   Katarzyna Krzyżańska🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸

   Decays of Higgs boson-like particles into multileptons is a well-motivated process for investigating physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). A unique feature of this final state is the precision with which the SM is known. As a result, simulations are used directly to estimate the background. Current searches consider specific models and typically focus on those with a single free parameter to simplify the analysis and interpretation. In this paper, we explore recent proposals for signal model agnostic searches using machine learning in the multilepton final state. These tools can be used to simultaneously search for many models, some of which have no dedicated search at the Large Hadron Collider. We find that the machine learning methods offer broad coverage across parameter space beyond where current searches are sensitive, with a necessary loss of performance compared to dedicated searches by only about one order of magnitude.

   hep-phhep-exphysics.data-anJHEP(2023)·6 citations
4. 04*

   Explaining Flavour Anomalies with Heavy Scalars

   Sokratis Trifinopoulos🇮🇹

   Discrepancies between recent experimental results and their respective Standard Model predictions, known as flavour anomalies, are reported in semileptonic charged and neutral-current $B$-decays, the muon magnetic moment $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$, and the extraction of the Cabibbo angle. In this proceedings, we review two New Physics models that introduce two scalar mediators at the TeV scale and aim at a combined explanation of the flavour anomalies. The first model features the leptoquarks $S_1$ and $S_3$ and provides tree level solutions to both $B$-anomalies and one-loop level solution to the anomalous $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$. The second features the leptoquark $S_1$ and the charged singlet ${\varphi }^{+}$. While $S_1$ provides the same solution to the charged-current $B$-anomaly and $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ as in the first model, ${\varphi }^{+}$ can accommodate the Cabibbo-angle anomaly independently and together with $S_1$ can resolve the neutral-current $B$-anomaly at one-loop.

   hep-phPoS(2022)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Lepton Asymmetric Universe

   Masahiro Kawasaki🇯🇵 · Kai Murai🇯🇵

   The recent observation of ${}^4$He implies that our universe has a large lepton asymmetry. We consider the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism for lepton number generation. In the AD mechanism, non-topological solitons called L-balls are produced, and the generated lepton number is confined in them. The L-balls protect the generated lepton number from being converted to baryon number through the sphaleron processes. We study the formation and evolution of the L-balls and find that the universe with large lepton asymmetry suggested by the recent ${}^4$He measurement can be realized.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2022)·53 citations
6. 06*

   Prediction of five-flavored pentaquarks

   Chao-Wei Shen🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

   We analyze the possibility of the existence of a fully exotic pentaquark state $udsc\bar{b}$, which is made from the five different flavors participarting in the strong interactions. We investigate the coupled channel effects of the $B^{(\ast )}{\Xi }_c-B^{(\ast )}{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ system through $t$-channel vector meson exchange to search for such states. A $B{\Xi }_c$ and a $B{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ bound state are found to have binding energies of about $10-30$~MeV with $B_s{\Lambda }_c$ and $B_c\Lambda$ being the possible decay channels. Similarly, a bound state is formed in the $B^{\ast }{\Xi }_c$ and $B^{\ast }{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ channels, respectively. These states could be searched for through the $pp\to B_c\Lambda X$ or $pp\to B_s^{(\ast )}{\Lambda }_{c}X$ processes by the LHCb collaboration.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thPLB(2022)·10 citations
7. 07*

   A simulation study of tau neutrino events at the ICAL detector in INO

   R. Thiru Senthil (HBNI, Mumbai, IMSc, Chennai)🇮🇳 · D. Indumathi (HBNI, Mumbai, IMSc, Chennai)🇮🇳 · Prashant Shukla (HBNI, Mumbai, BARC, Mumbai)🇮🇳

   We present the first detailed simulation study of tau neutrino-induced charged current (CC) events from atmospheric neutrino interactions in the Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the proposed India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) laboratory. Since the intrinsic atmospheric neutrino flux at few to 10s of GeV energy comprises only electron and muon neutrinos (and anti-neutrinos) with negligible tau neutrino component, any signature of atmospheric tau neutrinos is a signal for neutrino oscillations. We study the tau leptons produced through these CC interactions via their hadronic decay. These events appear as an excess over the neutral current (NC) background where hadrons are the only observable component. We find that the presence of tau neutrinos in the atmospheric neutrino flux can be demonstrated to nearly $4\sigma$ confidence with 10 years data; in addition, these events are sensitive to the neutrino oscillation parameters, ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{23}$ and $|\Delta m_{31}^2|$ (or $|\Delta m_{32}^2|$), in the 2--3 sector. Finally, we show that combining these events with the standard muon analysis which is the core goal of ICAL further improves the precision with which these parameters, especially the octant of ${\theta }_{23}$, can be measured.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·4 citations
8. 08*

   Analysis Description Language: A DSL for HEP Analysis

   Harrison B. Prosper🇺🇸 · Sezen Sekmen🇰🇷 · Gokhan Unel🇺🇸

   We propose to adopt a declarative domain specific language for describing the physics algorithm of a high energy physics (HEP) analysis in a standard and unambiguous way decoupled from analysis software frameworks, and argue that this approach provides an accessible and sustainable environment for analysis design, use and preservation. Prototype of such a language called Analysis Description Language (ADL) and its associated tools are being developed and applied in various HEP physics studies. We present the motivations for using a DSL, design principles of ADL and its runtime interpreter CutLang, along with current physics studies based on this approach. We also outline ideas and prospects for the future. Recent physics studies, hands-on workshops and surveys indicate that ADL is a feasible and effective approach with many advantages and benefits, and offers a direction to which the HEP field should give serious consideration.

   hep-phphysics.comp-phphysics.data-an9 citations
9. 09*

   Semileptonic $B_s\to K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ transitions with the light-cone sum rules

   R. Khosravi🇮🇷

   In the $\mathrm{SU}(3{)}_{\mathrm{F}}$ symmetry limit, using two- and three-particle distribution amplitudes of $B^{\pm }$-meson for $B_s$, the transition form factors of semileptonic $B_s\to K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ decays are calculated in the framework of the light-cone sum rules. The two-particle distribution amplitudes, ${\phi }_{{}_{+}}(\omega )$ and ${\phi }_{{}_{-}}(\omega )$ have the most important contribution in estimation of the form factors $f_{+}(q^2)$, $f_{-}(q^2)$ and $f_T(q^2)$. The knowledge of the behavior of ${\phi }_{{}_{+}}(\omega )$ is still rather limited. Therefore, we consider three different parametrizations for the shapes of ${\phi }_{{}_{+}}(\omega )$ that are derived from the phenomenological models. Using the form factors $f_{+}$, $f_{-}$ and $f_T$, the semileptonic $B_s\to K_0^{\ast }(1430)l\overline{{\nu }_l}$ and $B_s\to K_0^{\ast }(1430)l\bar{l}/\nu \bar{\nu }$, $l=e,\mu ,\tau$ decays are analyzed. The branching fractions for the aforementioned decays, in addition the longitudinal lepton polarization asymmetries are calculated. A comparison between our results with predictions of other approaches is provided.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·9 citations
10. 10*

    Improving Quantum Simulation Efficiency of Final State Radiation with Dynamic Quantum Circuits

    Plato Deliyannis🇺🇸 · James Sud🇺🇸 · Diana Chamaki🇺🇸 · Zoë Webb-Mack🇺🇸 · Christian W. Bauer🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸

    Reference arXiv:1904.03196 recently introduced an algorithm (QPS) for simulating parton showers with intermediate flavor states using polynomial resources on a digital quantum computer. We make use of a new quantum hardware capability called dynamical quantum computing to improve the scaling of this algorithm to significantly improve the method precision. In particular, we modify the quantum parton shower circuit to incorporate mid-circuit qubit measurements, resets, and quantum operations conditioned on classical information. This reduces the computational depth from $\mathcal{O}(N^5{\log }_2(N{)}^2)$ to $\mathcal{O}(N^3{\log }_2(N{)}^2)$ and the qubit requirements are reduced from $\mathcal{O}(N{\log }_2(N))$ to $\mathcal{O}(N)$. Using "matrix product state" statevector simulators, we demonstrate that the improved algorithm yields expected results for 2, 3, 4, and 5-steps of the algorithm. We compare absolute costs with the original QPS algorithm, and show that dynamical quantum computing can significantly reduce costs in the class of digital quantum algorithms representing quantum walks (which includes the QPS).

    hep-phquant-phPRD(2022)·16 citations
11. 11*

    Addendum to "Ultraviolet behaviour of Higgs inflation models"

    Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Anthony Guillen🇫🇷 · Kyriakos Tamvakis🇬🇷

    This article is an addendum to [1]. We extend our computation of the on-shell scattering amplitudes in an arbitrary inflaton background ${\bar{\varphi }}_1$. Although the effective Einstein frame cutoff for ${\bar{\varphi }}_1>>M_P/\sqrt{\xi }$ turns out to be ${\bar{\varphi }}_1$ or $\xi {\bar{\varphi }}_1$ for the $U(1)$ model, this is not the case for the realistic doublet Higgs model where the effective Einstein frame cutoff turns out to be the standard $M_P/\sqrt{\xi }$ for both the Palatini and metric formulations. Then, as it has been pointed out in [1] the background ${\bar{\varphi }}_1$ is the effective Jordan frame cutoff for both the Palatini and metric formulations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJHEP(2021)·41 citations
12. 12*

    Scalar-mediated dark matter model at colliders and gravitational wave detectors -- A White paper for Snowmass 2021

    Jia Liu🇨🇳 · Xiao-Ping Wang🇨🇳 · Ke-Pan Xie🇺🇸

    The weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) have been the most popular particle dark matter (DM) candidate for the last several decades, and it is well known that WIMP can be probed via the direct, indirect and collider experiments. However, the direct and indirect signals are highly suppressed in some scalar-mediated DM models, e.g. the lepton portal model with a Majorana DM candidate. As a result, collider searches are considered as the only hope to probe such models. In this white paper, we propose that the gravitational wave (GW) astronomy also serves as a powerful tool to probe such scalar mediated WIMP models via the potential first-order phase transition GW signals. An example for the lepton portal dark matter is provided, showing the complementarity between collider and GW probes.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-ex2 citations
13. 13*

    Data and Analysis Preservation, Recasting, and Reinterpretation

    Stephen Bailey🇺🇸 · Christian Bierlich🇸🇪 · Andy Buckley🇬🇧 · Jon Butterworth🇬🇧 · Kyle Cranmer🇺🇸 · Matthew Feickert🇺🇸 · Lukas Heinrich🇩🇪 · Axel Huebl🇺🇸 · Sabine Kraml🇫🇷 · Anders Kvellestad🇳🇴 · Clemens Lange🇺🇸 · Andre Lessa🇧🇷 and 6 other authors

    We make the case for the systematic, reliable preservation of event-wise data, derived data products, and executable analysis code. This preservation enables the analyses' long-term future reuse, in order to maximise the scientific impact of publicly funded particle-physics experiments. We cover the needs of both the experimental and theoretical particle physics communities, and outline the goals and benefits that are uniquely enabled by analysis recasting and reinterpretation. We also discuss technical challenges and infrastructure needs, as well as sociological challenges and changes, and give summary recommendations to the particle-physics community.

    hep-phhep-ex20 citations
14. 14*

    Wire metamaterial filled metallic resonators

    Rustam Balafendiev🇷🇺 · Constantin Simovski🇫🇮 · Alexander J. Millar🇸🇪 · Pavel Belov🇷🇺

    In this work we study electromagnetic properties of a resonator recently suggested for the search of axions - a hypothetical candidate to explain dark matter. A wire medium loaded resonator (called a plasma haloscope when used to search for dark matter) consists of a box filled with a dense array of parallel wires electrically connected to top and bottom walls. We show that the homogenization model of wire medium works for this resonator without mesoscopic corrections, and that the resonator quality $Q$ at the frequency of our interest drops versus the growth of the resonator volume $V$ until it is dominated by resistive losses in the wires. We find that even at room temperature metals like copper can give quality factors in the thousands, an order of magnitude higher than originally assumed. Our theoretical results for both loaded and unloaded resonator quality factors were confirmed by building an experimental prototype. We discuss ways to further improve WM loaded resonators.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.ins-detphysics.plasm-phPRB(2022)·22 citations
15. 15*

    Snowmass2021 Theory Frontier: Theory Meets the Lab

    Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Simon Knapen🇺🇸 · Andreas Ringwald🇩🇪 · Natalia Toro🇺🇸

    We review how theorists have been instrumental in launching and developing new experiments in the last decade, and comment on the challenges and opportunities for this program to continue to thrive going forward. This whitepaper is a solicited contribution to the Snowmass2021 Theory Frontier.

    hep-phhep-ex17 citations
16. 16*

    Standard Model Predictions for Rare $K$ and $B$ Decays without $|V_{cb}|$ and $|V_{ub}|$ Uncertainties

    Andrzej J. Buras🇩🇪 · Elena Venturini🇩🇪

    The persistent tensions between inclusive and exclusive determinations of $|V_{cb}|$ and $|V_{ub}|$ weaken the power of theoretically clean rare $K$ and $B$ decays in the search for new physics (NP). We demonstrate how this uncertainty can be practically removed by considering within the SM suitable ratios of various branching ratios. This includes the branching ratios for $K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$, $K_L\to {\pi }^0\nu \bar{\nu }$, $K_S\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, $B_{s,d}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and $B\to K(K^{\ast })\nu \bar{\nu }$. Also ${ϵ}_K$, $\Delta M_d$, $\Delta M_s$ and the mixing induced CP-asymmetry $S_{\psi K_S}$, all measured already very precisely, play an important role in this analysis. The highlights of our analysis are 16 $|V_{cb}|$ and $|V_{ub}|$ independent ratios that often are independent of the CKM arameters or depend only on the angles $\beta$ and $\gamma$ in the Unitarity Triangle with $\beta$ already precisely known and $\gamma$ to be measured precisely in the coming years by the LHCb and Belle II collaborations. Once $\gamma$ Once $\gamma$ is measured precisely these 16 ratios taken together are expected to be a powerful tool in the search for new physics. Assuming no NP in $|{ϵ}_K|$ and $S_{\psi K_S}$ we determine independently of $|V_{cb}|$: $\mathcal{B}(K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }{)}_{\text{SM}}=(8.60\pm 0.42)\times 10^{-11}$ and $\mathcal{B}(K_L\to {\pi }^0\nu \bar{\nu }{)}_{\text{SM}}=(2.94\pm 0.15)\times 10^{-11}$. This are the most precise determinations to date. Assuming no NP in $\Delta M_{s,d}$ allows to obtain analogous results for all $B$ decay branching ratios considered in our paper without any CKM uncertainties.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPoS(2023)·8 citations
17. 17*

    Dark Photon Stars: Formation and Role as Dark Matter Substructure

    Marco Gorghetto🇮🇱 · Edward Hardy🇬🇧 · John March-Russell🇬🇧 · Ningqiang Song🇬🇧 · Stephen M. West🇬🇧

    Any new vector boson with non-zero mass (a `dark photon' or `Proca boson') that is present during inflation is automatically produced at this time from vacuum fluctuations and can comprise all or a substantial fraction of the observed dark matter density, as shown by Graham, Mardon, and Rajendran. We demonstrate, utilising both analytic and numerical studies, that such a scenario implies an extremely rich dark matter substructure arising purely from the interplay of gravitational interactions and quantum effects. Due to a remarkable parametric coincidence between the size of the primordial density perturbations and the scale at which quantum pressure is relevant, a substantial fraction of the dark matter inevitably collapses into gravitationally bound solitons, which are fully quantum coherent objects. The central densities of these `dark photon star', or `Proca star', solitons are typically a factor $10^6$ larger than the local background dark matter density, and they have characteristic masses of $10^{-16}{M}_{\odot }(10^{-5}\mathrm{eV}/m{)}^{3/2}$, where $m$ is the mass of the vector. During and post soliton production a comparable fraction of the energy density is initially stored in, and subsequently radiated from, long-lived quasi-normal modes. Furthermore, the solitons are surrounded by characteristic `fuzzy' dark matter halos in which quantum wave-like properties are also enhanced relative to the usual virialized dark matter expectations. Lower density compact halos, with masses a factor of $\sim 10^5$ greater than the solitons, form at much larger scales. We argue that, at minimum, the solitons are likely to survive to the present day without being tidally disrupted. This rich substructure, which we anticipate also arises from other dark photon dark matter production mechanisms, opens up a wide range of new direct and indirect detection possibilities, as we discuss in a companion paper.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2022)·99 citations
18. 18*

    Snowmass White Paper: Precision Studies of Spacetime Symmetries and Gravitational Physics

    Eric Adelberger🇺🇸 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪 · Ron Folman🇮🇱 · Andrew A. Geraci🇺🇸 · Jason T. Harke🇺🇸 · Daniel M. Kaplan🇺🇸 · Derek F. Jackson Kimball🇺🇸 · Ralf Lehnert🇺🇸 · David Moore🇺🇸 · Gavin W. Morley🇬🇧 · Anthony Palladino🇺🇸 · Thomas J. Phillips🇮🇹 and 3 other authors

    High-energy physics is primarily concerned with uncovering the laws and principles that govern nature at the fundamental level. Research in this field usually relies on probing the boundaries of established physics, an undertaking typically associated with extreme energy and distance scales. It is therefore unsurprising that particle physics has traditionally been dominated by large-scale experimental methods often involving high energies, such as colliders and storage rings, cosmological and astrophysical observations, large-volume detector systems, etc. However, high-sensitivity measurements in smaller experiments, often performed at lower energies, are presently experiencing a surge in importance for particle physics for at least two reasons. First, they exploit synergies to adjacent areas of physics with recent advances in experimental techniques and technology. Together with intensified phenomenological explorations, these advances have led to the realization that challenges associated with weak couplings or the expected suppression factors for new physics can be overcome with such methods while maintaining a large degree of experimental control. Second, many of these measurements broaden the range of particle-physics phenomena and observables relative to the above set of more conventional methodologies. Combining such measurements with the conventional efforts above therefore casts both a wider and tighter net for possible effects originating from physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). This paper argues that this assessment points at a growing impact of such methods and measurements on high-energy physics, and therefore warrants direct support as particle-physics research. Leveraging the recent rapid progress and bright outlook associated with such studies for high-energy physics, could yield high returns, but requires substantial and sustained efforts by funding agencies.

    ↳ hep-exgr-qchep-phhep-th13 citations
19. 19*

    Multi-chaotic inflation with and without spectator field

    Yukiyoshi Morishita🇯🇵 · Tomo Takahashi🇯🇵 · Shuichiro Yokoyama🇯🇵

    Motivated by the result of Planck+BICEP/Keck recently released, we investigate the consistency of the multi-field inflation models in terms of the spectral index $n_s$ and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. In this study, we focus on double-inflaton models with and without a spectator field. We find that inflaton with a quadratic potential can become viable when three fields with a specific hierarchical mass spectrum are realized such that two fields act as inflatons and the other one is the spectator. We also discuss the conditions to avoid the fine-tuning, by careful study of how the prediction depends on the background trajectory in the inflaton-field space.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2022)·8 citations
20. 20*

    Scaling properties of background- and chiral-magnetically-driven charge separation in heavy ion collisions at ${\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=200$ GeV

    Roy A. Lacey (1) · Niseem Magdy (2) · Petr Parfenov (3) · Arkadiy Taranenko (3) ((1) Depts. of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA (2) Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (3) National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia)

    The Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics model, AVFD, is used in concert with the charge-sensitive correlator $R_{{\Psi }_2}(\Delta S)$ to investigate the scaling properties of background- and chiral-magnetically-driven (CME) charge separation ($\Delta S$), characterized by the inverse variance ${\sigma }_{{\mathrm{R}}_{{\mathrm{\Psi }}_2}}^{-2}$ of the $R_{{\Psi }_2}(\Delta S)$ distributions obtained in collisions at ${\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=200$ GeV. The ${\sigma }_{{\mathrm{R}}_{{\mathrm{\Psi }}_2}}^{-2}$ values for the background are observed to be event-shape-independent. However, they scale with the reciprocal charged-particle multiplicity $(1/⟨N_{\mathrm{ch}}⟩)$, indicating an essential constraint for discerning background from the signal and a robust estimate of the difference between the backgrounds in Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions. By contrast, the ${\sigma }_{{\mathrm{R}}_{{\mathrm{\Psi }}_2}}^{-2}$values for signal + background show characteristic $1/⟨N_{\mathrm{ch}}⟩$ scaling violations that characterize the CME-driven contributions. Corrections to recent $R_{{\Psi }_2}(\Delta S)$ measurements \cite{STAR:2021mii} that account for the background difference in Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions indicate a charge separation difference compatible with the CME. The results further suggest that ${\sigma }_{{\mathrm{R}}_{{\mathrm{\Psi }}_2}}^{-2}$ measurements for peripheral and central collisions in concert with $1/⟨N_{\mathrm{ch}}⟩$ scaling, provides a robust constraint to quantify the background and aid characterization of the CME.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-th6 citations
21. 21*

    A Flat Space Analogue for the Quantum Origin of Structure

    Daniel Green🇺🇸 · Yiwen Huang🇺🇸

    The analytic structure of non-Gaussian correlators in inflationary cosmologies has recently been proposed as a test of the quantum origin of structure in the universe. To further understand this proposal, we explore the analogous equal-time in-in correlators in flat space and show they exhibit the same features as their cosmological counterparts. The quantum vacuum is uniquely identified by in-in correlators with a total energy pole and no additional poles at physical momenta. We tie this behavior directly to the S-matrix and show that poles at physical momenta always arise from scattering of particles present in the initial state. We relate these flat-space in-in correlators to the probability amplitude for exciting multiple Unruh-de Witt detectors. Localizing the detectors in spacetime, through the uncertainty principle, provides the energy and momentum needed to excite the vacuum and explains the connection to cosmological particle production. In addition, the entanglement of these detectors provides a probe of the entangled state of the underlying field and connects the properties of the correlators to the range of entanglement of the detectors.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phquant-phPRD(2022)·11 citations
22. 22*

    Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade

    Kristi Engel · Tiffany Lewis · Marco Stein Muzio · Tonia M. Venters · Markus Ahlers · Andrea Albert · Alice Allen · Hugo Alberto Ayala Solares · Samalka Anandagoda · Thomas Andersen · Sarah Antier · David Alvarez-Castillo and 82 other authors

    The last decade has brought about a profound transformation in multimessenger science. Ten years ago, facilities had been built or were under construction that would eventually discover the nature of objects in our universe could be detected through multiple messengers. Nonetheless, multimessenger science was hardly more than a dream. The rewards for our foresight were finally realized through IceCube's discovery of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, the first observation of gravitational waves by LIGO, and the first joint detections in gravitational waves and photons and in neutrinos and photons. Today we live in the dawn of the multimessenger era. The successes of the multimessenger campaigns of the last decade have pushed multimessenger science to the forefront of priority science areas in both the particle physics and the astrophysics communities. Multimessenger science provides new methods of testing fundamental theories about the nature of matter and energy, particularly in conditions that are not reproducible on Earth. This white paper will present the science and facilities that will provide opportunities for the particle physics community renew its commitment and maintain its leadership in multimessenger science.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-ph16 citations
23. 23*

    Motivations for a Large Self-Interacting Dark Matter Cross Section from Milky Way Satellites

    Maya Silverman🇺🇸 · James S. Bullock🇺🇸 · Manoj Kaplinghat🇺🇸 · Victor H. Robles🇺🇸 · Mauro Valli🇺🇸

    We explore the properties of Milky Way subhalos in self-interacting dark matter models for moderate cross sections of 1 to 5 cm${}^2$g${}^{-1}$ using high-resolution zoom-in N-body simulations. We include the gravitational potential of a baryonic disk and bulge matched to the Milky Way, which is critical for getting accurate predictions. The predicted number and distribution of subhalos within the host halo are similar for 1 and 5 cm${}^2$g${}^{-1}$ models, and they agree with observations of Milky Way satellite galaxies only if subhalos with peak circular velocity over all time > 4.5 km/s are able to form galaxies. We do not find distinctive signatures in the pericenter distribution of the subhalos that could help distinguish the models. Using an analytic model to extend the simulation results, we are able to show that subhalos in models with cross sections between 1 and 5 cm${}^2$g${}^{-1}$ are not dense enough to match the densest ultra-faint and classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Milky Way. This motivates velocity-dependent cross sections with values larger than 5 cm${}^2$g${}^{-1}$ at the velocities relevant for the satellites such that core collapse would occur in some of the ultra-faint and classical dwarf spheroidals.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phMNRAS(2022)·70 citations
24. 24*

    Proposed Search for a wind of Axion-like-particles using the Gravitational Wave Interferometers

    Adrian Melissinos (Department of Physics and Asronomy, University of Rochester, NY)🇺🇸

    If ALPs exist, the refractive index of light will be modified when light traverses a region where an ALP field is present. We propose to measure the refractive index of light and its angular dependence as the Earth rotates with respect to the direction of the ALP wind. The LIGO Interferometers are sensitive to differences in the refractive index of the light circulating in the two arms, and such differences were recorded during the S5 run, February 2006 to July 2007. They are due in part to the horizontal tidal gradients when they are aligned with one of the arms. In addition a very strong modulation was observed at twice the Earth's orbital frequency as can be seen in Fig.1. This can be understood if the difference in the refractive index between the two arms depends on the angle between the light propagation vector and the direction of the ALP wind. We present the data as a function of the Earth's motion, and discuss the magnitude of the observed refractive index, n-1 ~ 10e-20.

    ↳ physics.gen-phhep-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.