Fri·Feb 11, 2022Friday·February 11, 2022

1. 01*

   Asymmetric Self-interacting Dark Matter via Dirac Leptogenesis

   Manoranjan Dutta (1)🇮🇳 · Nimmala Narendra (2)🇮🇳 · Narendra Sahu (1)🇮🇳 · Sujay Shil (3,4,5) ((1) Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, (2) Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, (3) Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, (4) Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, (5) Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai)🇮🇳

   The nature of neutrinos, whether Dirac or Majorana, is hitherto not known. Assuming that the neutrinos are Dirac, which needs $B-L$ to be an exact symmetry, we make an attempt to explain the observed proportionality between the relic densities of dark matter (DM) and baryonic matter in the present Universe $i.e.,{\Omega }_{\mathrm{DM}}\approx 5{\Omega }_{\mathrm{B}}$. Assuming the existence of heavy $SU(2{)}_L$ scalar doublet $(X=(X^0,X^{-}{)}^T)$ in the early Universe, an equal and opposite $B-L$ asymmetry can be generated in left and right-handed sectors by the CP-violating out-of-equilibrium decay $X^0\to {\nu }_L{\nu }_R$ since $B-L$ is an exact symmetry. We ensure that ${\nu }_L-{\nu }_R$ equilibration does not occur until below the electroweak (EW) phase transition during which a part of the lepton asymmetry gets converted to dark matter asymmetry through a dimension eight operator, which conserves $B-L$ symmetry and is in thermal equilibrium. The remaining $B-L$ asymmetry then gets converted to a net B-asymmetry through EW-sphalerons which are active at a temperature above 100 GeV. To alleviate the small-scale anomalies of $\Lambda$CDM, we assume the DM to be self-interacting via a light mediator, which not only depletes the symmetric component of the DM, but also paves a way to detect the DM at terrestrial laboratories through scalar portal mixing.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2022)·15 citations
2. 02*

   ${\Lambda }_b\to p$ transition form factors in perturbative QCD

   Jia-Jie Han🇨🇳 · Ya Li🇨🇳 · Hsiang-nan Li🇹🇼 · Yue-Long Shen🇨🇳 · Zhen-Jun Xiao🇨🇳 · Fu-Sheng Yu🇨🇳

   We reanalyze the ${\Lambda }_b\to p$ transition form factors in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach by including higher-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) of a ${\Lambda }_b$ baryon and a proton. The previous PQCD evaluation performed decades ago with only the leading-twist ${\Lambda }_b$ baryon and proton LCDAs gave the form factors, which are two orders of magnitude smaller than indicated by experimental data. We find that the twist-4 ${\Lambda }_b$ baryon LCDAs and the twist-4 and -5 proton LCDAs contribute dominantly, and the enhanced form factors become consistent with those from lattice QCD and other nonperturbative methods. The estimated branching ratios of the semileptonic decays ${\Lambda }_b\to p\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ and the hadronic decay ${\Lambda }_b\to p\pi$ are also close to the data. It implies that the $b$ quark mass is not really heavy enough, and higher-power contributions play a crucial role, similar to the observation made in analyses of $B$ meson transition form factors. With the formalism established in this work, we are ready to study various exclusive heavy baryon decays systematically in the PQCD approach.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2022)·38 citations
3. 03*

   Complete vectorlike fourth family and new U(1)${}^{\prime }$ for muon anomalies

   Junichiro Kawamura🇰🇷

   I introduce a model to explain the recent anomalies in the muon anomalous magnetic moment and the rare semi-leptonic $B$ meson decays. The Standard Model is extended by a $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ gauge symmetry and a complete fourth family fermions which are vector-like under the gauge symmetry. We found parameter points which can explain the anomalies consistently with the other observables. We then propose an interesting possibility to have signals with four muons or more from vector-like lepton pair production.

   hep-phhep-exMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2022)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Constrained Neutrino Mass Matrix and Majorana Phases

   Pralay Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Manash Dey🇮🇳 · Subhankar Roy🇮🇳

   We endeavor to constrain the neutrino mass matrix on the phenomenological ground and procure model-independent textures by emphasizing on the simple linear relationships among the mass matrix elements. These simple textures predict the two Majorana phases. In this regard, two types of parametrization of neutrino mass matrix: general and exponential are employed. We obtain fifty-three predictive neutrino mass matrix textures, out of which twenty-eight are associated with the general parametrization, and the rest belong to the exponential one. Apart from Type-A/P textures, the rest deal with the prediction of a few other oscillation parameters as well. We try to realize the proposed textures in the light of $A_4$, $\Delta (27)$ and $T_7$ symmetry groups.

   hep-phJ.Phys.G(2024)·14 citations
5. 05*

   Abnormal Bound Systems

   V.A. Karmanov🇷🇺

   It is taken for granted that bound systems are made of massive constituents that interact through particle exchanges (charged particles interacting via photon exchanges, quarks in elementary particles interacting via gluon exchanges, and nucleons in nuclei interacting via meson exchanges). However, as was recently theoretically found, there exist systems dominated by exchange particles (at least for the zero exchange masses). In these systems, the contribution of massive constituents is negligible. These systems have a relativistic nature (since they are mainly made of massless particles moving at the speed of light), and therefore, they cannot be described by the Schroedinger equation. Though these results were found so far in the simple Wick--Cutkosky model (spinless constituents interacting via the ladder of spinless massless exchanges), the physical ground for their existence seems to be rather general.

   hep-phUniverse(2022)·1 citation
6. 06*

   New-physics signatures via $CP$ violation in ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to {\pi }^0{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }\to \eta {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays

   Rafel Escribano🇪🇸 · Emilio Royo🇪🇸 · Pablo Sanchez-Puertas🇪🇸

   In this work we investigate the prospect of observing new-physics signatures via $CP$ violation in ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to {\pi }^0{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }\to \eta {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays at the REDTOP experiment. We make use of the SMEFT to parametrise the new-physics $CP$-violating effects and find that the projected REDTOP statistics are not competitive with respect to nEDM experiments. This reasserts the $\eta \to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ process as the most promising channel to find $CP$-violation at this experimental facility.

   hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2022)·14 citations
7. 07*

   QCD axial anomaly enhances the $\eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ decay of the hybrid candidate ${\eta }_1(1855)$

   Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · Niu Su🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

   We study the hybrid mesons with the exotic quantum number $I^G{J}^{PC}=0^{+}{1}^{-+}$ and investigate their decays into the $\eta {\eta }^{\prime }$, $a_1(1260)\pi$, $f_1(1285)\eta$, $f_1(1420)\eta$, $K^{\ast }(892)\bar{K}$, $K_1(1270)\bar{K}$, and $K_1(1400)\bar{K}$ channels. We find that the QCD axial anomaly enhances the decay width of the $\eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ channel although this mode is strongly suppressed by the small $P$-wave phase space. Our results support the interpretation of the ${\eta }_1(1855)$ recently observed by BESIII as the $\bar{s}sg$ hybrid meson of $I^G{J}^{PC}=0^{+}{1}^{-+}$. The QCD axial anomaly ensures the $\eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ decay mode to be a characteristic signal of the hybrid nature of the ${\eta }_1(1855)$.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1Chin.Phys.Lett.(2022)·55 citations
8. 08*

   Study of exotic hadrons with machine learning

   Jiahao Liu🇨🇳 · Zhenyu Zhang🇨🇳 · Jifeng Hu🇨🇳 · Qian Wang🇨🇳

   We analyzed the invariant mass spectrum of near-threshold exotic states for one-channel candidates with a deep neural network. It can extract the scattering length and effective range, which would shed light on the nature of given states, from the experimental mass spectrum. As an application, the mass spectrum of the $X(3872)$ and the $T_{cc}^{+}$ are studied. The obtained scattering lengths, effective ranges, and most relevant thresholds are consistent with those from fitting to the experimental data. The advantage of the neural network is that it is more stable than the fitting, especially for low-statistic data. The network, which provides another way to analyze the experimental data, can also be applied to other one-channel near-threshold exotic candidates.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·12 citations
9. 09*

   Observability of triple top quark signal at Future Hadron Colliders

   Ijaz Ahmed · Nazima Bi · M. S. Amjad

   This paper is devoted to the Standard Model cross-sections for the production of single top, top quark in pairs, triple-top quarks, and four top-quarks at three different centre of mass-energies e.g., $\sqrt{s}=$7, 10 and 14 TeV at existing particle colliders as well as at Future Hadron Colliders. A fully kinemtaic analysis with the optimized pre-selection cuts along with invariant mass reconstruction of top quarks is performed for triple-top production processes pp$\to$tttW, tttd,tttb in the presence of Standard Model background. The three signal processes are forced to decay in fully hadronic mode and their significance is computed in High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL$-$LHC) at $\sqrt{s}=$14 TeV and also in High-Energy LHC (HE$-$LHC) at $\sqrt{s}=$27 TeV. It is found that the observability at HL$-$LHC will would not be so easy task and chances are much lower but there are higher chances to observe the signal events at HE$-$LHC. The signal to background ratio and signal significance of all signal and background processes are estimated for both the HL$-$LHC and the HE$-$LHC at $\sqrt{s}$ =14 TeV and $\sqrt{s}$ =27 TeV respectively.

   hep-phPTEP(2023)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Improving CP Measurement with THEIA and Muon Decay at Rest

    Shao-Feng Ge🇨🇳 · Chui-Fan Kong🇨🇳 · Pedro Pasquini🇨🇳

    We explore the possibility of using the recently proposed THEIA detector to measure the ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }\to {\bar{\nu }}_e$ oscillation with neutrinos from a muon decay at rest ($\mu$DAR) source to improve the leptonic CP phase measurement. Due to its intrinsic low-energy beam, this $\mu$THEIA configuration ($\mu$DAR neutrinos at THEIA) is only sensitive to the genuine leptonic CP phase ${\delta }_D$ and not contaminated by the matter effect. With detailed study of neutrino energy reconstruction and backgrounds at the THEIA detector, we find that the combination with the high-energy DUNE can significantly reduce the CP uncertainty, especially around the maximal CP violation cases ${\delta }_D=\pm 90^{\circ }$. Both the $\mu$THEIA-25 with 17kt and $\mu$THEIA-100 with 70kt fiducial volumes are considered. For DUNE + $\mu$THEIA-100, the CP uncertainty can be better than $8^{\circ }$.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·7 citations
11. 11*

    Elucidating the rho-meson's role as intermediate resonance in the time-like electromagnetic pion form factor

    Reinhard Alkofer🇦🇹 · Angel S. Miramontes🇲🇽 · Helios Sanchis-Alepuz🇦🇹

    Motivated by the planned measurements of the time-like electromagnetic proton form factors an exploratory study of the time-like electromagnetic pion form factor is presented in a formalism which describes mesons as Poincaré-invariant bound states. In the respective quark interaction kernel, beyond the gluon-intermediated interactions for valence-type quarks, non-valence effects are included by allowing the pions to couple back in a self-consistent manner to the quarks. Consequently, the opening of the dominant $\rho$ decay channel, $\rho \to \pi \pi$, and the presence of a multi-particle branch cut, setting in when the two-pion threshold is crossed, are included consistently, first in the correspondingly calculated quark-photon vertex, and then consequently in the time-like electromagnetic pion form factor. The obtained results are in agreement with the available experimental data and provide further evidence for the efficacy of a vector-meson dominance model. Effects of going beyond the here employed isospin-symmetric limit are discussed. Last but not least, an outlook is provided on how to include in Poincaré-covariant Faddeev approaches the effects of intermediate resonances in the calculation of baryon properties.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Towards a Global QCD Analysis of Fragmentation Functions at Next-To-Next-To-Leading Order Accuracy

    Ignacio Borsa🇦🇷 · Daniel de Florian🇦🇷 · Rodolfo Sassot · Marco Stratmann🇩🇪 · Werner Vogelsang🇩🇪

    We carry out a global QCD analysis of parton-to-pion fragmentation functions at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy by performing a fit to the combined set of single-inclusive electron-positron annihilation and, for the first time, semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) multiplicity data. For the latter, we utilize the approximate NNLO QCD corrections that were derived recently within the threshold resummation formalism. We explore the impact of the NNLO corrections on the description of the SIDIS data sets in various kinematic regimes and on the resulting pion fragmentation functions.

    hep-phPRL(2022)·67 citations
13. 13*

    Identification of b-jets using QCD-inspired observables

    Oleh Fedkevych🇮🇹 · Charanjit K. Khosa🇬🇧 · Simone Marzani🇮🇹 · Federico Sforza🇮🇹

    We study the issue of separating hadronic jets that contain bottom quarks ($b$-jets) from jets featuring light partons only. We develop a novel approach to $b$-tagging that exploits the application of QCD-inspired jet substructure observables such as one-dimensional jet angularities and the two-dimensional primary Lund plane. We demonstrate that these observables can be used as inputs to modern machine-learning algorithms to efficiently separate $b$-jets from light ones. In order to test our tagging procedure, we consider simulated events where a $Z$ boson is produced is association with jets and show that using jet angularities as an input for a deep neural network, as well as using images obtained from the primary Lund jet plane as input to a convolutional neural network, one can achieve tagging accuracy comparable with the accuracy of conventional track-based taggers. We argue that the complementary usage of the track-based taggers together with the ones based upon QCD-inspired observables could improve $b$-tagging accuracy.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·28 citations
14. 14*

    Dimensional reduction and the generalized pion in a magnetic field within the NJL model

    Jingyi Chao🇨🇳 · Yu-Xin Liu🇨🇳

    In this work, the mass of the neutral pion is investigated in the presence of background magnetic fields in the framework of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. Taking into account the anisotropic four-fermion interactions, a tensor current arises in the magnetized QCD system, which forms an anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) coupling in the Dirac equation for the quarks. By solving the gap equations, we find that the sign of the dynamically generated AMM is opposite to the sign of the quark's charge and its magnitude is definitely smaller than the constituent mass. We construct two generalized Nambu-Goldstone pions, which emerge as combinations of the quantum fluctuations around the conventional scalar and the emergent tensor chiral condensates. We analytically demonstrate that the Goldstone nature has been spoiled by the dimensional reduction in the two-particle state and the corresponding decreasing mass of the lighter generalized pionic mode is a remnant of the infrared dynamics.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2023)·5 citations
15. 15*

    Sgoldstino signal at FASER: prospects in searches for supersymmetry

    Sergey Demidov🇷🇺 · Dmitry Gorbunov🇷🇺 · Dmitry Kalashnikov🇷🇺

    We investigate FASER@LHC perspectives in searches for light ($0.1-5$ GeV) sgoldstinos in models with low energy ($10-10^4$ TeV) supersymmetry breaking. We consider flavor conserving and flavor violating couplings of sgoldstinos to Standard Model fermions and find the both options to be testable at FASER. Even the first FASER run allows one to probe interesting patches in the model parameter space, while the second run, FASER-II, with significantly larger detector fiducial volume, gives a possibility to thoroughly explore a wide class of supersymmetric extensions of particle physics complementary to those probed at LHC with ATLAS and CMS detectors.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·8 citations
16. 16*

    Low-energy effective description of dark $Sp(4)$ theories

    Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹 · Axel Maas🇦🇹 · Seán Mee🇦🇹 · Marco Nikolic🇦🇹 · Josef Pradler🇦🇹 · Fabian Zierler🇦🇹

    Strongly interacting massive particles are viable dark matter candidates. We consider a dark $Sp(4)$ gauge theory with $N_f=2$ fermions in the pseudo-real fundamental representation and construct the chiral low-energy effective theory. We determine the flavor multiplet structure and the chiral Lagrangian, including the Wess-Zumino-Witten term for mass-degenerate and non-degenerate flavors. We then study the possible charge assignments under a $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ gauge symmetry, emphasizing on dark state stability, and provide the full Lagrangian description for Goldstone bosons and vector resonances, including the Wess-Zumino-Witten term. Finally, we use dedicated lattice simulations to determine the chiral low-energy effective theory's validity and low-energy constants. This work represents a self-consistent study of this non-Abelian theory. It thereby provides a framework for future phenomenological exploration in connection to the dark matter problem.

    hep-phhep-latSciPost Phys.(2023)·66 citations
17. 17*

    Leptoquarks with Exactly Stable Protons

    Joe Davighi🇨🇭 · Admir Greljo🇨🇭 · Anders Eller Thomsen🇨🇭

    We explore a novel mechanism to restrict TeV-scale leptoquark interactions and render the proton exactly stable to all orders in the effective field theory expansion. A scalar condensate breaks a lepton-flavoured $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_X$ gauge symmetry in the ultraviolet and generates neutrino masses, leaving a discrete ${\mathbb{Z}}_9$ or ${\mathbb{Z}}_{18}$ gauge symmetry in the infrared, forbidding $\Delta B=1$ processes. This provides an elegant framework to address the flavour anomalies and can be adapted to many other new-physics models. The $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_X$ can emerge from a gauge-flavour unified $\mathrm{SU}(12)\times \mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{SU}(2)$ theory at even higher energies.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·37 citations
18. 18*

    Massive vector form factors to three loops

    Matteo Fael🇩🇪 · Fabian Lange🇩🇪 · Kay Schoenwald🇩🇪 · Matthias Steinhauser🇩🇪

    We compute the three-loop non-singlet corrections to the photon-quark form factors taking into account the full dependence on the virtuality of the photon and the quark mass. We combine the method of differential equations in an effective way with expansions around regular and singular points. This allows us to obtain results for the form factors with an accuracy of about eight to twelve digits in the whole kinematic range.

    hep-phPRL(2022)·68 citations
19. 19*

    On the Robustness of the Constancy of the Supernova Absolute Magnitude: Non-parametric Reconstruction \& Bayesian approaches

    David Benisty🇬🇧 · Jurgen Mifsud🇲🇹 · Jackson Levi Said🇲🇹 · Denitsa Staicova🇧🇬

    In this work, we test the robustness of the constancy of the Supernova absolute magnitude $M_B$ using Non-parametric Reconstruction Techniques (NRT). We isolate the luminosity distance parameter $d_L(z)$ from the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data set and cancel the expansion part from the observed distance modulus $\mu (z)$. Consequently, the degeneracy between the absolute magnitude and the Hubble constant $H_0$, is replaced by a degeneracy between $M_B$ and the sound horizon at drag epoch $r_d$. When imposing the $r_d$ value, this yields the $M_B(z)=M_B+\delta M_B(z)$ value from NRT. We perform the respective reconstructions using the model independent Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique and Gaussian processes (GP) regression. For the ANN we infer $M_B=-19.22\pm 0.20$, and for the GP we get $M_B=-19.25\pm 0.39$ as a mean for the full distribution when using the sound horizon from late time measurements. These estimations provide a $1\sigma$ possibility of a nuisance parameter presence $\delta M_B(z)$ at higher redshifts. We also tested different known nuisance models with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique which showed a strong preference for the constant model, but it was not possible not single out a best fit nuisance model.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2023)·55 citations
20. 20*

    Weak pion-production and the second resonance region

    D.F. Tamayo Agudelo🇨🇴 · A. Mariano🇦🇷 · D.E. Jaramillo Arango🇨🇴

    In this work we report the calculation of the total cross section for pion-production by the dispersion of neutrinos on nucleons. We use a consistent formalism for the intermediate resonance states of spin $3/2$ , taking care on the conditions imposed by the invariance on contact transformations and using the Sachs parametrization for the form factors. In addition, we incorporate states in the second resonance region up to 1.6 GeV and implement different approaches for all the dressed resonance propagators. In addition to the $\Delta$(1232), we include the N${}^{\ast }$(1440),N${}^{\ast }$(1535)and N${}^{\ast }$(1520) resonance contributions, and it is shown that this inclusion improve the description of the total cross section regards a model where only the $\Delta$(1230) resonance is considered. Also results for antineutrinos are properly described.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2022)·3 citations
21. 21*

    Double inflation via non-minimally coupled spectator

    Mio Kubota🇯🇵 · Kin-ya Oda🇯🇵 · Stanislav Rusak🇪🇸 · Tomo Takahashi🇯🇵

    We argue that double inflation may occur when a spectator field is non-minimally coupled to gravity. As a concrete example, we study a two-field inflationary model where the initial spectator field is non-minimally coupled to gravity while the initial inflaton field is minimally coupled. The non-minimal coupling results in the growth of the spectator field which, in turn, drives the second stage of inflation in a significant region of parameter space. The isocurvature fluctuations originating from the spectator field source adiabatic ones, and hence the spectator non-minimal coupling can modify the inflationary predictions for the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio even though the initial inflaton field is minimally coupled to gravity. We explicitly show that quadratic chaotic inflation can become viable by the introduction of the spectator non-minimal coupling.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2022)·7 citations
22. 22*

    Chiral condensates for neutron stars in hadron-quark crossover; from a parity doublet nucleon model to an NJL quark model

    Takuya Minamikawa🇯🇵 · Toru Kojo🇨🇳 · Masayasu Harada🇯🇵

    In this contribution, we summarize our recent studies on the chiral invariant mass and the chiral condensates in neutron star matter. We construct a unified equations of state assuming the crossover phase transition from hadronic matter described by a parity doublet model to quark matter by an Nambu--Jona-Lasinio type quark model. We first show that the chiral invariant mass is constrained to be 600 MeV $\lesssim m_0\lesssim$ 900 MeV from recent observations of neutron stars. We then determine the density dependence of the chiral condensate in the crossover description, and show that the chiral condensates are actually smoothly connected from the hadronic matter where the change is driven by the positive chiral scalar charge in a nucleon, to the quark matter where the change is by the modification of the quark Dirac sea, reflecting the hadron-quark crossover.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phRev.Mex.Fis.Suppl.(2022)·2 citations
23. 23*

    Quark deconfinement in compact stars through sexaquark condensation

    D. Blaschke🇵🇱 · O. Ivanytskyi🇵🇱 · M. Shahrbaf🇵🇱

    In this contribution, we present for the first time a scenario according to which early quark deconfinement in compact stars is triggered by the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of a light sexaquark (S) with a mass $m_S<2054$ MeV, that has been suggested as a candidate particle to explain the baryonic dark matter in the Universe. The onset of S BEC marks the maximum mass of hadronic neutron stars and it occurs when the condition for the baryon chemical potential ${\mu }_b=m_S/2$ is fulfilled in the center of the star, corresponding to $M_{\mathrm{onset}}\lesssim 0.7M_{\odot }$. In the gravitational field of the star the density of the BEC of the S increases until a new state of the matter is attained, where each of the S-states got dissociated into a triplet of color-flavor-locked (CFL) diquark states. These diquarks are the Cooper pairs in the color superconducting CFL phase of quark matter, so that the developed scenario corresponds to a BEC-BCS transition in strongly interacting matter. For the description of the CFL phase, we develop here for the first time the three-flavor extension of the density-functional formulation of a chirally symmetric Lagrangian model of quark matter where confining properties are encoded in a divergence of the scalar self-energy at low densities and temperatures.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phNew Phenomena and New States of Matter in…·10 citations
24. 24*

    Cosmology and Fundamental Physics in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy

    Alexander C. Jenkins🇬🇧

    The advent of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy has presented us with a completely new means for observing the Universe, allowing us to probe its structure and evolution like never before. In this thesis, we explore three distinct but complementary avenues for using GW observations to gain new insights into cosmology and fundamental physics. In chapter 1, we study the astrophysical GW background (AGWB): the cumulative GW signal arising from a large number of compact binary coalescences (CBCs) throughout the Universe. Since these compact binaries reside in galaxies, the AGWB contains anisotropies that trace out the large-scale structure of the cosmic matter distribution. We investigate the angular power spectrum of the AGWB, with the goal of developing predictions that can be confronted with directional AGWB searches. In chapter 2, we calculate the nonlinear GW memory emitted by cusps and kinks on cosmic string loops, which are among the most promising cosmological sources of GWs. We show that, surprisingly, the cusp memory signal diverges for sufficiently large loops, indicating a breakdown in the validity of the weak-field description of the cusp. We then present one tentative possible solution to this divergence, in which the portion of the string surrounding the cusp collapses to form a primordial black hole (PBH). Finally, in chapter 3 we develop a powerful new method for GW detection based on precision measurements of the orbits of binary systems. In the presence of a stochastic GW background (GWB) the trajectories of the binary's components are perturbed, giving rise to a random walk in the system's orbital parameters over time. We calculate the sensitivity of binary pulsars and lunar laser ranging to the GWB through this effect, and show that present data are already sensitive enough to place the strongest constraints to date in the $\mu$Hz frequency band.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-ph6 citations
25. 25*

    Axial momentum and quantization of the Majorana field

    H. Arodz🇵🇱

    New approach to quantization of the relativistic Majorana field is presented. It is based on expansion of the field into eigenfunctions of the axial momentum -- a novel observable introduced recently. Relativistic invariance is used as the main guiding principle instead of canonical formalism. Hidden structure of the quantized Majorana field in the form of real Clifford algebra of Hermitian fermionic operators is unveiled. Generators of the Poincaré transformations in the Fock space are found as solutions of certain operator equations, without invoking the principle of correspondence with classical conserved quantities. Also operators of parity $\widehat{\text{mbox}P}$ and time reversal $\widehat{\text{mbox}T}$ are constructed.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phquant-phActa Phys.Polon.B(2022)·2 citations
26. 26*

    Precision study of the continuum SU(3) Yang-Mills theory: how to use parallel tempering to improve on supercritical slowing down for first order phase transitions

    S. Borsanyi🇩🇪 · Z. Fodor🇩🇪 · D. A. Godzieba🇺🇸 · R. Kara · P. Parotto🇺🇸 · D. Sexty🇦🇹

    We perform large scale simulations to characterize the transition in quenched QCD. It is shown by a rigorous finite size scaling that the transition is of first order. After this qualitative feature quantitative results are obtained with unprecedented precision: we calculate the transition temperature $w_0{T}_c$=0.25384(23), -- which is the first per-mill accurate result in QCD thermodynamics -- and the latent heat $\Delta E/T_c^4$=1.025(21)(27) in both cases carrying out controlled continuum and infinite volume extrapolations. As it is well known the cost of lattice simulations explodes in the vicinity of phase transitions, a phenomenon called critical slowing down for second order phase transitions and supercritical slowing down for first order phase transitions. We show that a generalization of the parallel tempering algorithm of Marinari and Parisi [Europhys. Lett. 19, 451 (1992)] originally for spin systems can efficiently overcome these difficulties even if the transition is of first order, like in the case of QCD without quarks, or with very heavy quarks. We also report on our investigations on the autocorrelation times and other details.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·57 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.