HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·Feb 22, 2022Tuesday·February 22, 2022

38 papers—26 primary·12 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
The Anthropic (and Mis-) Principle revisited, Steven Weinberg in Memoriam
S.Deser🇺🇸
I review the role and meaning of the Anthropic Principle, particularly in its relevance to particle physics.
hep-phgr-qcEPL(2022)·0 citations
02*
SMEFT interpretation of $Δ$ F = 2 transitions
Jason Aebischer🇨🇭
A model-independent anatomy of $Δ F = 2$ transitions in the context of the Weak Effective Theory (WET) below the electroweak scale (EW) and the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) above the EW scale is discussed. Two master formulae for the BSM contribution of the mixing amplitude $M_{12}$ , in terms of Wilson coefficients are presented. The coefficients entering these formulae contain all the information below the EW scale and the NP scale $Λ$ , respectively. The renormalization group evolution from the top-quark Yukawa coupling has the largest impact on the result. The obtained expressions depend on whether the down-basis or the up-basis for SMEFT operators is considered.
hep-phhep-exhep-latPoS(2023)·2 citations
03*
Non-perturbative Lee-Wick gauge theory: Towards Confinement and RGE with strong couplings
Marco Frasca🇮🇹 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Alexey S. Koshelev🇵🇹
We consider a non-Abelian Lee--Wick gauge theory and discuss Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) invariance. It contains fourth-order derivative as extensions of the kinetic term, leading to massive ghosts in the theory upon quantization. We particularly provide essential clues towards confinement conditions in strongly-coupled regimes, using the Kugo-Ojima approach, and obtain the $β -$ functions in the non-perturbative regimes. This is achieved using a set of exact solutions of the corresponding local theory in terms of Jacobi elliptical functions. We obtain a similar $β -$ function just as for the ordinary Yang-Mills theory but the main differences are that now, the cut-off arises naturally from the Lee-Wick heavy mass scales (M). We show that the fate of the ghosts is fixed in these regimes: they are no more the propagating degrees of freedom in the infrared (IR)-limit. As it also happens for the ordinary case, confinement is due to the non-Abelian nature of the theory. In the limit $M \to \infty$ , one recovers the standard results for the local non-Abelian Yang-Mills theory.
hep-phhep-thClass.Quant.Grav.(2024)·10 citations
04*
Models with (broken) Z2 symmetries
Tania Robens🇭🇷
I discuss the allowed parameter space as well as collider prospects of several new physics models containing (broken) Z2 symmetries. I focus on effects of current constraints on these, and touch on several future collider options.
hep-phPoS(2022)·3 citations
05*
HEWES: Heisenberg-Euler Weak-Field Expansion Simulator
Andreas Lindner🇩🇪 · Baris Ölmez🇩🇪 · Hartmut Ruhl🇩🇪
Vacuum polarization, a key prediction of quantum theory, can cause a variety of intriguing phenomena that can be triggered by high-intensity laser pulses. The Heisenberg-Euler theory of the quantum vacuum supplements Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism with nonlinear photon-photon interactions mediated by vacuum fluctuations. This work presents a numerical solver for the leading weak-field Heisenberg-Euler corrections. The present code implementation reaches an accuracy of order thirteen in the numerical scheme and takes into account up to six-photon interactions. Since theoretical approaches are limited to approximations and the experimental requirements for signal detection are high, the need for support from the numerical side is apparent.
hep-phphysics.comp-phSoftware Impacts 15C (2023) 100481·8 citations
06*
Matter Effects of Sterile Neutrino in Light of Renormalization-Group Equations
Shuge Zeng🇨🇳 · Fanrong Xu🇨🇳
The renormalization-group equation (RGE) approach to neutrino matter effects is further developed in this work. We derive a complete set of differential equations for effective mixing elements, masses and Jarlskog-like invariants in presence of a light sterile neutrino. The evolutions of mixing elements as well as Jarlskog-like invariants are obtained by numerically solving these differential equations. We calculate terrestrial matter effects in long-baseline (LBL) experiments, taking NOvA, T2K and DUNE as examples. In both three-flavor and four-flavor frameworks, electron-neutrino survival probabilities as well as the day-night asymmetry of solar neutrino are also evaluated as a further examination of the RGE approach.
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·3 citations
07*
Electric Current and Heat Production by a Neutral Carrier: An Effect of the Axion
Iver Brevik🇳🇴 · Masud Chaichian🇫🇮
A general axion-electrodynamic formalism is presented on the phenomenological level when the environment is dielectric (permittivity and permeability assumed to be constants). Thereafter, a strong and uniform magnetic field is considered in the $z$ direction, the field region having the form of a long material cylinder (which corresponds to the haloscope setup). If the axion amplitude depends on time only, the axions give rise to an oscillating electric current in the $z$ direction. We estimate the magnitudes of the azimuthal magnetic fields and the accompanying Joule heating in the cylinder, taking the cylinder to have ordinary dissipative properties. We evaluate and calculate the electric current and the heat production separately, without using the effective approximation, both when there is a strong magnetic field and when there is a strong electric one, showing that with the magnetic field there is a heat production, while with the electric field there is not. The heat generation that we consider, is a nontrivial effect as it is generated by the electrically neutral axions, and has obvious consequences for axion thermodynamics. The heat production can moreover have an additional advantage, since the effect is accumulative and so grows with time. The boundary conditions (in a classical sense) are explained and the use of them in a quantum mechanical context is discussed. This point is nontrivial, accentuated in particular in connection with the Casimir effect. For comparison purposes, we present finally some results for heat dissipation taken from the theory of viscous cosmology.
hep-phhep-thEPJC(2022)·8 citations
08*
QCD improved top-quark decay at next-to-next-to-leading order
Rui-Qing Meng🇨🇳 · Sheng-Quan Wang🇨🇳 · Ting Sun🇨🇳 · Chao-Qin Luo🇨🇳 · Jian-Ming Shen🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳
We analyse the top-quark decay at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD by using the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) which provides a systematic way to eliminate renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities in perturbative QCD predictions. The PMC renormalization scales of the coupling constant $α_{s}$ are determined by absorbing the non-conformal $β$ terms that govern the behavior of the running coupling by using the Renormalization Group Equation (RGE). We obtain the PMC scale $Q_{⋆} = 15.5$ GeV for the top-quark decay, which is an order of magnitude smaller than the conventional choice $μ_{r} = m_{t}$ , reflecting the small virtuality of the QCD dynamics of the top-quark decay process. Moreover, due to the non-conformal $β$ terms disappear in the pQCD series, there is no renormalon divergence and the NLO QCD correction term is greatly increased while the NNLO QCD correction term is suppressed compared to the conventional results obtained at $μ_{r} = m_{t}$ . By further including the next-to-leading (NLO) electroweak corrections, the finite $W$ boson width and the finite bottom quark mass, we obtain the top-quark total decay width $Γ_{t}^{tot} = 1.311 2_{- 0.0189}^{+ 0.0190}$ GeV, where the error is the squared averages of the top-quark mass $Δ m_{t} = \pm 0.7$ GeV, the coupling constant $Δ α_{s} (M_{Z}) = \pm 0.0009$ and the estimation of unknown higher-order terms using the PAA method with [N/M]=[1/1]. The PMC improved predictions for the top-quark decay are complementary to the previous PMC calculations for top-quark pair production and helpful for detailed studies of properties of the top-quark.
hep-phEPJC(2023)·10 citations
09*
Phenomenological studies on neutral $B$ -meson decays into $J / ψ f_{1}$ and $η_{c} f_{1}$
De-Hua Yao🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Zhi-Tian Zou🇨🇳 · Ying Li🇨🇳 · Zhen-Jun Xiao🇨🇳
The axial-vector mesons $f_{1} (1285)$ and $f_{1} (1420)$ are particularly viewed as the mixtures of flavor states $f_{n}$ and $f_{s}$ with mixing angle $φ$ . In order to determine this angle, we study the $B_{d, s}^{0} \to J / ψ f_{1} (1285, 1420)$ and $B_{d, s}^{0} \to η_{c} f_{1} (1285, 1420)$ decays in perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, including the effects of vertex corrections, nonfactorizable diagrams and penguin operators. Not only the branching fractions, but also the direct $C P$ asymmetries and the polarization fractions are calculated. It is found that the branching fractions of these decays are large enough to be measured in the running LHCb and Belle-II experiments. Moreover, in comparison with the observed $B (B_{d, s}^{0} \to J / ψ f_{1} (1285))$ , $B_{s}^{0} \to (J / ψ, η_{c}) f_{1} (1420)$ decays have large branching fractions, which could be measured promisingly through $f_{1} (1420) \to K_{S}^{0} K^{\pm} π^{\mp}$ in experiments. We also propose several ratios that could be used to further constrain the absolute value of the mixing angle $φ$ , but its sign cannot be determined yet in these decays. The direct CP asymmetries of these decays indicate the penguin pollution in the $B_{d}^{0} \to (J / ψ, η_{c}) f_{1}$ decays cannot be neglected. We acknowledge that there are large theoretical uncertainties arising from the distribution amplitudes of axial-vector mesons and charmonium states, and more precise nonperturbative parameters are called. The comparisons between our results and future experimental data would help us to understand the nature of $f_{1}$ states and to test the PQCD approach.
hep-phhep-exEPJC(2023)·4 citations
10*
General Helicity Formalism for Two-hadron Production in $e^{+} e^{-}$ Collisions and the $Λ$ Polarizing Fragmentation Function
Umberto D'Alesio🇮🇹 · Francesco Murgia🇮🇹 · Marco Zaccheddu🇮🇹
We present the complete structure of the azimuthal dependences and polarization observables for two-hadron production in $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation processes within a transverse momentum dependent (TMD) approach adopting the helicity formalism. The leading-twist TMD fragmentation functions (TMD-FFs) for spin-1/2 hadrons are fully accounted for. The role of the polarizing FF, together with its extraction from Belle data for the transverse polarization of $Λ$ 's, are discussed as well. Finally, predictions for SIDIS processes at EIC are presented.
hep-phJPS Conf.Proc.(2022)·1 citation
11*
Unitarity Constraints and Collider Searches for Dark Photons
Yasaman Hosseini🇮🇷 · Mojtaba Mohammadi Najafabadi🇮🇷
Dark photons are predicted by various new physics models, and are being intensively studied in a variety of experiments. In the first part of this paper, we obtain partial wave unitarity constraints on the dark photon parameter space from the allowed $V V \to V V$ scattering processes in the limit of large center-of-mass energy, where $V = W, Z$ . In the second part of the paper, searches are performed using the expected differential rates with a realistic detector simulation including a comprehensive set of background processes on dilepton and dilepton plus a photon events at the High Luminosity LHC. In these searches, sensitive differential distributions are used in an optimized way to determine the sensitivity to dark photon parameter space. It is shown that remarkable sensitivity to the dark photon model is achieved and kinetic mixing strength can be probed down to $(1.4 - 10) \times 1 0^{- 4}$ for dark photon mass between $15$ GeV to $2$ TeV. We also investigate the sensitivity of a future muon collider suggested by the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) to the dark photon model at different center-of-mass energies. It is shown that a future muon collider is able to reach a sensitivity to kinetic mixing at the order of $1 0^{- 4}$ .
hep-phPRD(2022)·13 citations
12*
A formula by $L D L^{T}$ decomposition for the minimal type-I seesaw mechanism and conditions of $C P$ symmetry in an arbitrary basis
Masaki J. S. Yang🇯🇵
In this paper, defining a formula by $L D L^{T}$ decomposition for the minimal type-I seesaw mechanism, we obtain conditions of $C P$ symmetry for the neutrino mass matrix $m$ in an arbitrary basis. The conditions are found to be $Re (M_{22} a_{i} - M_{12} b_{i}) Im (M_{22} a_{j} - M_{12} b_{j}) = - det M Re b_{i} Im b_{j}$ or $= - det M Im b_{i} Re b_{j}$ for the Yukawa matrix $Y_{ij} = (a_{j}, b_{j})$ and the right-handed neutrino mass matrix $M_{ij}$ . In other words, the real or imaginary part of $b_{i}$ must be proportional to the real or imaginary part of the quantity $(M_{22} a_{i} - M_{12} b_{i})$ .
hep-ph2 citations
13*
Radiative neutrino masses from modular $A_{4}$ symmetry and supersymmetry breaking
Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Hiroshi Okada🇰🇷
We investigate a modular $A_{4}$ invariant two-loop neutrino mass model in a supersymmetric framework, where we introduce new fields as minimum as possible, expecting contributions of superpartners to the neutrino masses. We successfully reproduce the neutrino oscillation data thanks to the superpartner contributions in case of normal hierarchy, and predict several observables such as phases and neutrino masses, concentrating on three specific regions at nearby fixed points of modulus $τ = i, ω, i \times \infty$ , where $ω \equiv e^{2 π i /3}$ . These points are statistically favored in flux compactifications of the string theory. We show several results in each the points by performing global $χ^{2}$ analysis, and demonstrate benchmark points with the minimum $χ^{2}$ .
hep-ph16 citations
14*
alpha_s in DIS scheme
A.V. Kotikov🇷🇺 · V.G. Krivokhizhin🇷🇺 · B.G. Shaikhatdenov🇷🇺
Deep inelastic scattering data on $F_{2}$ structure function from various fixed-target experiments were analyzed in a nonsinglet approximation in the MSbar and DIS scheme. The study of high statistics deep inelastic scattering data provided by BCDMS, SLAC and NMC collaborations, was carried out using a combined analysis. The application of the DIS scheme leads to the resummation of contributions that are important for large x values. It is found that using the DIS scheme does not significantly change the strong coupling constant itself but does strongly change the values of the twist-four corrections.
hep-phJETP Lett.(2022)·4 citations
15*
Polarized $Z$ cross sections in Higgsstrahlung for the determination of anomalous $Z Z H$ couplings
Kumar Rao (1)🇮🇳 · Saurabh D. Rindani (2)🇮🇳 · Priyanka Sarmah (1)🇮🇳 · Balbeer Singh (3) ((1) Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, (2) Theoretical Physics Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India, (3) Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India )🇮🇳
The production of a Higgs boson in association with a $Z$ at an electron-positron collider is one of the cleanest methods for the measurement of the couplings of the Higgs boson. In view of the large production cross section at energies a little above the threshold, it seems feasible to make a more detailed study of the process by measuring the cross sections for polarized $Z$ in order to measure possible anomalous $Z Z H$ couplings. We show that certain combinations of cross sections in $e^{+} e^{-} \to Z H$ with different $Z$ polarizations help to enhance or isolate the effect of one of the two kinds of $Z Z H$ couplings possible on general grounds of CP and Lorentz invariance. These combinations can be useful to get information on the $Z Z H$ coupling in the specific contexts of an effective field theory, two-Higgs-doublet models, and composite Higgs models, in a relatively model-independent fashion. We find in particular that the longitudinal helicity fraction of the $Z$ is expected to be insensitive to anomalous couplings, and would be close to its value in the standard model in the scenarios we consider. We also discuss the sensitivity of the proposed measurements to the anomalous couplings.
hep-phhep-ex3 citations
16*
Effective neutrino number shift from keV-vacuum neutrinophilic 2HDM
Shao-Ping Li🇨🇳 · Xin-Qiang Li🇨🇳 · Xin-Shuai Yan🇨🇳 · Ya-Dong Yang🇨🇳
If the Dirac neutrino masses are generated by a new scalar doublet with a vacuum at keV order, there would be rare hope to probe the framework in low-energy flavor physics, such as the lepton-flavor violating processes. However, the predicted neutrino Yukawa couplings being around the order of electronic Yukawa can realize a purely thermal Dirac leptogenesis, and thus render a more direct link between the high- and the low-energy CP violation. Despite its inert property in the low-energy flavor processes, the keV-vacuum induced Dirac neutrino model can generate a significant shift of the effective neutrino number, which can in turn be probed by the big-bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background epochs. We show that such a keV-vacuum induced Dirac neutrino model is already constrained by the current observations and will be probed with forecast sensitivity, serving therefore as a complementary avenue to test the Dirac leptogenesis.
hep-phCPC(2023)·17 citations
17*
Exclusive semileptonic $B \to π ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ and $B_{s} \to K ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ decays through unitarity and lattice QCD
G. Martinelli🇮🇹 · S. Simula🇮🇹 · L. Vittorio🇮🇹
The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $∣ V_{u b} ∣$ is obtained from exclusive semileptonic $B \to π ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ and $B_{s} \to K ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ decays adopting the unitarity-based dispersion matrix approach for the determination of the hadronic form factors (FFs) in the whole kinematical range. We use lattice computations of the relevant susceptibilities and of the FFs in the large- $q^{2}$ regime in order to derive their behavior in the low- $q^{2}$ region without assuming any specific momentum dependence and without constraining their shape using experimental data. Then, we address the extraction of $∣ V_{u b} ∣$ from the experimental data, obtaining $∣ V_{u b} ∣ = (3.62 \pm 0.47) \cdot 1 0^{- 3}$ from $B \to π$ and $∣ V_{u b} ∣ = (3.77 \pm 0.48) \cdot 1 0^{- 3}$ from $B_{s} \to K$ , which after averaging yield $∣ V_{u b} ∣ = (3.69 \pm 0.34) \cdot 1 0^{- 3}$ . These results are compatible with the most recent inclusive value $∣ V_{u b} ∣_{in c l} = 4.13 (26) \cdot 1 0^{- 3}$ at the 1 $σ$ level. We also present purely theoretical estimates of the ratio of the $τ / μ$ decay rates $R_{π (K)}^{τ / μ}$ , the normalized forward-backward asymmetry $A ˉ_{F B}^{ℓ, π (K)}$ and the normalized lepton polarization asymmetry $A ˉ_{p o l a r}^{ℓ, π (K)}$ .
hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2022)·43 citations
18*
Photon-ALP interaction as a measure of initial photon polarization
Giorgio Galanti🇮🇹
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are very light, neutral, spin zero bosons predicted by superstring theory. ALPs interact primarily with two photons and in the presence of an external magnetic field they generate photon-ALP oscillations and the change of the polarization state of photons. While well motivated from a theoretical point of view, hints on ALP existence come from astrophysics. In this paper, we state and demonstrate some theorems about a strict relationship between initial photon polarization and photon-ALP conversion probability - which can be extrapolated by observed astrophysical spectra - so that, in the presence of ALPs, flux-measuring observatories become also porarimeters.
hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-thPRD(2022)·23 citations
19*
Higgs boson production at the LHC: fast and precise predictions in QCD at higher orders
Stefano Camarda🇨🇭 · Leandro Cieri🇪🇸 · Giancarlo Ferrera🇮🇹 · Jesus Urtasun-Elizari🇮🇹
We present a new numerical program, HTurbo, which provides fast and numerically precise predictions for Higgs boson production cross sections. The present version of the code implements the perturbative QCD expansion up to the next-to-next-to-leading order also combined with the resummation of the large logarithmic corrections at small transverse momenta up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and it includes the Higgs boson production through gluon fusion and decay in two photons with the full dependence on the final-state kinematics. Arbitrary kinematical cuts can be applied to the final states in order to obtain fiducial cross sections and associated kinematical distributions. We present a benchmark comparison with the predictions obtained with the numerical programs HRes and HNNLO programs for which HTurbo represents an improved reimplementation.
hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·5 citations
20*
Six-dimensional light-front Wigner distribution of hadrons
Yingda Han🇨🇳 · Tianbo Liu🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳
We propose a six-dimensional light-front Wigner distribution for the complete description of partonic structures of a hadron such as pion and proton, taking advantage of the recently proposed light-front variable $z ~$ by Miller and Brodsky. Quantities derived from the Wigner distribution contain the most general information of partonic structures, including also new quantities correlating longitudinal coordinate with transverse momenta or transverse coordinates, together with spins. The new Wigner distribution can be viewed as a relativistic version of the original Wigner distribution in hadron physics and an extension of widely utilized five-dimensional light-front Wigner distribution.
hep-phPLB(2022)·9 citations
21*
Resummation of small-x double logarithms in QCD: inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
J. Davies (Sussex U.)🇬🇧 · C.-H. Kom🇩🇪 · S. Moch (Hamburg U., Inst. Theor. Phys. II)🇩🇪 · A. Vogt (Liverpool U., Dept. Math)🇬🇧
We present a comprehensive study of high-energy double logarithms in inclusive DIS. They appear parametrically as alpha_s^n ln^{2n-k} x at the n-th order in perturbation theory in the splitting functions for the parton evolution and the coefficient functions for the hard scattering process, and represent the leading corrections at small $x$ in the flavour non-singlet case. We perform their resummation, in terms of modified Bessel functions, to all orders in full QCD up to NNLL accuracy, and partly to N^3LL and beyond in the large-n_c limit, and provide fixed-order expansions up to five loops. In the flavour-singlet sector, where these double logarithms are sub-dominant at small x compared to single-logarithmic alpha_s^n x^{-1} ln^{n-k} x BFKL contributions, we construct fixed-order expansions up to five loops at NNLL accuracy in full QCD. The results elucidate the analytic small-x structure underlying inclusive DIS results in fixed-order perturbation theory and provide important information for present and future numerical and analytic calculations of these quantities.
hep-phJHEP(2022)·49 citations
22*
Investigating full-heavy tetraquarks composed of $cc c ˉ b ˉ$ and $bb b ˉ c ˉ$
Jing Hu🇨🇳 · Bing-Ran He🇨🇳 · Jia-Lun Ping🇨🇳
The full-heavy tetraquarks $cc c ˉ b ˉ$ and $bb b ˉ c ˉ$ are systematically investigated within the chiral quark model. The meson-meson structure, diquark-antidiquark structure and K-structure are considered in this work. There is no bound state for $cc c ˉ b ˉ$ and $bb b ˉ c ˉ$ systems in $I J^{P} = 0 0^{+}, 0 1^{+}$ and $0 2^{+}$ channels. However, for $cc c ˉ b ˉ$ system, three possible resonance states with energy of $10079 MeV$ , $10081 MeV$ and $10177 MeV$ are found in $I J^{P} = 0 0^{+}, 0 1^{+}$ and $0 2^{+}$ , respectively, and their decay width $Γ$ are $6.7 - 8.4 MeV$ , $1.4 - 7.2 MeV$ and $9.1 - 11.1 MeV$ . For $bb b ˉ c ˉ$ system, there also exist three possible resonance states with energy of $16474 MeV$ , $16474 MeV$ and $16541 MeV$ in $I J^{P} = 0 0^{+}, 0 1^{+}$ and $0 2^{+}$ , respectively, and the decay widths $Γ$ of them are $2.2 - 6.1 MeV$ , $2.2 - 6.9 MeV$ and $5.3 - 8.5 MeV$ . $b c c ˉ c ˉ$ and $c b b ˉ b ˉ$ systems will have the same results as $cc c ˉ b ˉ$ and $bb b ˉ c ˉ$ , respectively. These full-heavy resonance states are worthy to be searched in the future experiments.
hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJC(2023)·9 citations
23*
Study of final-state interactions of protons in neutrino-nucleus scattering with INCL and NuWro cascade models
A. Ershova🇫🇷 · S. Bolognesi🇫🇷 · A. Letourneau🇫🇷 · J.-C. David🇫🇷 · S. Dolan🇨🇭 · J. Hirtz🇫🇷 · K. Niewczas🇵🇱 · J.T. Sobczyk🇵🇱 · A. Blanchet🇫🇷 · M. Buizza Avanzini🇫🇷 · J. Chakrani🇫🇷 · J. Cugnon🇧🇪 and 7 other authors
The modeling of neutrino-nucleus interactions constitutes a challenging source of systematic uncertainty for the extraction of precise values of neutrino oscillation parameters in long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments. To improve such modeling and minimize the corresponding uncertainties, a new generation of detectors is being developed, which aim to measure the complete final state of particles resulting from neutrino interactions. In order to fully benefit from the improved detector capabilities, precise simulations of the nuclear effects on the final-state nucleons are needed. This article presents the study of the in-medium propagation of knocked-out protons, i.e., final-state interactions (FSI), comparing the NuWro and INCL cascade models. The INCL model is used here for the first time to predict exclusive final states of neutrino interactions. This study of INCL in the framework of neutrino interactions features various novelties, including the production of nuclear clusters (e.g., deuterons, $α$ particles) in the final state. The paper includes a complete characterization of the final state after FSI, comparisons to available measurements of single transverse variables, and an assessment of the observability of nuclear clusters.
hep-phPRD(2022)·26 citations
24*
Towards ruling out the charged Higgs interpretation of the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly
Monika Blanke🇩🇪 · Syuhei Iguro🇩🇪 · Hantian Zhang🇩🇪
Motivated by the notorious anomaly in the lepton flavor universality ratios $R_{D^{(*)}}$ , we study the sensitivity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to a low-mass charged Higgs boson $H^{-}$ lighter than $400$ GeV in a generic two Higgs doublet model. A combination of current constraints from the $B_{c} \to τ ν$ decay, $B_{s}$ meson mixing data, tau sleptons and di-jet searches at the LHC allows to explain the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly at the $1 σ$ level by a low-mass charged Higgs. In this context, we estimate the reach of an LHC search for resonant $H^{-}$ production, where the final state contains an energetic $τ$ lepton decaying hadronically, a neutrino with large transverse momentum, and an additional $b$ -jet ( $pp \to b + τ_{h} + ν$ ). Requiring the additional $b$ -tagged jet in the $τ ν$ resonance search profits from the suppression of the Standard Model background, and therefore it allows us to judge the low-mass $H^{-}$ interpretation of the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly. To demonstrate this, we perform a fast collider simulation for the $τ ν$ resonance search with an additional $b$ -tagged jet, and find that most of the interesting parameter region of the whole mass range can already be probed with the current integrated luminosity of $139$ fb $^{- 1}$ .
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·41 citations
25*
Probing Miracle-less WIMP Dark Matter via Gravitational Waves Spectral Shapes
Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Suruj Jyoti Das🇮🇳 · Abhijit Kumar Saha🇮🇳 · Rome Samanta🇨🇿
We propose a novel probe of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter (DM) candidates of a wide mass range which fall short of the required annihilation rates to satisfy correct thermal relic abundance, dubbed as \textit{Miracle-less WIMP}. If the DM interactions are mediated by an Abelian gauge boson like B-L, its annihilation rates typically remain smaller than the WIMP ballpark for very high scale B-L symmetry breaking, leading to overproduction. The thermally overproduced relic is brought within observed limits via late entropy dilution from one of the three right handed neutrinos (RHN) present for keeping the model anomaly free and generating light neutrino masses. Such late entropy injection leads to peculiar spectral shapes of gravitational waves (GW) generated by cosmic strings, formed as a result of B-L symmetry breaking. We find interesting correlation between DM mass and turning frequency of the GW spectrum with the latter being within reach of future experiments. The two other RHNs play major role in generating light neutrino masses and baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. Successful leptogenesis with Miracle-less WIMP together restrict the turning frequencies to lie within the sensitivity limits of near future GW experiments.
hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2022)·26 citations
26*
A flavor-inspired radiative neutrino mass model
J. Julio🇮🇩 · Shaikh Saad🇨🇭 · Anil Thapa🇺🇸
One of the most important discoveries in particle physics is the observation of nonzero neutrino masses, which dictates that the Standard Model (SM) is incomplete. Moreover, several pieces of evidence of lepton flavor universality violation (LFUV), gathered in the last few years, hint toward physics beyond the SM. TeV-scale scalar leptoquarks are the leading candidates for explaining these flavor anomalies in semileptonic charged and neutral current B-decays, the muon, and the electron magnetic dipole moments that can also participate in neutrino mass generation. In this work, we hypothesize that neutrino masses and LFUV have a common new physics origin and propose a new two--loop neutrino mass model that has the potential to resolve some of these flavor anomalies via leptoquarks and offers rich phenomenology. After deriving the neutrino mass formula for this newly-proposed model, we perform a detailed numerical analysis focusing on neutrino and charged lepton flavor violation phenomenology, where the latter provides stringent constraints on the Yukawa couplings and leptoquark masses. Finally, present and future bounds on the model's parameter space are scrutinized with exemplified benchmark scenarios.
hep-phJHEP(2022)·14 citations
27*
Methods of Retrieving Large-Variable Exponents
V. I. Yukalov🇷🇺 · S. Gluzman🇨🇦
Methods of determining, from small-variable asymptotic expansions, the characteristic exponents for variables tending to infinity are analyzed. The following methods are considered: diff-log Padé summation, self-similar factor approximation, self-similar diff-log summation, self-similar Borel summation, and self-similar Borel-Leroy summation. Several typical problems are treated. The comparison of the results shows that all these methods provide close estimates for the large-variable exponents. The reliable estimates are obtained when different methods of summation are compatible with each other.
↳ cond-mat.stat-mechhep-phmath-phmath.MPSymmetry(2022)·7 citations
28*
Measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering from reactor antineutrinos
J. Colaresi🇫🇷 · J.I. Collar🇺🇸 · T.W. Hossbach🇺🇸 · C.M. Lewis🇺🇸 · K.M. Yocum🇫🇷
The 96.4 day exposure of a 3 kg ultra-low noise germanium detector to the high flux of antineutrinos from a power nuclear reactor is described. A very strong preference ( $p < 1.2 \times 1 0^{- 3}$ ) for the presence of a coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE $ν$ NS) component in the data is found, when compared to a background-only model. No such effect is visible in 25 days of operation during reactor outages. The best-fit CE $ν$ NS signal is in good agreement with expectations based on a recent characterization of germanium response to sub-keV nuclear recoils. Deviations of order 60\% from the Standard Model CE $ν$ NS prediction can be excluded using present data. Standing uncertainties in models of germanium quenching factor, neutrino energy spectrum, and background are examined.
↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exPRL(2022)·137 citations
29*
SIDIS Measurement with A=3 Nuclei
Zhihong Ye🇨🇳 · Dipangkar Dutta🇺🇸 · Dave Gaskell🇺🇸 · Or Hen🇺🇸 · Dave Meekins🇺🇸 · Dien Nguyen🇺🇸 · Jennifer Rittenhouse West🇺🇸 · Lawrence Weinstein🇺🇸
We introduce a new experimental effort at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to precisely measure the ratios of charged pion electroproduction in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) from $^{2}$ D, $^{3}$ He, and $^{3}$ H targets \cite{c12-21-004}. This conditionally approved experiment (C12-21-004) aims to run in Hall-B using the standard CLAS12 configuration and a new target system developed for the approved quasi-elastic experiment (E12-20-005). In this data-driven study, we will measure the cross-sections as a function of ( $x$ , $Q^{2}$ , $z$ , $P_{T}$ ) to allow the extraction of the unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs), transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) and fragmentation functions (FFs) in A = 3 nuclei. By using super-ratios of pion yields of SIDIS off light nuclei over a wide $x_{B}$ range, we search for evidence of a flavor dependence in the EMC effect, giving us new insights into the effect of the nuclear environment on valance quarks. Double-ratios between A = 3 mirror nuclei can provide a direct measurement of the d/u ratios at large x due to their similar and well-understood nuclear corrections. With the utilization of mirror nuclei and the large kinematic range, and high precision of CLAS12, we will be able to maintain the sensitivity to the underlying physics but dramatically decrease the nuclear uncertainties due to attenuation and hadronization in heavy nuclei targets.
↳ nucl-exhep-ph0 citations
30*
A path to precision cosmology: synergy between four promising late-universe cosmological probes
Peng-Ju Wu🇨🇳 · Yue Shao🇺🇸 · Shang-Jie Jin🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇨🇳
In the next decades, it is necessary to forge new late-universe cosmological probes to precisely constrain the Hubble constant and the equation of state of dark energy simultaneously. In this work, we show that the four typical late-universe cosmological probes, the 21 cm intensity mapping (IM), fast radio burst (FRB), gravitational wave (GW) standard siren, and strong gravitational lensing (SGL), are expected to be forged into useful tools in solving the Hubble tension and exploring dark energy. We propose that the synergy of them is rather important in cosmology. We simulate the 21 cm IM, FRB, GW, and SGL data based on the hypothetical observations of the Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX), the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), the Einstein Telescope (ET), and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), respectively. We find that the four probes show obviously different parameter degeneracy orientations in cosmological constraints, so any combination of them can break the parameter degeneracies and thus significantly improve the constraint precision. The joint 21 cm IM+FRB+GW+SGL data can provide the constraint errors of $σ (Ω_{m}) = 0.0022$ and $σ (H_{0}) = 0.16 km s^{- 1} Mp c^{- 1}$ in the $Λ$ CDM model, which meet the standard of precision cosmology, i.e., the constraint precision of parameters is better than 1%. In addition, the joint data give $σ (w) = 0.020$ in the $w$ CDM model, and $σ (w_{0}) = 0.066$ and $σ (w_{a}) = 0.25$ in the $w_{0} w_{a}$ CDM model, which are all better than the constraints obtained by the CMB+BAO+SN data. We show that the synergy between the four late-universe cosmological probes has magnificent prospects.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·58 citations
31*
Scale symmetry and composition of compact star matter
Long-Qi Shao🇨🇳 · Yong-Liang Ma🇨🇳
The dense compact star matter is studied by using the skyrmion crystal approach. The chiral effective theory used includes the lightest scalar meson, the lowest-lying vector mesons as well as pions. Consistency with the vector manifestation and the dilaton limit fixed point at high density constrains the anomalous dimension of the gluon field $1.0 ≲ ∣ γ_{G^{2}} ∣ ≲ 2.0$ and leads to the significance of the scale symmetry breaking in the intrinsic parity-odd part of the effective theory. The speed of sound $v_{s}^{2} ≃ 1/3$ and the polytropic index $γ ≃ 1$ -- both satisfy the conformal limits -- after the dilaton limit fixed point at high density but the matter is still in the hadronic phase. This means that neither the conformal speed of sound nor the smallness of the polytropic index can be used as a criterion of the onset of quark matter. These conclusions are significant for constructing the equation of state of nuclear matter.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2022)·11 citations
32*
Prospects for Distinguishing Supernova Models Using a Future Neutrino Signal
Jackson Olsen🇺🇸 · Yong-Zhong Qian🇺🇸
The next Galactic core-collapse supernova (SN) should yield a large number of observed neutrinos. Using Bayesian techniques, we show that with an SN at a known distance up to 25 kpc, the neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector similar to Super-Kamiokande (SK) could be used to distinguish between seven one-dimensional neutrino emission models assuming no flavor oscillations or the standard Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect. Some of these models could still be differentiated with an SN at a known distance of 50 kpc. We also consider just the relative distributions of neutrino energy and arrival time predicted by the models and find that a detector like SK meets the requirement to distinguish between these distributions with an SN at an unknown distance up to $\sim 10$ kpc.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·14 citations
33*
Signature of a doubly charm tetraquark pole in $D D^{*}$ scattering on the lattice
M. Padmanath🇩🇪 · S. Prelovsek🇸🇮
The doubly charm tetraquark with flavor $cc u ˉ d ˉ$ and isospin $I = 0$ is investigated by calculating the $D D^{*}$ scattering amplitude with lattice QCD. The simulation is done on CLS ensembles with dynamical $u / d, s$ quarks and $m_{π} ≃ 280$ MeV for two charm quark masses, one slightly larger and one slightly lower than the physical value. The scattering amplitudes for partial waves $l = 0, 1$ are extracted near-threshold via the Lüscher's method by considering systems with total momenta $P L / (2 π) = 0, 1, 2, 2$ on two spatial volumes. A virtual bound state pole in the $D D^{*}$ scattering amplitude with $l = 0$ is found $9. 9_{- 7.1}^{+ 3.6}$ MeV below $D D^{*}$ threshold for the charm quark mass closer to the physical value. This pole is likely related to the doubly charm tetraquark discovered by LHCb less than $1$ MeV below $D^{0} D^{*+}$ threshold. Future lattice simulations closer to the continuum limit and physical quark masses would be valuable to establish this connection systematically.
↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phPRL(2022)·173 citations
34*
Lorentz-covariant kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles
Xin-Li Sheng🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳 · Dirk H. Rischke🇩🇪
We construct a matrix-valued spin-dependent distribution function (MVSD) for massive spin-1/2 fermions and study its properties under Lorentz transformations. Such transformations result in a Wigner rotation in spin space and in a nontrivial matrix-valued shift in space-time, which corresponds to the side jump in the massless case. We express the vector and axial-vector components of the Wigner function in terms of the MVSD and show that they transform in a Lorentz-covariant manner. We then construct a manifestly Lorentz-covariant Boltzmann equation which contains a nonlocal collision term encoding spin-orbit coupling. Finally, we obtain the spin-dependent distribution function in local equilibrium by demanding detailed balance.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2022)·31 citations
35*
Four-Family $N = 1$ Supersymmetric Pati-Salam Models from Intersecting D6-Branes
Tianjun Li🇨🇳 · Rui Sun🇰🇷 · Chi Zhang🇨🇳
We investigate the construction of four-family $N = 1$ supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from Type IIA $T^{6} / (Z_{2} \times Z_{2})$ orientifold with intersecting D6-branes. Utilizing the deterministic algorithm introduced in Ref. \cite{heCompleteSearchSupersymmetric2021}, we obtain $274$ types of models with three rectangular tori and distinct gauge coupling relations at string scale, while $6$ types of models with two rectangular tori and one titled torus. In both cases, there exists a class of models with gauge coupling unification at string scale. In particular, for the models with two rectangular tori, one tilted torus and gauge coupling unification, the gaugino condensations are allowed, and thus supersymmetry breaking and moduli stabilization are possible for further phenomenological study.
↳ hep-thhep-phCommun.Theor.Phys.(2022)·5 citations
36*
Pion-induced radiative corrections to neutron beta-decay
Vincenzo Cirigliano🇺🇸 · Jordy de Vries🇳🇱 · Leendert Hayen🇺🇸 · Emanuele Mereghetti🇺🇸 · André Walker-Loud🇺🇸
We compute the electromagnetic corrections to neutron beta decay using a low-energy hadronic effective field theory. We identify and compute new radiative corrections arising from virtual pions that were missed in previous studies. The largest correction is a percent-level shift in the axial charge of the nucleon proportional to the electromagnetic part of the pion-mass splitting. Smaller corrections, comparable to anticipated experimental precision, impact the $β$ - $ν$ angular correlations and the $β$ -asymmetry. We comment on implications of our results for the comparison of the experimentally measured axial charge with first-principle computations using lattice QCD and on the potential of $β$ -decay experiments to constrain beyond-the-Standard-Model interactions.
↳ nucl-thhep-lathep-phnucl-exPRL(2022)·65 citations
37*
Classical versus Quantum: comparing Tensor Network-based Quantum Circuits on LHC data
Jack Y. Araz🇬🇧 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧
Tensor Networks (TN) are approximations of high-dimensional tensors designed to represent locally entangled quantum many-body systems efficiently. This study provides a comprehensive comparison between classical TNs and TN-inspired quantum circuits in the context of Machine Learning on highly complex, simulated LHC data. We show that classical TNs require exponentially large bond dimensions and higher Hilbert-space mapping to perform comparably to their quantum counterparts. While such an expansion in the dimensionality allows better performance, we observe that, with increased dimensionality, classical TNs lead to a highly flat loss landscape, rendering the usage of gradient-based optimization methods highly challenging. Furthermore, by employing quantitative metrics, such as the Fisher information and effective dimensions, we show that classical TNs require a more extensive training sample to represent the data as efficiently as TN-inspired quantum circuits. We also engage with the idea of hybrid classical-quantum TNs and show possible architectures to employ a larger phase-space from the data. We offer our results using three main TN ansatz: Tree Tensor Networks, Matrix Product States, and Multi-scale Entanglement Renormalisation Ansatz.
↳ quant-phcs.LGhep-exhep-phPRA(2022)·46 citations
38*
Purely virtual particles versus Lee-Wick ghosts: physical Pauli-Villars fields, finite QED and quantum gravity
Damiano Anselmi🇮🇹
We reconsider the Lee-Wick (LW) models and compare their properties to the properties of the models that contain purely virtual particles. We argue against the LW premise that unstable particles can be removed from the sets of incoming and outgoing states in scattering processes. The removal leads to a non-Hermitian classical limit, besides clashing with the observation of the muon. If, on the other hand, all the states are included, the LW models have a Hamiltonian unbounded from below or negative norms. Purely virtual particles, on the contrary, lead to a Hermitian classical limit and are absent from the sets of incoming and outgoing states without implications on the observation of long-lived unstable particles. We give a vademecum to summarize the properties of most options to treat abnormal particles. We study a method to remove the LW ghosts only partially, by saving the physical particles they contain. Specifically, we replace a LW ghost with a certain superposition of a purely virtual particle and an ordinary particle, and drop only the former from the sets of the external states. The trick can be used to make the Pauli-Villars fields consistent and observable, without sending their masses to infinity, or to build a finite QED, by tweaking the original Lee-Wick construction. However, it has issues with general covariance, so it cannot be applied as is to quantum gravity, where a manifestly covariant decomposition requires the introduction of a massive spin-2 multiplet.
↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2022)·14 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.