Tue·Feb 8, 2022Tuesday·February 8, 2022

1. 01*

   Neutrino Flavor Conversions in High-Density Astrophysical and Cosmological Environments

   Francesco Capozzi🇪🇸 · Ninetta Saviano🇮🇹

   Despite being a well understood phenomenon in the context of current terrestrial experiments, neutrino flavor conversions in dense astrophysical environments probably represent one of the most challenging open problems in neutrino physics. Apart from being theoretically interesting, such a problem has several phenomenological implications in cosmology and in astrophysics, including the primordial nucleosynthesis of light elements abundance and other cosmological observables, nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei and the explosion of massive stars. In this review, we briefly summarize the state of the art on this topic, focusing on three environments: early universe, core-collapse supernovae and compact binary mergers.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEUniverse(2022)·80 citations
2. 02*

   Hadron structure at small-x via unintegrated gluon densities

   Andrèe Dafne Bolognino🇮🇹 · Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇮🇹 · Michael Fucilla🇮🇹 · Dmitri Yu. Ivanov🇷🇺 · Alessandro Papa🇮🇹 · Wolfgang Schäfer🇵🇱 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

   Inclusive as well as exclusive emissions in forward and central directions of rapidity are widely recognized as excellent channels to access the proton structure at small-x. In this regime, to describe nucleons structure, it is necessary to use kT-unintegrated distributions. In particular, at large transverse momenta, the x-evolution of the so-called unintegrated gluon distribution is driven by the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov equation, within the framework of the high-energy factorization (HEF). Recent analyses on the diffractive electroproduction of \rho mesons have corroborated the underlying assumption that the small-size dipole scattering mechanism is at work, thus validating the use of the HEF formalism. Nonetheless, a significant sensitivity of polarized cross sections to intermediate values of the meson transverse momenta, where, in the case of inclusive emissions, a description at the hand of the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization starts to be the most appropriate framework, has been observed. In this work, we will review the formal description of the UGD within the BFKL approach and present some UGD models that have been proposed, then we will describe the state of the art of some recent phenomenological analyses.

   hep-phRev.Mex.Fis.Suppl.(2022)·40 citations
3. 03*

   Deeply Learned Preselection of Higgs Dijet Decays at Future Lepton Colliders

   So Chigusa🇺🇸 · Shu Li🇨🇳 · Yuichiro Nakai🇨🇳 · Wenxing Zhang🇨🇳 · Yufei Zhang🇨🇳 · Jiaming Zheng🇨🇳

   Future electron-positron colliders will play a leading role in the precision measurement of Higgs boson couplings which is one of the central interests in particle physics. Aiming at maximizing the performance to measure the Higgs couplings to the bottom, charm and strange quarks, we develop machine learning methods to improve the selection of events with a Higgs decaying to dijets. Our methods are based on the Boosted Decision Tree (BDT), Fully-Connected Neural Network (FCNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We find that the BDT and FCNN-based algorithms outperform the conventional cut-based method. With our improved selection of Higgs decaying to dijet events using the FCNN, the charm quark signal strength is measured with a $16\%$ error, which is roughly a factor of two better than the $34\%$ precision obtained by the cut-based analysis. Also, the strange quark signal strength is constrained as ${\mu }_{ss}\lesssim 35$ at the $95\%$ C.L. with the FCNN, which is to be compared with ${\mu }_{ss}\lesssim 70$ obtained by the cut-based method.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·7 citations
4. 04*

   Entanglement entropy and flow in two dimensional QCD: parton and string duality

   Yizhuang Liu🇵🇱 · Maciej A. Nowak🇵🇱 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

   We discuss quantum entanglement between fast and slow degrees of freedom, in a two dimensional (2D) large $N_c$ gauge theory with Dirac quarks, quantized on the light front. Using the 't Hooft wave functions, we construct the reduced density matrix for an interval in the momentum fraction $x$-space, and calculate its von Neumann entropy in terms of structure functions, that are measured by DIS on mesons (hadrons in general). We found that the entropy is bounded by an area law with logarithmic divergences, proportional to the rapidity of the meson. The evolution of the entanglement entropy with rapidity, is fixed by the cumulative singlet PDF, and bounded from above by a Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of 1. At low-$x$, the entanglement exhibits an asymptotic expansion, similar to the forward meson-meson scattering amplitude in the Regge limit. The evolution of the entanglement entropy in parton-$x$ per unit rapidity, measures the meson singlet PDF. The re-summed entanglement entropy along the single meson Regge trajectory, is string-like. We suggest that its extension to multi-meson states, models DIS scattering on a large 2D ${}^{\prime }$nucleus${}^{\prime }$. The result, is a large rate of change of the entanglement entropy with rapidity, that matches the current Bekenstein-Bremermann bound for maximum quantum information flow. This mechanism may be at the origin of the large entropy deposition and rapid thermalization, reported in current heavy ion colliders, and may extend to future electron-ion colliders.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2022)·23 citations
5. 05*

   Non-resonant Diagrams for Single Production of Top and Bottom Partners

   Avik Roy🇺🇸 · Timothy Andeen🇺🇸

   The search for Top and Bottom Partners is a major focus of analyses at both the ATLAS and CMS experiments. When singly produced, these vector-like partners of the Standard Model third generation quarks retain a sizeable cross-section that makes them attractive search candidates in their respective topologies. While most efforts have concentrated on the resonant mode for single production of these hypothetical particles, the most dominant mode at narrow widths, recent studies have revealed a wide and rich phenomenology involving the non-resonant diagrams. In this letter we categorically investigate the impact of the non-resonant diagrams on different Top and Bottom partner single production topologies and their impact on the inclusive cross-section estimation. We also propose a parameterization for calculating the the correction factor to the single vector-like quark production cross-section when such diagrams are included.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·11 citations
6. 06*

   Intensity interferometry for ultralight bosonic dark matter detection

   Hector Masia-Roig🇩🇪 · Nataniel L. Figueroa🇩🇪 · Ariday Bordon🇩🇪 · Joseph A. Smiga🇩🇪 · Yevgeny V. Stadnik🇦🇺 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪 · Gary P. Centers🇩🇪 · Alexander V. Gramolin🇺🇸 · Paul S. Hamilton🇺🇸 · Sami Khamis🇺🇸 · Christopher A. Palm🇺🇸 · Szymon Pustelny🇵🇱 and 3 other authors

   Ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM) can be described by a classical wave-like field oscillating near the Compton frequency of the bosons. If a measurement scheme for the direct detection of UBDM interactions is sensitive to a signature quadratic in the field, then there is a near-zero-frequency (dc) component of the signal. Thus, a detector with a given finite bandwidth can be used to search for bosons with Compton frequencies many orders of magnitude larger than its bandwidth. This opens the possibility of a detection scheme analogous to Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry. Assuming that the UBDM is virialized in the galactic gravitational potential, the random velocities produce slight deviations from the Compton frequency. These result in stochastic fluctuations of the intensity on a time scale determined by the spread in kinetic energies. In order to mitigate ubiquitous local low-frequency noise, a network of sensors can be used to search for the stochastic intensity fluctuations by measuring cross-correlation between the sensors. This method is inherently broadband, since a large range of Compton frequencies will yield near-zero-frequency components within the sensor bandwidth that can be searched for simultaneously. Measurements with existing sensor networks have sufficient sensitivity to search experimentally unexplored parameter space.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exphysics.atom-phPRD(2023)·28 citations
7. 07*

   The ratio $\mathcal{R}(D_s)$ for $B_s\to D_s\ell {\nu }_{\ell }$ by using the QCD light-cone sum rules within the framework of heavy quark effective field theory

   Yi Zhang🇨🇳 · Tao Zhong🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳 · Wei Cheng🇨🇳 · Long Zeng🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳

   In the paper, we study the $B_s\to D_s$ transition form factors by using the light-cone sum rules within the framework of heavy quark effective field theory. We adopt a chiral current correlation function to do the calculation, the resultant transition form factors $f_{+}^{B_s\to D_s}(q^2)$ and $f_0^{B_s\to D_s}(q^2)$ are dominated by the contribution of $D_s$-meson leading-twist distribution amplitude, while the contributions from less certain $D_s$-meson twist-3 distribution amplitudes are greatly suppressed. At the largest recoil point, we obtain $f_{+,0}^{B_s\to D_s}(0)=0.533_{-0.094}^{+0.112}$. By further extrapolating the transition form factors into all the physically allowable $q^2$ region with the help of the $z$-series parametrization approach, we calculate the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(B_s\to D_s{\ell }^{\prime }{\nu }_{{\ell }^{\prime }})$ with $({\ell }^{\prime }=e,\mu )$ and $\mathcal{B}(B_s\to D_s\tau {\nu }_{\tau })$, which gives $\mathcal{R}(D_s)=0.334\pm 0.017$.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·8 citations
8. 08*

   Effects of non-standard interaction on microscopic black holes from ultra-high energy neutrinos

   Ashutosh Kumar Alok🇮🇳 · Trisha Sarkar🇮🇳 · Shweta Yadav🇮🇳

   If the universe has more than 4-dimensions, the TeV scale gravity theories predict formation of microscopic black holes due to interaction of ultra high energy neutrinos coming from some extragalactic origin with the nucleons present in the Earth's atmosphere. The decay of these black holes can generate high multiplicity events which can be detected through neutrino telescopes. Ultra high energy neutrinos can also produce events without the formation of black holes which can be distinguished from the black hole events depending on their topological structure. In this work we study the effects of non-standard interaction on the production of these shower events. We find that new physics has inconsequential impact on the number of events produced through the generation of black holes. For events produced without the formation of black holes, new physics can only provide a marginal deviation. Therefore a large enhancement in the number of shower events over the standard model prediction can provide unambiguous signatures of TeV scale gravity in the form of microscopic black hole production.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-thEPJC(2022)·1 citation
9. 09*

   Two-loop infrared singularities in the production of a Higgs boson associated with a top-quark pair

   Jiaqi Chen🇨🇳 · Chichuan Ma🇨🇳 · Guoxing Wang🇨🇳 · Li Lin Yang🇨🇳 · Xiaoping Ye🇨🇳

   The associated production of a Higgs boson and a top-quark pair is important for probing the Yukawa coupling of the top quark, and calls for better theoretical modeling. In this paper, we calculate the two-loop infrared divergences in $t\bar{t}H$ production at hadron colliders. To do that we compute the one-loop amplitudes to higher orders in the dimensional regulator $ϵ$. Numeric results for the infrared poles are given as a reference at several representative phase-space points. The result in this work servers as a part of the ongoing efforts towards the $t\bar{t}H$ cross sections at the next-to-next-to-leading order.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2022)·13 citations
10. 10*

    A Simple Model of Dark Matter and CP Violation

    Ting-Kuo Chen🇹🇼 · Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼 · Ian Low🇺🇸

    We propose a simple model of dark matter and CP violation and consider the associated triple and quadruple productions of 125 GeV Higgs bosons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the model, the dark matter is a vector-like dark fermion $(\bar{\chi },\chi )$ interacting with the Standard Model only through a complex messenger scalar $S$ which is an electroweak singlet. New sources of CP violation reside in the most general scalar potential involving the doublet $H$ and the singlet $S$, as well as in the dark Yukawa coupling between $S$ and $(\bar{\chi },\chi )$. We study current experimental constraints from Higgs measurements, searches for new scalars at the LHC, precision electroweak measurements, EDM measurements, dark matter relic density, as well as direct and indirect detections of dark matter. A smoking-gun signature of CP violation could come from the Higgs-to-Higgs decays, $h_3\to h_2{h}_1$, where $h_3/h_2/h_1$ are the heaviest scalar, second heaviest scalar and the SM-like 125-GeV Higgs, respectively. Taking into account other Higgs-to-Higgs decays, such as $h_3\to 2h_2$ and $h_3/h_2\to 2h_1$, then gives rise to novel $3h_1$ and $4h_1$ final states, which have yet to be searched for experimentally. We present four benchmarks and show the event rates for $3h_1$ and $4h_1$ final states could be as large as $\mathcal{O}(10)\mathrm{fb}$ and $\mathcal{O}(1)\mathrm{fb}$, respectively, at the 14-TeV LHC. This work opens up a new frontier of searching for triple and quadruple Higgs bosons at a high energy collider.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·17 citations
11. 11*

    AMS-02 antiprotons and dark matter: Trimmed hints and robust bounds

    Francesca Calore🇫🇷 · Marco Cirelli🇫🇷 · Laurent Derome🇫🇷 · Yoann Genolini🇫🇷 · David Maurin🇫🇷 · Pierre Salati🇫🇷 · Pasquale D. Serpico🇫🇷

    Based on 4 yr AMS-02 antiproton data, we present bounds on the dark matter (DM) annihilation cross section vs. mass for some representative final state channels. We use recent cosmic-ray propagation models, a realistic treatment of experimental and theoretical errors, and an updated calculation of input antiproton spectra based on a recent release of the PYTHIA code. We find that reported hints of a DM signal are statistically insignificant; an adequate treatment of errors is crucial for credible conclusions. Antiproton bounds on DM annihilation are among the most stringent ones, probing thermal DM up to the TeV scale. The dependence of the bounds upon propagation models and the DM halo profile is also quantified. A preliminary estimate reaches similar conclusions when applied to the 7 years AMS-02 dataset, but also suggests extra caution as for possible future claims of DM excesses.

    hep-phastro-ph.HESciPost Phys.(2022)·94 citations
12. 12*

    An explanation of the muon puzzle of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and the role of the Forward Physics Facility for model improvement

    Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Carlos Garcia Canal🇦🇷 · Felix Kling🇩🇪 · Sergio J. Sciutto🇦🇷 · Jorge F. Soriano🇺🇸

    We investigate the observed muon deficit in air shower simulations when compared to ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) data. Based upon the observed enhancement of strangeness production in high-energy hadronic collisions reported by the ALICE Collaboration, the concomitant $\pi \leftrightarrow K$ swap is considered as the keystone to resolve the muon anomaly through its corresponding impact on the shower development. We construct a toy model in terms of the $\pi \leftrightarrow K$ swapping probability $F_s$. We present a parametrization of $F_s$ in terms of the pseudorapidity that can accommodate the UHECR data. Looking to the future, we explore potential strategies for model improvement using the massive amounts of data to be collected by LHC neutrino detectors, such as FASER$\nu$ and experiments at the Forward Physics Facility. We calculate the corresponding sensitivity to $F_s$ and show that these experiments will be able to probe the model phase space.

    hep-phJHEAp(2022)·59 citations
13. 13*

    Scrutinizing $\pi \pi$ scattering in light of recent lattice phase shifts

    Xiu-Li Gao🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳 · Zhiguang Xiao🇨🇳 · Zhi-Yong Zhou🇨🇳

    In this paper, the $IJ=00,11,20$ partial wave $\pi \pi$ scattering phase shifts determined by the lattice QCD approach are analyzed by using a novel dispersive solution of the S-matrix, i.e. the PKU representation, in which the unitarity and analyticity of scattering amplitudes are automatically satisfied and the phase shifts are conveniently decomposed into the contributions of the cuts and various poles, including bound states, virtual states and resonances. The contribution of the left-hand cut is estimated by the $SU(2)$ chiral perturbation theory to $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$. The Balanchandran-Nuyts-Roskies relations are considered as constraints to meet the requirements of the crossing symmetry. It is found that the $IJ=00$ $\pi \pi$ scattering phase shifts obtained at $m_{\pi }=391$ MeV by Hadron Spectrum Collaboration (HSC) reveal the presence of both a bound state pole and a virtual state pole below the $\pi \pi$ threshold rather than only one bound state pole for the $\sigma$. To reproduce the lattice phase shifts at $m_{\pi }=391$ MeV, a virtual-state pole in the $IJ=20$ channel is found to be necessary in order to balance the left-hand cut effects from the chiral amplitudes. Similar discussions are also carried out for the lattice results with $m_{\pi }=236$ MeV from HSC. The observed behaviors of the pole positions with respect to the variation of the pion masses can provide deep insights into our understanding of the dynamical origin of $\sigma$ resonance.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2022)·13 citations
14. 14*

    The Two-Loop Massless Off-Shell QCD Operator Matrix Elements to Finite Terms

    J. Blümlein🇩🇪 · P. Marquard🇩🇪 · C. Schneider🇦🇹 · K. Schönwald🇩🇪

    We calculate the unpolarized and polarized two--loop massless off--shell operator matrix elements in QCD to $O(\epsilon )$ in the dimensional parameter in an automated way. Here we use the method of arbitrary high Mellin moments and difference ring theory, based on integration-by-parts relations. This method also constitutes one way to compute the QCD anomalous dimensions. The presented higher order contributions to these operator matrix elements occur as building blocks in the corresponding higher order calculations up to four--loop order. All contributing quantities can be expressed in terms of harmonic sums in Mellin--$N$ space or by harmonic polylogarithms in $z$--space. We also perform comparisons to the literature.

    hep-phhep-thNPB(2022)·20 citations
15. 15*

    Parametrising CCQE uncertainties in the Spectral Function model for neutrino oscillation analyses

    Jaafar Chakrani🇫🇷 · Margherita Buizza Avanzini🇫🇷 · Stephen Dolan🇨🇭

    A substantial fraction of systematic uncertainties in neutrino oscillation experiments stems from the lack of precision in modeling the nucleus when describing the neutrino-nucleus interactions. The Spectral Function (SF) model features a distribution of momenta and removal energies of nucleons inside the nucleus within the shell-model picture, and also accounts for short-range correlations between nucleons. These characteristics offer significant improvements with respect to the more commonly used Fermi gas-based models. Electron scattering experiments offer a precise probe of the structure of the nucleus and have been used to both construct and validate the SF model. SF is thus an interesting reference model for long baseline neutrino experiments. Based on constraints from electron scattering data, we develop a set of parameters that can alter the occupancy of the nuclear shells and the distribution of the nucleon momentum within each shell. In addition, the impact of final-state interactions on the outgoing lepton and nucleon kinematics, the contribution of short-range correlations and the effect of Pauli blocking can also be modified. In this document, we will first describe the development of these parameters, partially based on a comparison with electron scattering data. We then show fits of these parameters to available T2K and MINER$\nu$A cross-section data and discuss how they can be used to constrain the systematic uncertainties related to the SF model in neutrino oscillation analyses.

    hep-phhep-exPoS(2022)·7 citations
16. 16*

    Magnetism of QCD matter and pion mass from tensor-type spin polarization and anomalous magnetic moment of quarks

    Fan Lin🇨🇳 · Kun Xu🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳

    We investigate the magnetism of QCD matter and pion mass under magnetic field considering the contribution from the tensor-type spin polarization and the anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) of quarks. It is found that the tensor-type spin polarization (TSP) induces the magnetic catalysis of chiral condensate and diamagnetism (negative magnetic susceptibility) of quark matter at low temperature, both neutral and charged pion masses increase quickly with magnetic field in the case of TSP. The anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) of quarks induces magnetic inhibition and a magnetic dependent AMM causes inverse magnetic catalysis at finite temperature, and the neutral pion mass decreases with magnetic field while the charged pion mass shows nonmonotonic behavior with the magnetic field, which is qualitatively in agreement with lattice result. However, the magnetic susceptibility is positive at low temperature with AMM. In the current framework, our results show the irreconcilable contradiction between the diamagnetism and inverse magnetic catalysis.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·23 citations
17. 17*

    Enhanced Higgs pair production from higgsino decay at the HL-LHC

    Jianpeng Dai🇨🇳 · Tao Liu🇨🇳 · Daohan Wang🇨🇳 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳

    The scenario of multi-sector SUSY breaking predicts pseudo-goldstinos which are not absorbed by the gravitino and their mass can be as low as $\mathcal{O}(0.1)$ GeV. Since the interactions of pseudo-goldstinos are not so weak as gravitino, a produced higgsino can decay to a pseudo-goldstino plus a Higgs boson insider the detector at the LHC, and thus the higgsino pair production can lead to the signal of Higgs pair plus missing energy. For the scenario of natural SUSY which requires rather light higgsinos, such events may sizably outnumber the Higgs pair events predicted by the SM and be accessible at the HL-LHC (14 TeV with a luminosity of 3~${\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$). In this work we examine the observability of such Higgs pair plus missing energy from the decay of light higgsinos produced at the HL-LHC. Considering three channels of the Higgs-pair decay ($bbW{W}^{\ast }$, $bb\gamma \gamma$, $bbbb$), our detailed Monte Carlo simulations for the signal and backgrounds show that the best channel is $bbbb+{\text{E slash}}_T$, whose statistical significance can reach $2\sigma$ level for a light higgsino allowed by current experiments. This is over the SM Higgs pair result which is about $1.8\sigma$.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2022)·2 citations
18. 18*

    Exclusive photoproduction of heavy quarkonia pairs

    Sebastián Andradé🇨🇱 · Marat Siddikov🇨🇱 · Iván Schmidt🇨🇱

    In this paper we study the high energy exclusive photoproduction of heavy quarkonia pairs in the leading order of the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$. In the suggested mechanism the quarkonia pairs are produced with opposite charge parities, and have predominantly oppositely directed transverse momenta. Using the Color Glass Condensate approach, we estimated numerically the production cross-sections in the kinematics of the forthcoming electron-proton colliders, as well as proton-ion colliders in ultraperipheral collisions. We found that the cross-sections are within the reach of planned experiments and can be measured with reasonable precision. The suggested mechanism has significantly larger cross-section than that of the same $C$-parity quarkonia pair production.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·11 citations
19. 19*

    Magnetized pole-mass of neutral $\rho$ meson within full RPA evaluation

    Sidney S. Avancini🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · William R. Tavares🇧🇷 · Varese S. Timóteo🇧🇷

    In this work we calculate the pole-mass of the ${\rho }^0$ meson with different spin projections $s_z=0,\pm 1$ in the context of the magnetized two-flavor Nambu--Jona--Lasinio model. Making use of the mean field approximation to obtain the effective quark mass as a function of the magnetic field, we apply the random phase approximation (RPA) to the vector channel in order to calculate the polarization function for each spin component. We adopt the magnetic field independent regularization (MFIR) in our evaluations as a method of separating divergences and the Pauli-Villars regularization for the vacuum contributions. The ${\rho }^0$ meson mass with spin projection $s_z=\pm 1$ is always catalysed with the magnitude of the magnetic field, showing good agreement with Lattice QCD results. The mass projection $s_z=0$ has a non-monotonic behavior, decreasing until the minimum at $eB\lesssim 0.15$ GeV${}^2$, which is in contrast with available LQCD data.

    hep-phhep-latNPB(2022)·9 citations
20. 20*

    Polarized Antimatter in the Proton from Global QCD Analysis

    C. Cocuzza🇺🇸 · W. Melnitchouk🇺🇸 · A. Metz🇺🇸 · N. Sato🇺🇸

    We present the first simultaneous global QCD analysis of spin-dependent parton distribution functions alongside their spin-averaged counterparts and pion, kaon, and unidentified hadron fragmentation functions. This analysis includes all data relevant for constraining the polarized light quark sea asymmetry $\Delta \bar{u}-\Delta \bar{d}$, in particular the latest polarized $W$-lepton production data from the STAR collaboration at RHIC and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data from COMPASS, allowing the most robust extraction available with minimal theoretical assumptions. We also extract a self-consistent set of antiquark polarization ratios $\Delta \bar{u}/\bar{u}$ and $\Delta \bar{d}/\bar{d}$ and determine the signs of the truncated contributions to the proton spin from the light antiquarks.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2022)·67 citations
21. 21*

    Perturbative hysteresis and emergent resummation scales

    V. Bertone🇫🇷 · G. Bozzi🇮🇹 · F. Hautmann🇧🇪

    We investigate hysteresis effects in the perturbative solution of renormalisation group equations (RGEs). We present examples for the QCD running coupling and proton's parton distribution functions (PDFs), relevant to precision physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future collider experiments. We propose the use of resummation scales to take into account the theoretical uncertainties from the solution of the RGEs. As a case study, we consider the $F_2$ structure function in a region relevant to the extraction of PDFs.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·16 citations
22. 22*

    DarkFlux: A new tool to analyze indirect-detection spectra of next-generation dark matter models

    Antonio Boveia🇺🇸 · Linda M. Carpenter🇺🇸 · Boyu Gao🇺🇸 · Taylor Murphy🇺🇸 · Emma Tolley🇨🇭

    We present DarkFlux, a software tool designed to analyze indirect-detection signatures for next-generation models of dark matter (DM) with multiple annihilation channels. Version 1.0 of this tool accepts user-generated models with $2\to 2$ tree-level dark matter annihilation to pairs of Standard Model (SM) particles and analyzes DM annihilation to $\gamma$ rays. The tool consists of three modules -- the annihilation fraction module, the flux module, and the analysis module -- which can be run in a loop in order to scan over DM mass if desired. [A description of each module is available in the full abstract.] DarkFlux v1.0 compares the total $\gamma$-ray flux to a joint-likelihood analysis of fifteen dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) analyzed by the $Fermi$-LAT collaboration. DarkFlux automatically provides data tables and can plot the output of the three modules. In this manual, we briefly motivate this indirect-detection computer tool and review the essential DM physics. We then describe the several modules of DarkFlux in greater detail. Finally, we show how to install and run DarkFlux and provide two worked examples demonstrating its capabilities.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPhys.Dark Univ.(2022)·4 citations
23. 23*

    Revisiting the Dark Matter Interpretation of Excess Rates in Semiconductors

    Peter Abbamonte🇺🇸 · Daniel Baxter🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Gordan Krnjaic🇺🇸 · Noah Kurinsky🇺🇸 · Bashi Mandava🇺🇸 · Lucas K. Wagner🇺🇸

    In light of recent results from low-threshold dark matter detectors, we revisit the possibility of a common dark matter origin for multiple excesses across numerous direct detection experiments, with a focus on the excess rates in semiconductor detectors. We explore the interpretation of the low-threshold calorimetric excess rates above 40 eV in the silicon SuperCDMS Cryogenic Phonon Detector and above 100 eV in the germanium EDELWEISS Surface detector as arising from a common but unknown origin, and demonstrate a compatible fit for the observed energy spectra in both experiments, which follow a power law of index $\alpha =3.43_{-0.06}^{+0.11}$. Despite the intriguing scaling of the normalization of these two excess rates with approximately the square of the mass number $A^2$, we argue that the possibility of common origin by dark matter scattering via nuclear recoils is strongly disfavored, even allowing for exotic condensed matter effects in an as-yet unmeasured kinematic regime, due to the unphysically-large dark matter velocity required to give comparable rates in the different energy ranges of the silicon and germanium excesses. We also investigate the possibility of inelastic nuclear scattering by cosmic ray neutrons, solar neutrinos, and photons as the origin, and quantitatively disfavor all three based on known fluxes of particles.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPRD(2022)·12 citations
24. 24*

    New bounds on axion-like particles from MicroBooNE

    Pilar Coloma🇪🇸 · Pilar Hernández🇪🇸 · Salvador Urrea🇪🇸

    Neutrino experiments lie at the edge of the intensity frontier and therefore can be exploited to search for new light particles weakly coupled to the visible sector. In this work we derive new constraints on axion-like particles (ALPs) using data from the MicroBooNE experiment, from a search for $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pairs pointing in the direction of the NuMI absorber. In particular, we consider the addition of higher-dimensional effective operators coupling the ALP to the electroweak gauge bosons. These would induce $K\to \pi a$ from kaon decay at rest in the NuMI absorber, as well as ALP decays into pairs of leptons or photons. We discuss in detail and compare various results obtained for the decay width $K\to \pi a$ in previous literature. For the operator involving the Higgs, MicroBooNE already sets competitive bounds (comparable to those of NA62) for ALP masses between 100 and 200 MeV. We also compute the expected sensitivities from the full NuMI dataset recorded at MicroBooNE. Our results show that a search for a $a\to \gamma \gamma$ signal may be able to improve over current constraints from beam-dump experiments on the operator involving the ALP coupling to the $W$.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·16 citations
25. 25*

    Nonresonant Searches for Axion-Like Particles in Vector Boson Scattering Processes at the LHC

    J. Bonilla🇪🇸 · I. Brivio🇩🇪 · J. Machado-Rodríguez🇪🇸 · J. F. de Trocóniz🇪🇸

    We propose a new search for Axion-Like Particles (ALPs), targeting Vector Boson Scattering (VBS) processes at the LHC. We consider nonresonant ALP-mediated VBS, where the ALP participates as an off-shell mediator. This process occurs whenever the ALP is too light to be produced resonantly, and it takes advantage of the derivative nature of ALP interactions with the electroweak Standard Model bosons. We study the production of $ZZ$, $Z\gamma$, $W^{\pm }\gamma$, $W^{\pm }Z$ and $W^{\pm }{W}^{\pm }$ pairs with large diboson invariant masses in association with two jets. Working in a gauge-invariant framework, upper limits on ALP couplings to electroweak bosons are obtained from a reinterpretation of Run 2 public CMS VBS analyses. The constraints inferred on ALP couplings to $ZZ$, $Z\gamma$ and $W^{\pm }{W}^{\pm }$ pairs are very competitive for ALP masses up to 100 GeV. They have the advantage of being independent of the ALP coupling to gluons and of the ALP decay width. Simple projections for LHC Run 3 and HL-LHC are also calculated, demonstrating the power of future dedicated analyses at ATLAS and CMS.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·60 citations
26. 26*

    Belle II sensitivity to long-lived dark photons

    Torben Ferber🇩🇪 · Camilo Garcia-Cely🇩🇪 · Kai Schmidt-Hoberg🇩🇪

    In this letter we point out that the Belle II experiment has a unique sensitivity to visibly decaying long-lived dark photons. Concentrating on the signatures with a single high energy photon in association with a displaced pair of charged particles, we find that Belle II will be able to probe large regions of parameter space that cannot be covered by any other running or proposed experimental facility. While the signature with charged muons or pions in the final state is expected to be background-free after all selections are applied, the case of final state electrons is more involved and requires an in-depth study. We discuss possible ways to further suppress backgrounds and the corresponding experimental prospects.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·47 citations
27. 27*

    New constraints on extended Higgs sectors from the trilinear Higgs coupling

    Henning Bahl🇺🇸 · Johannes Braathen🇩🇪 · Georg Weiglein🇩🇪

    The trilinear Higgs coupling ${\lambda }_{hhh}$ is crucial for determining the structure of the Higgs potential and for probing possible effects of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Focusing on the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model as a concrete example, we identify parameter regions in which ${\lambda }_{hhh}$ is significantly enhanced with respect to the SM. Taking into account all relevant corrections up to the two-loop level, we show that already current experimental bounds on ${\lambda }_{hhh}$ rule out significant parts of the parameter space that would otherwise be unconstrained. We illustrate the interpretation of the results on ${\lambda }_{hhh}$ for a benchmark scenario. Similar results are expected for wide classes of models with extended Higgs sectors.

    hep-phPRL(2022)·61 citations
28. 28*

    Inflation with two-form field: the production of primordial black holes and gravitational waves

    Tomohiro Fujita🇯🇵 · Hiromasa Nakatsuka🇯🇵 · Ippei Obata🇩🇪 · Sam Young🇩🇪

    Antisymmetric tensor field (two-form field) is a ubiquitous component in string theory and generally couples to the scalar sector through its kinetic term. In this paper, we propose a cosmological scenario that the particle production of two-form field, which is triggered by the background motion of the coupled inflaton field, occurs at the intermediate stage of inflation and generates the sizable amount of primordial black holes as dark matter after inflation. We also compute the secondary gravitational waves sourced by the curvature perturbation and show that the resultant power spectra are testable with the future space-based laser interferometers.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2022)·5 citations
29. 29*

    Amplitude bases in generic EFTs

    Stefano De Angelis🇬🇧

    We present for the first time an efficient algorithm to find a basis of kinematically independent structures built of (massless and massive) spinor helicity variables in four dimensions. This method provides a classification of independent contact terms for the scattering amplitudes with generic masses, spins and multiplicity, in any effective field theory (EFT). These contact terms are in one-to-one correspondence with a complete set of irrelevant operators in the EFT. As basic applications of our method, we classify the $D^{2n}{F}^4$ contact terms in SU$(N)$ Yang-Mills theory for $n\le 8$, dimension-six operators involving five $W^{\pm }$, $Z$ and $\gamma$ vector bosons, and spin-tidal effective interactions for spin-1 massive particles in gravitational theories.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2022)·48 citations
30. 30*

    Investigating dark energy by electromagnetic frequency shifts

    Alessandro D.A.M. Spallicci🇫🇷 · Giuseppe Sarracino🇮🇹 · Salvatore Capozziello🇮🇹

    The observed red shift $z$ might be composed by the expansion red shift $z_{\mathrm{C}}$ and an additional frequency shift $z_{\mathrm{S}}$, towards the red or the blue, by considering Extended Theories of Electromagnetism (ETE). Indeed, massive photon theories - the photon has a real mass as in the de Broglie-Proca theory or an effective mass as in the Standard-Model Extension (SME), based on Lorentz-Poincaré Symmetry Violation (LSV) - or Non-Linear Electro-Magnetism (NLEM) theories may induce a cosmological expansion independent frequency shift in presence of background (inter-) galactic electromagnetic fields, and where of relevance LSV fields, even when both fields are constant. We have tested this prediction considering the Pantheon Catalogue, composed by 1048 SNe Ia, and 15 BAO data, for different cosmological models characterised by the absence of a cosmological constant. From the data, we compute which values of $z_{\mathrm{S}}$ match the observations, spanning cosmological parameters ($\Omega$ densities and Hubble-Lemaître constant) domains. We conclude that the frequency shift $z_{\mathrm{S}}$ can support an alternative to accelerated expansion, naturally accommodating each SN Ia position in the distance-modulus versus red shift diagram, due to the light-path dependency of $z_{\mathrm{S}}$. Finally, we briefly mention laboratory test approaches to investigate the additional shift from ETE predictions.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2022)·11 citations
31. 31*

    Heavy quarks at finite temperature

    Johannes Heinrich Weber🇩🇪

    New incarnations of heavy-ion collision experiments are turning our attention to hard processes and a more fine-grained resolution of the QGP. In this endeavor quarkonia or open heavy flavors turn out to be versatile probes, which are usually described through models based on perturbative QCD, AdS, and effective field theories. The lattice provides nonperturbative input and constraints to such models.\newline In-medium bottomonia, the complex static quark-antiquark potential, and the heavy-quark momentum diffusion coefficient are key quantities where lattice gauge theory has recently achieved significant progress with impact for heavy-ion phenomenology. We review these lattice results, relate them to phenomenological applications, and close with an outlook.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-exnucl-thPoS(2022)·1 citation
32. 32*

    Lorentz transformation in Maxwell equations for slowly moving media

    Xin-Li Sheng🇨🇳 · Yang Li🇨🇳 · Shi Pu🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳

    We use the method of field decomposition, a technique widely used in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, to study the small velocity approximation (SVA) of the Lorentz transformation in Maxwell equations for slowly moving media. The "deformed" Maxwell equations derived under the SVA in the lab frame can be put into the conventional form of Maxwell equations in the medium's comoving frame. Our results show that the Lorentz transformation in the SVA up to $O(v/c)$ ($v$ is the speed of the medium and $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum) is essential to derive these equations: the time and charge density must also change when transforming to a different frame even in the SVA, not just the position and current density as in the Galilean transformation. This marks the essential difference of the Lorentz transformation from the Galilean one. We show that the integral forms of Faraday and Ampere equations for slowly moving surfaces are consistent with Maxwell equations. We also present Faraday equation the covariant integral form in which the electromotive force can be defined as a Lorentz scalar independent of the observer's frame. No evidences exist to support an extension or modification of Maxwell equations.

    ↳ physics.class-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-scihep-ph+1Symmetry(2022)·2 citations
33. 33*

    Jet Flavour Tagging for Future Colliders with Fast Simulation

    Franco Bedeschi🇮🇹 · Loukas Gouskos🇨🇭 · Michele Selvaggi🇨🇭

    Jet flavour identification algorithms are of paramount importance to maximise the physics potential of future collider experiments. This work describes a novel set of tools allowing for a realistic simulation and reconstruction of particle level observables that are necessary ingredients to jet flavour identification. An algorithm for reconstructing the track parameters and covariance matrix of charged particles for an arbitrary tracking sub-detector geometries has been developed. Additional modules allowing for particle identification using time-of-flight and ionizing energy loss information have been implemented. A jet flavour identification algorithm based on a graph neural network architecture and exploiting all available particle level information has been developed. The impact of different detector design assumptions on the flavour tagging performance is assessed using the FCC-ee IDEA detector prototype.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2022)·67 citations
34. 34*

    High-Energy Neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei

    Kohta Murase🇺🇸 · Floyd W. Stecker🇺🇸

    Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are sources of high-energy gamma-rays and are considered to be promising candidates to be sources of high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos as well. We present and discuss various models for ion acceleration and their interactions with matter and radiation leading to high-energy neutrino production. We consider neutrino production mechanisms in both jet-loud and jet-quiet AGN, focusing on disks and coronae in the vicinity of the central black hole, jet regions, and magnetized environments surrounding the AGN. The IceCube Collaboration has reported high-energy neutrino events that may come from both the jet-loud AGN TXS 0506+056 and the jet-quiet AGN NGC 1068. We discuss the implications of these observations themselves as well as the the origins of the all-sky neutrino intensity.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GAhep-phWorld Scientific Series in Astrophysics: …·66 citations
35. 35*

    Sensitivity to Dijet Resonances at Proton-Proton Colliders

    Robert M. Harris🇺🇸 · Emine Gurpinar Guler🇹🇷 · Yalcin Guler🇹🇷

    A significant benchmark for discovery at a proton-proton collider is the sensitivity to a dijet resonance, X, the intermediate state of the s-channel process $pp\to X\to 2\text{mbox}jets$. To probe the highest resonance masses, hadron collider experiments have used the classic technique of searching for bumps in the mass spectrum of two individually resolved jets. In this Snowmass 2021 study, we explore the search sensitivity to multiple benchmark models of dijet resonances at current and future proton-proton colliders. We present the expected masses for $5\sigma$ discovery and 95\% confidence level exclusion of diquarks, colorons, excited quarks, $W^{\prime }s$, $Z^{\prime }s$ and Randall-Sundrum gravitons, resulting from accumulation of integrated luminosities between 10 and $10^5$ fb${}^{-1}$, at proton-proton colliders operating at energies $\sqrt{s}=$ 13, 14, 27, 75, 100, 150, 300 and 500 TeV.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph11 citations
36. 36*

    Old Phase Remnants in First Order Phase Transitions

    Philip Lu🇰🇷 · Kiyoharu Kawana🇰🇷 · Ke-Pan Xie🇺🇸

    First order phase transitions (FOPTs) are usually described by the nucleation and expansion of new phase bubbles in the old phase background. While the dynamics of new phase bubbles have been extensively studied, a comprehensive treatment of the shrinking old phase remnants remained undeveloped. We present a novel formalism for remnant statistics in FOPTs and perform the first analytical calculations of their distribution. By shifting to the reverse time description, we identify the shrinking remnants with expanding old phase bubbles, allowing a quantitative evolution and determination of the population statistics. Our results not only provide essential input for cosmological FOPT-induced soliton/primordial black hole formation scenarios, but can also be readily applied to generic FOPTs.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2022)·46 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.