Fri·Feb 18, 2022Friday·February 18, 2022

1. 01*

   Gravitational waves from patterns of electroweak symmetry breaking: an effective perspective

   Rong-Gen Cai🇨🇳 · Katsuya Hashino🇨🇳 · Shao-Jiang Wang🇨🇳 · Jiang-Hao Yu🇨🇳

   The future space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors would provide a promising probe for the new physics beyond the standard model that admits the first-order phase transitions. The predictions for the GW background vary sensitively among different concrete particle physics models but also share a large degeneracy in the model buildings, which motivates an effective model description on the phase transition based on different patterns of the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). In this paper, using the scalar $N$-plet model as a demonstration, we propose an effective classification for three different patterns of EWSB: (1) radiative symmetry breaking with classical scale invariance, (2) Higgs mechanism in generic scalar extension, and (3) higher dimensional operators. We conclude that a strong first-order phase transition could be realized for (1) and (2) with a small quartic coupling and a small isospin of an additional $N$-plet field for the light scalar field model with and without the classical scale invariance, and (3) with a large mixing coupling between scalar fields and a large isospin of the $N$-plet field for the heavy scalar field model.

   hep-phastro-ph.COCommun.Theor.Phys.(2025)·23 citations
2. 02*

   Constructing Generic Effective Field Theory for All Masses and Spins

   Zi-Yu Dong🇨🇳 · Teng Ma🇮🇱 · Jing Shu🇨🇳 · Yu-Hui Zheng🇨🇳

   We fully solve the long-standing problem of operator basis construction for fields with any masses and spins. Based on the on-shell method, we propose a novel method to systematically construct a complete set of lowest dimensional amplitude bases at any given dimension through semi-standard Young tableaus of Lorentz subgroup $SU(2{)}_r$ and global symmetry $U(N)$ ($N$ is the number of external legs), which can be directly mapped into physical operator bases. We first construct a complete set of monomial bases whose dimension is not the lowest and a redundant set of bases that always contains a complete set of amplitude bases with the lowest dimension. Then we decompose the bases of the redundant set into the monomial bases from low to high dimension and eliminate the linear correlation bases. Finally, the bases with the lowest dimension can be picked up. We also propose a matrix projection method to construct the massive amplitude bases involving identical particles. The operator bases of a generic massive effective field theory can be efficiently constructed by the computer programs. A complete set of four-vector operators at dimensions up to six is presented.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·29 citations
3. 03*

   Charge-Swapping Q-balls in a Logarithmic Potential and Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation

   Si-Yuan Hou🇨🇳 · Paul M. Saffin🇬🇧 · Qi-Xin Xie🇨🇳 · Shuang-Yong Zhou🇨🇳

   We study charge-swapping Q-balls, a kind of composite Q-ball where positive and negative charges co-exist and swap with time, in models with a logarithmic potential that arises naturally in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. We show that charge-swapping Q-balls can be copiously generated in the Affleck-Dine fragmentation process in the early universe. We find that the charge-swapping Q-balls with the logarithmic potential are extremely stable. By performing long time, parallelized lattice simulations with absorbing boundary conditions, we find that the lifetimes of such objects with low multipoles are at least $4.6\times 10^5/m$ in 3+1D and $2.5\times 10^7/m$ in 2+1D, where $m$ is the mass scale of the scalar field. We also chart the attractor basin of the initial conditions to form these charge-swapping Q-balls.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJHEP(2022)·20 citations
4. 04*

   High Precision QED Initial State Corrections for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\gamma }^{\ast }/Z^{\ast }$ Annihilation

   J. Blümlein🇩🇪 · K. Schönwald🇩🇪

   The precise knowledge of the QED initial state corrections is of instrumental importance in studying high luminosity measurements in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation at facilities like LEP, the International Linear Collider ILC, CLIC, a Giga-$Z$ facility, and the planned FCC\_ee. Logarithmic corrections of up to $O({\alpha }^6{L}^5)$ are necessary with various subleading terms taken into account. This applies to both the inclusive measurement of processes like $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\gamma }^{\ast }/Z^{\ast }$ and also the forward-backward asymmetry. As has been shown recently, techniques from massive QCD, such as the computation of massive on-shell operator matrix elements, can be used for these calculations. We give an introduction to this topic and present both the calculation methods and the numerical corrections having been reached so far.

   hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2022)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Dirac dark matter, dark radiation, and the type-II seesaw mechanism in alternative $U(1{)}_X$ standard model

   Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸 · Osamu Seto🇯🇵

   We propose an extra $U(1{)}_X$ model with an alternative charge assignment for right-handed right-handed neutrinos. The type-II seesaw mechanism by a triplet Higgs field is promising for neutrino mass generation because of the alternative charge assignment. The small vacuum expectation value (VEV) of an additional Higgs doublet naturally leads to a very small VEV of the triplet Higgs field, and as a result, the smallness of neutrino mass can be understood. With the minimal Higgs field for $U(1{)}_X$ with the charge $1$, right-handed neutrinos are candidates for Dirac dark matter (DM) and dark radiation (DR). We have derived and imposed the LHC bound, the DR constraint and the bound from DM direct searches in the wide range of parameter space. Among various $U(1{)}_X$ choices, the DM direct search bound is found to be weakest for $U(1{)}_R$ where the constraints from thermal DM and non-negligible DR can be compatible. Such a number of the effective neutrino species would be interesting from the viewpoint of the so-called Hubble tension.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·9 citations
6. 06*

   Centrality-dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks based on transverse momentum spectra and particle yield ratios in Au-Au collisions

   Xing-Wei He🇨🇳 · Hua-Rong Wei🇨🇳 · Bi-Hai Honga🇨🇳 · Hong-Yu Wu🇨🇳 · Wei-Ting Zhu🇨🇳 · Feng-Min Wu🇨🇳 · Fu-Hu Liu🇨🇳

   We describe the transverse momentum spectra of ${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ produced in different centralities gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at different collision energies range from 7.7 to 62.4 GeV by a two-component Erlang distribution. The fitting results are consistent with the experimental data, and the centrality- and energy-dependent yield ratios of negative to positive particles are obtained from the normalization constants. Based on the yield ratios, the energy- and centrality-dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks are extracted. The study shows that the dependences of the three types of particle yield ratios on centrality are not significant, especially for $\pi$. The logarithms of the three yield ratios show obvious linear dependence on $1/\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ over a range from 7.7 to 62.4 GeV. The extracted chemical potentials show obvious dependence on energy, and decrease with the increase of energy. The dependences of the energy-dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks on centrality are relatively more obvious in low energy region. The derived curves of chemical potentials for all centralities, from the linear fits of the logarithms of yield ratios vs energy, have the extremum at the same energy of 3.526 GeV, which possibly is the critical energy of phase transition from a liquid-like hadron state to a gas-like quark state in the collision system. With the increase of energy, all types of chemical potentials become small and tend to zero at very high energy, which indicates that with the increase of energy, the hadronic interactions gradually fade and the partonic interactions gradually become greater.

   hep-ph0 citations
7. 07*

   The electromagnetic amplitudes in the $J/\psi$ and $\psi (2S)$ decays into spin-1/2 baryon-antibaryon pairs

   Alessio Mangoni🇮🇹

   After investigating the decays of a charmonium $\psi =J/\psi ,\psi (2S)$ into a spin-1/2 baryon-antibaryon $B\bar{B}$ pair, with the determination of the only parameter that gives the EM amplitude for neutral final states, in this work we focus our attention on the decays into charged baryons, whose EM amplitudes can be expressed in terms of a further parameter. By considering the BESIII data on the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to p\overline{p}$ cross section we obtain a full parametrization for the EM amplitudes and make predictions on the cross section of the decays $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Sigma }^{+}\overline{\Sigma }{}^{-}$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Sigma }^{-}\overline{\Sigma }{}^{+}$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Xi }^{-}\overline{\Xi }{}^{+}$ at the $J/\psi$ and $\psi (2S)$ masses.

   hep-ph2 citations
8. 08*

   Proton charge radius from a dispersive analysis of the latest space-like $e$-$p$ scattering data

   Yong-Hui Lin🇩🇪

   We present a dispersion theoretical analysis of recent date from electron-proton scattering. This allows for a high-precision extraction of the electric and magnetic radius of the proton, $r_E=(0.839\pm 0.002{}_{-0.003}^{+0.002})$~fm and $r_M=(0.846\pm 0.001{}_{-0.005}^{+0.001})$~fm, where the first error refers to the statistical type estimated from the bootstrap method, and the second one refers to the systematic uncertainty related to the underlying spectral functions.

   hep-phRev.Mex.Fis.Suppl.(2022)·0 citations
9. 09*

   Proton charge radius from a dispersive analysis of the experimental data over the space- and time-like regions

   Yong-Hui Lin🇩🇪

   We present a dispersion theoretical analysis of the experimental data on the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon covering both the space- and time-like regions. The nucleon form factors over the full range of momentum transfers and the nucleon radius are extracted with high precision. The statistical uncertainties of the extracted form factors and radius are estimated using the bootstrap method, while systematic errors are determined from variations of the spectral functions. For the proton charge radius, we find $r_E^p=0.840_{-0.002}^{+0.003}{}_{-0.002}^{+0.002}$~fm, in line with previous analyses of spacelike data alone and also the muonic Lamb shift determination.

   hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Leading twist GTMDs at nonzero skewness and Wigner distributions in boost-invariant longitudinal position space

    Tanmay Maji🇨🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳 · Daekyoung Kang🇨🇳

    We investigate the leading twist quark generalized transverse momentum distributions (GTMDs) at nonzero skewness in a light-front quark-diquark model for the nucleon motivated by soft-wall AdS/QCD. The boost-invariant longitudinal coordinate, $\sigma =\frac{1}{2}{b}^{-}{P}^{+}$, is identified as the Fourier conjugate of the skewness. The Fourier transform of the GTMDs with respect to the skewness variable $\xi$ can be employed to provide the Wigner distributions in the boost-invariant longitudinal position space $\sigma$, the coordinate conjugate to light-front time, $\tau =t+z/c$. The Wigner distributions in the longitudinal position space exhibit diffraction patterns, which are analogous to the diffractive scattering of a wave in optics.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2022)·24 citations
11. 11*

    In-medium hadronization of heavy quarks and its effect on charmed meson and baryon distributions in heavy-ion collisions

    Andrea Beraudo🇮🇹 · Arturo De Pace🇮🇹 · Marco Monteno🇮🇹 · Marzia Nardi🇮🇹 · Francesco Prino🇮🇹

    We present a new model for the description of heavy-quark hadronization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the presence of a reservoir of lighter thermal particles with which recombination can occur leading to the formation of color-singlet clusters. Color neutralization is assumed to occur locally, within the same fluid cell occupied by the heavy quark and it proceeds via the recombination of the latter with light antiquarks (quarks) or diquarks (anti-diquarks), which are assumed to be present in the medium with thermal abundance as effective degrees of freedom around the QCD crossover temperature $T_c$. Typically the resulting color-singlet clusters have quite low invariant mass, in most of the cases below 4 GeV, and in this case they are assumed to undergo an isotropic 2-body decay in their local rest-frame. Heavier clusters are instead fragmented as Lund strings. The possibility of recombination with light diquarks enhances the yields of charmed baryons, in qualitative agreement with recent measurements. The assumption of local color neutralization leads to a strong space-momentum correlation, which provides a substantial enhancement of the collective flow of the final-state charmed hadrons, affecting both their momentum and their angular distributions

    hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2022)·44 citations
12. 12*

    The Flavourful Present and Future of 2HDMs at the Collider Energy Frontier

    Oliver Atkinson🇬🇧 · Matthew Black🇩🇪 · Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Alexander Lenz🇩🇪 · Aleksey Rusov🇩🇪 · James Wynne🇬🇧

    We study the intersection of flavour and collider physics for Two-Higgs-Doublet models of Type I and II. Drawing from the flavour precision-LHC exotics search complementarity, we also provide a projection of the future sensitivity that can be achieved in light of currently available analyses. On the one hand, we find that the parameter space of the 2HDM can be explored significantly further with more data from the LHC with some complementarity with flavour physics. On the other hand, flavour physics results alongside their projections remain powerful tools to constrain the model space in regions where direct sensitivity to new states via exotics searches is lost. Our results further highlight the recently observed flavour physics anomalies as important drivers of new physics searches in the future; we also touch on implications for a strong first order electroweak phase transition.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·38 citations
13. 13*

    Comment on "Scrutinizing pion-pion scattering in light of recent lattice phase shifts"

    Eef van Beveren🇵🇹 · George Rupp🇵🇹

    In a recent paper by Xiu-Li Gao, Zhi-Hui Guo, Zhiguang Xiao, and Zhi-Yong Zhou, Phys. Rev. D 105, 094002 (2022), here referred to as I, $S$-wave $\pi \pi$ scattering phase shifts obtained in a lattice-QCD calculation are analyzed using dispersive $S$-matrix methods. We question the reliability of the conclusion from this analysis that, for a pion mass of 391 MeV, the lattice phases favor the presence of both a $\sigma$-meson bound state and a nearby virtual state. Our main criticism concerns the neglect of the $S$-wave $K\bar{K}$ channel, which was considered alongside additional $s\bar{s}$ interpolating fields in the lattice computation used by the authors of I and also in typical coupled-channel models. As an illustration, some results from such a recent model are presented as well. Concluding remarks concern possible improvements of the analysis in I as well as further model tests.

    hep-phhep-latPRD(2023)·5 citations
14. 14*

    Accelerating Earth-Bound Dark Matter

    David McKeen🇨🇦 · Marianne Moore🇨🇦 · David E. Morrissey🇨🇦 · Maxim Pospelov🇺🇸 · Harikrishnan Ramani🇺🇸

    A fraction of the dark matter may consist of a particle species that interacts much more strongly with the Standard Model than a typical weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) of similar mass. Such a strongly interacting dark matter component could have avoided detection in searches for WIMP-like dark matter through its interactions with the material in the atmosphere and the Earth that slow it down significantly before reaching detectors underground. These same interactions can also enhance the density of a strongly interacting dark matter species near the Earth's surface to well above the local galactic dark matter density. In this work we propose two new methods of detecting strongly interacting dark matter based on accelerating the enhanced population expected in the Earth through scattering. The first approach is to use underground nuclear accelerator beams to upscatter the ambient dark matter population into a WIMP-style detector located downstream. In the second technique, dark matter is upscattered with an intense thermal source and detected with a low-threshold dark matter detector. We also discuss potential candidates for strongly interacting dark matter and we show that the scenario can be naturally realized with a hidden fermion coupled to a sub-GeV dark photon.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPRD(2022)·29 citations
15. 15*

    Dark Photons and Displaced Vertices at the MUonE Experiment

    Iftah Galon🇺🇸 · David Shih🇺🇸 · Isaac R. Wang🇺🇸

    MUonE is a proposed experiment designed to measure the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to muon $g-2$ through elastic $\mu -e$ scattering. As such it employs an extremely high-resolution tracking apparatus. We point out that this makes MUonE also a very promising experiment to search for displaced vertices from light, weakly-interacting new particles. We demonstrate its potential by showing how it has excellent sensitivity to dark photons in the mass range $10\mathrm{MeV}\le m_{A^{\prime }}\le 100\mathrm{MeV}$ and kinetic mixing parameter $10^{-5}\le ϵe\le 10^{-3}$, through the process ${\mu }^{\pm }{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{\pm }{e}^{-}{A}^{\prime }$ followed by $A^{\prime }\to e^{+}{e}^{-}$.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·34 citations
16. 16*

    Jet broadening in dense inhomogeneous matter

    João Barata🇪🇸 · Andrey V. Sadofyev🇪🇸 · Carlos A. Salgado🇪🇸

    In this work, we study the jet momentum broadening in an inhomogeneous dense QCD medium. The transverse profile of this nuclear matter is described within a gradient expansion, and we focus on the leading gradient contributions. The leading parton is allowed to interact multiple times with the background through the soft gluon exchanges. We derive the associated final particle distribution using both the GLV opacity series and the BDMPS-Z formalism. We further discuss the modified factorization of the initial and final state effects and its consequences for phenomenological applications in the context of heavy-ion collisions and deep inelastic scattering. Finally, we present the broadening probability (describing the final state effects) in several limiting regimes, and give its numerical estimates for phenomenologically motivated sets of parameters.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·61 citations
17. 17*

    Explaining lepton-flavor non-universality and self-interacting dark matter with $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$

    Julian Heeck🇺🇸 · Anil Thapa🇺🇸

    Experimental hints for lepton-flavor universality violation in the muon's magnetic moment as well as neutral- and charged-current $B$-meson decays require Standard-Model extensions by particles such as leptoquarks that generically lead to unacceptably fast rates of charged lepton flavor violation and proton decay. We propose a model based on a gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ that eliminates all these unwanted decays by symmetry rather than finetuning and efficiently explains $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$, $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$, $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$, and neutrino masses. The $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ furthermore acts as a stabilizing symmetry for dark matter and the light $Z^{\prime }$ gauge boson mediates velocity-dependent dark-matter self-interactions that resolve the small-scale structure problems. Lastly, even the Hubble tension can be ameliorated via the light $Z^{\prime }$ contribution to the relativistic degrees of freedom.

    hep-phEPJC(2022)·37 citations
18. 18*

    Warm Dark Matter from Higher-Dimensional Gauge Theories

    Sinziana Paduroiu🇺🇸 · Michael Rios🇺🇸 · Alessio Marrani🇮🇹 · David Chester🇺🇸

    Warm dark matter particles with masses in the keV range have been linked with the large group representations in gauge theories through a high number of species at decoupling. In this paper, we address WDM fermionic degrees of freedom from such representations. Bridging higher-dimensional particle physics theories with cosmology studies and astrophysical observations, our approach is two-folded, i.e., it includes realistic models from higher-dimensional representations and constraints from simulations tested against observations. Starting with superalgebras in exceptional periodicity theories, we discuss several symmetry reductions and we consider several representations that accommodate a high number of degrees of freedom. We isolate a model that naturally accommodates both the standard model representation and the fermionic dark matter in agreement with both large and small-scale constraints. This model considers an intersection of branes in $D=27+3$ in a manner that provides the degrees of freedom for the standard model on one hand and 2048 fermionic degrees of freedom for dark matter, corresponding to a $\sim$2 keV particle mass, on the other. In this context, we discuss the theoretical implications and the observable predictions.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thUniverse(2021)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Is first-order relativistic hydrodynamics in general frame stable and causal for arbitrary interaction?

    Rajesh Biswas🇮🇳 · Sukanya Mitra🇮🇳 · Victor Roy🇮🇳

    We derive a first-order, stable and causal, relativistic hydrodynamic theory from the microscopic kinetic equation using the gradient expansion technique in a general frame. The general frame is introduced from the arbitrary matching conditions for hydrodynamic fields. The interaction is introduced in the relativistic Boltzmann equation through the momentum-dependent relaxation time approximation (MDRTA) with the proposed collision operator that preserves the conservation laws. We demonstrate here for the first time that not only the general frame choice, but also the momentum dependence of microscopic interaction rate, captured through MDRTA, is imperative for producing the essential field corrections that give rise to a causal and stable first-order relativistic theory.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·27 citations
20. 20*

    Effects of isoscalar- and isovector-scalar meson mixing on neutron star structure

    Fan Li🇨🇳 · Bao-Jun Cai🇨🇳 · Ying Zhou🇨🇳 · Wei-Zhou Jiang🇨🇳 · Lie-Wen Chen🇨🇳

    Based on the accurately calibrated interaction FSUGold, we show that including isovector scalar $\delta$ meson and its coupling to isoscalar scalar $\sigma$ meson in the relativistic mean field (RMF) model can soften the symmetry energy $E_{\mathrm{sym}}(n)$ at intermediate densities while stiffen the $E_{\mathrm{sym}}(n)$ at high densities. We find this new RMF model can be simultaneously compatible with (1) the constraints on the equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter at suprasaturation densities from flow data in heavy-ion collisions, (2) the neutron skin thickness of ${}^{208}$Pb from the PREX-II experiment, (3) the largest mass of neutron star (NS) reported so far from PSR J0740+6620, (4) the limit of ${\Lambda }_{1.4}\le 580$ for the dimensionless tidal deformability of the canonical 1.4$M_{\odot }$ NS from the gravitational wave signal GW170817, (5) the mass-radius relation of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 measured by NICER, and thus remove the tension between PREX-II and GW170817 observed in the conventional RMF model.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-exApJ(2022)·49 citations
21. 21*

    Pure gauge theories and spatial periodicity

    Thomas D. Cohen🇺🇸

    Properties of pure gauge theories in thermal equilibrium as calculated via standard functional integral treatments are mathematically identical to ground state properties of a theory with spatially-periodic boundary conditions imposed on the gauge fields. Such a theory has states that have no analog in a theory in which only physical observables associated with gauge-invariant operators are required to be periodic, rather than the gauge fields themselves; these states are in topological sectors that do not exist in the unconstrained theory. The topology arises because the boundary conditions in the functional integral are gauge invariant on a cylinder but not in the unconstrained theory.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-lathep-phhep-th1 citation
22. 22*

    Simulating rare kaon decays $K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ using domain wall lattice QCD with physical light quark masses

    P.A. Boyle🇺🇸 · F. Erben🇬🇧 · J.M. Flynn🇬🇧 · V. Gülpers🇬🇧 · R.C. Hill🇬🇧 · R. Hodgson🇬🇧 · A. Jüttner🇬🇧 · F. Ó hÓgáin🇬🇧 · A. Portelli🇬🇧 · C.T. Sachrajda🇬🇧

    We report the first calculation using physical light-quark masses of the electromagnetic form factor $V(z)$ describing the long-distance contributions to the $K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decay amplitude. The calculation is performed on a 2+1 flavor domain wall fermion ensemble with inverse lattice spacing $a^{-1}=1.730(4)$GeV. We implement a Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani cancellation by extrapolating to the physical charm-quark mass from three below-charm masses. We obtain $V(z=0.013(2))=-0.87(4.44)$, achieving a bound for the value. The large statistical error arises from stochastically estimated quark loops.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·27 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.