Thu·Jan 27, 2022Thursday·January 27, 2022

1. 01*

   Interaction of inhomogeneous axions with magnetic fields in the early universe

   Maxim Dvornikov (IZMIRAN)🇷🇺

   We study the system of interacting axions and magnetic fields in the early universe after the quantum chromodynamics phase transition, when axions acquire masses. Both axions and magnetic fields are supposed to be spatially inhomogeneous. We derive the equations for the spatial spectra of these fields, which depend on conformal time. In case of the magnetic field, we deal with the spectra of the energy density and the magnetic helicity density. The evolution equations are obtained in the closed form within the mean field approximation. We choose the parameters of the system and the initial condition which correspond to realistic primordial magnetic fields and axions. The system of equations for the spectra is solved numerically. We compare the cases of inhomogeneous and homogeneous axions. The evolution of the magnetic field in these cases is different only within small time intervals. Generally, magnetic fields are driven mainly by the magnetic diffusion. We find that the magnetic field instability takes place for the amplified initial wavefunction of the homogeneous axion. This instability is suppressed if we account for the inhomogeneity of the axion.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPLB(2022)·7 citations
2. 02*

   Dark Matter in the CP-violating NMSSM

   Waqas Ahmed🇨🇳 · Mark Goodsell🇫🇷 · Shoaib Munir🇷🇼

   In the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model there is a strong correlation between the mass terms corresponding to the singlet Higgs and the singlino interaction states, both of which are proportional to the parameter $\kappa$. If this parameter is complex, explicit CP-violation occurs in the Higgs as well as the neutralino sectors of the model at the tree level, unlike in the minimal scenario. A small magnitude of $\kappa$ typically yields a $\mathcal{O}$(10) GeV lightest neutralino with a dominant singlino component. In such a scenario, the phase of $\kappa$, beside modifying the properties of the five Higgs bosons, can also have a crucial impact on the phenomenology of the neutralino dark matter. In this study we perform a first investigation of this impact on the relic abundance of the dark matter solutions with sub-100 GeV masses, obtained for parameter space configurations of the model that are consistent with a variety of current experimental data.

   hep-phEPJC(2022)·4 citations
3. 03*

   Lepton flavor violation and scotogenic Majorana neutrino mass in a Stueckelberg $U(1{)}_X$ model

   Chuan-Hung Chen🇹🇼 · Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼 · Takaaki Nomura🇨🇳 · Chun-Wei Su🇹🇼

   We construct a scotogenic Majorana neutrino mass model in a gauged $U(1{)}_X$ extension of the standard model, where the mass of the gauge boson and the unbroken gauge symmetry, which leads to a stable dark matter (DM), can be achieved through the Stueckelberg mechanism. It is found that the simplest version of the extended model consists of the two inert-Higgs doublets and one vector-like singlet fermion. In addition to the Majorana neutrino mass, we study the lepton flavor violation (LFV) processes, such as ${\ell }_i\to {\ell }_j\gamma$, ${\ell }_i\to 3{\ell }_j$, $\mu -e$ conversion rate in nucleus, and muonium-antimuonium oscillation. We show that the sensitivities of $\mu \to 3e$ and $\mu -e$ conversion rate designed in Mu3e and COMET/Mu2e experiments make both decays the most severe constraints on the $\mu \to e$ LFV processes. It is found that $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ and $\tau \to 3\mu$ can reach the designed significance level of Belle II. In addition to explaining the DM relic density, we also show that the DM-nucleon scattering cross section can satisfy the currently experimental limit of DM direct detection.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·4 citations
4. 04*

   Analysis of the $\gamma n\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^{-}(1385)$ photoproduction

   Ai-Chao Wang🇨🇳 · Neng-Chang Wei🇨🇳 · Fei Huang🇨🇳

   In our previous work [Phys. Rev. D $101$, 074025 (2020)], the photoproduction $\gamma p\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^0(1385)$ has been investigated within an effective Lagrangian approach. There, the reaction amplitudes were constructed by considering the $t$-channel $K$ and $K^{\ast }(892)$ exchanges, $s$-channel $N$ contribution, $u$-channel $\Lambda$ exchange, generalized contact term, and a minimum number of $s$-channel $N$ and $\Delta$ resonance diagrams. It was found that the inclusion of one of the $N(1895){1/2}^{-}$, $\Delta (1900){1/2}^{-}$, and $\Delta (1930){5/2}^{-}$ resonances is essential to reproduce the available differential and total cross-section data for $\gamma p\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^0(1385)$. In the present work, we employ the same model to study the photoproduction $\gamma n\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^{-}(1385)$, with the purpose being to understand the reaction mechanism and, in particular, to figure out which one of the $N(1895){1/2}^{-}$, $\Delta (1900){1/2}^{-}$, and $\Delta (1930){5/2}^{-}$ resonances is really capable for a simultaneous description of the data for both $K^{+}{\Sigma }^0(1385)$ and $K^{+}{\Sigma }^{-}(1385)$ photoproduction reactions. The results show that the available data on differential and total cross sections and photo-beam asymmetries for $\gamma n\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^{-}(1385)$ can be reproduced only with the inclusion of the $\Delta (1930){5/2}^{-}$ resonance rather than the other two. The generalized contact term and the $t$-channel $K$ exchange are found to dominate the background contributions. The resonance $\Delta (1930){5/2}^{-}$ provides the most important contributions in the whole energy region considered, and it is responsible for the bump structure exhibited in the total cross sections.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·7 citations
5. 05*

   Investigating the ratio of CKM matrix elements $|V_{ub}|/|V_{cb}|$ from semileptonic decay $B_s^0\to K^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu }$ and kaon twist-2 distribution amplitude

   Tao Zhong🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳

   In this paper, we calculate the ratio of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements, $|V_{ub}|/|V_{cb}|$, based on the semileptonic decay $B_s^0\to K^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu }$. Its key component, the $B_s\to K$ transition form factor $f_{+}^{B_s\to K}(q^2)$, is studied within the QCD light-cone sum rules approach by using a chiral correlator. The derived $f_{+}^{B_s\to K}(q^2)$ is dominated by the leading-twist part, and to improve its precision, we construct a new model for the kaon leading-twist distribution amplitude ${\varphi }_{2;K}(x,\mu )$, whose parameters are fixed by using the least squares method with the help of the moments calculated by using the QCD sum rules within the background field theory. The first four moments at the initial scale ${\mu }_0=1\mathrm{GeV}$ are, $⟨{\xi }^1{⟩}_{2;K}=-0.0438_{-0.0075}^{+0.0053}$, $⟨{\xi }^2{⟩}_{2;K}=0.262\pm 0.010$, $⟨{\xi }^3{⟩}_{2;K}=-0.0210_{-0.0035}^{+0.0024}$ and $⟨{\xi }^4{⟩}_{2;K}=0.132\pm 0.006$, respectively. And their corresponding Gegenbauer moments are, $a_1^{2;K}=-0.0731_{-0.0124}^{+0.0089}$, $a_2^{2;K}=0.182_{-0.030}^{+0.029}$, $a_3^{2;K}=-0.0114_{-0.0016}^{+0.0008}$ and $a_4^{2;K}=0.041_{+0.005}^{-0.003}$, respectively. At the large recoil region, we obtain $f_{+}^{B_s\to K}(0)=0.270_{-0.030}^{+0.022}$. By extrapolating $f_{+}^{B_s\to K}(q^2)$ to all the physical allowable region, we obtain a $|V_{ub}|$-independent decay width for the semileptonic decay $B_s^0\to K^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu }$, $5.626_{-0.864}^{+1.271}\times 10^{-12}\mathrm{GeV}$, which then leads to $|V_{ub}|/|V_{cb}|=0.072\pm 0.005$.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·17 citations
6. 06*

   Electron spin- and photon polarization-resolved probabilities of strong-field QED processes

   Yue-Yue Chen🇨🇳 · Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan🇩🇪 · Christoph H. Keitel🇩🇪 · Rashid Shaisultanov🇩🇪

   A derivation of fully polarization-resolved probabilities is provided for high-energy photon emission and electron-positron pair production in ultrastrong laser fields. The probabilities resolved in both electron spin and photon polarization of incoming and outgoing particles are indispensable for developing QED Monte Carlo and QED-Particle-in-Cell codes, aimed at the investigation of polarization effects in nonlinear QED processes in ultraintense laser-plasma and laser-electron beam interactions, and other nonlinear QED processes in external ultrastrong fields, which involve multiple elementary processes of a photon emission and pair production. The quantum operator method introduced by Baier and Katkov is employed for the calculation of probabilities within the quasiclassical approach and the local constant field approximation. The probabilities for the ultrarelativistic regime are given in a compact form and are suitable to describe polarization effects in strong laser fields of arbitrary configuration, rendering them very well suited for applications.

   hep-phphysics.plasm-phPRD(2022)·37 citations
7. 07*

   MiMeS, the Misalignment Mechanism Solver

   Dimitrios Karamitros🇬🇧

   We briefly discuss MiMeS, a C++ library that can solve the axion and axion-like equation of motion in various axion models and cosmological histories.

   hep-phPoS(2022)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Glauber gluons in pion-induced Drell-Yan processes revisited

   Hsiang-nan Li🇹🇼

   We reanalyze the anomalous angular distribution of lepton pairs produced in a pion-induced Drell-Yan process by taking into account the Glauber gluon effect in the $k_T$ factorization theorem. Compared to the previous study, we adopt the realistic parton distribution functions (PDFs) for a proton from the CTEQ and for a pion from the xFitter, include the QCD evolutions of the strong coupling and the PDFs, and integrate the differential cross section over the kinematic regions for the NA10, E615 and COMPASS experiments. These improvements then allow rigorous confrontations of theoretical results with the data. It is shown that the lepton angular distribution and the violation of the Lam-Tung relation measured in all the above experiments can be well accommodated with a single Glauber phase. We illustrate the Glauber effect in the geometric picture for a Drell-Yan process, and its distinction from the conventional Boer-Mulders mechanism. The observables are pointed out, which can be used to discriminate the two proposals, when data become more precise.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·0 citations
9. 09*

   Josephson junction-based axion detection through resonant activation

   Roberto Grimaudo🇮🇹 · Davide Valenti🇮🇹 · Bernardo Spagnolo🇮🇹 · Giovanni Filatrella🇮🇹 · Claudio Guarcello🇮🇹

   We discuss the resonant activation phenomenon on a Josephson junction due to the coupling of the Josephson system with axions. We show how such an effect can be exploited for axion detection. A nonmonotonic behavior, with a minimum, of the mean switching time from the superconducting to the resistive state versus the ratio of the axion energy and the Josephson plasma energy is found. We demonstrate how variations in switching times make it possible to detect the presence of the axion field. An experimental protocol for observing axions through their coupling with a Josephson system is proposed.

   hep-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.supr-conPRD(2022)·16 citations
10. 10*

    New Test of Neutrino Oscillation Coherence with Leggett-Garg Inequality

    Xing-Zhi Wang🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

    Leggett-Garg Inequality~(LGI) is a time analogue of Bell's inequality that concerns measurements performed on a system at different times. Violation to LGI indicates quantum coherence. We present a Leggett-Garg-type inequality compatible with more general neutrino oscillation frameworks, allowing the effects of decoherence to be taken into consideration. The inequality is applied to test coherence for data from Daya Bay, MINOS, and KamLAND experiments, and their results are compared to theoretical predictions to investigate decoherence. Both Daya Bay and MINOS data exhibit clear violations of over $10\sigma$, and of over 90$\%$ of theoretical predictions, while the KamLAND data exhibit violation of $1.9\sigma$, being of 58$\%$ of the theoretical prediction. The present work is the first to have considered the energy uncertainties in neutrino coherence tests.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phEPJC(2022)·25 citations
11. 11*

    Nucleon-Nucleon Short-Ranged Correlations, $\beta$ Decay and the Unitarity of the CKM Matrix

    Levi Condren🇺🇸 · Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸

    The influence of nucleon-nucleon short-ranged correlations (SRC) on nuclear super-allowed $\beta$ decay is examined. The need for this is driven by the observed depletion of spectroscopic strength obtained in studies of $(e,e^{\prime })$ and $(d{,}^3\mathrm{He})$ reactions on a wide variety of nuclei. We show that the influence of SRC is model-dependent, but may be very substantial. The ${}^{46}$V nucleus is used as an example. The resulting impact on studies of the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element is discussed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2022)·14 citations
12. 12*

    Self-similar sequence transformation for critical exponents

    V.I. Yukalov🇷🇺 · E.P. Yukalova🇷🇺

    Self-similar sequence transformation is an original type of nonlinear sequence transformations allowing for defining effective limits of asymptotic sequences. The method of self-similar factor transformations is shown to be regular. This method is applied for calculating the critical exponents of the $O(N)$-symmetric ${\phi }^4$ theory in three dimensions by summing asymptotic $\epsilon$ expansions. It is shown that this method is straightforward and essentially simpler than other summation techniques involving complicated numerical calculations, while enjoying comparable accuracy.

    ↳ cond-mat.stat-mechhep-phmath-phmath.MPPLA(2022)·5 citations
13. 13*

    High energy neutrinos from fast winds in Novae

    W. Bednarek🇵🇱 · A. Śmiałkowski🇵🇱

    We discuss a scenario in which TeV neutrinos are produced during explosions of Novae. It is argued that hadrons are accelerated to very high energies in the inner part of a Nova wind, as a result of reconnection of the strong magnetic field of a White Dwarf. Hadrons are expected to interact efficiently with a dense matter of the wind, either already during the acceleration process or during their advection with the equatorial wind. We calculate the neutrino spectra, and estimate the muon neutrino event rates in the IceCube telescope, in the case of a few Novae. In general, those event rates are unlikely to be detected with the present neutrino detectors. However, for favourable location of the observer, some neutrino events might be detected not only from the class of Novae recently detected in the GeV $\gamma$-rays by the {\it Fermi}-LAT telescope but also from novae not detected in $\gamma$-rays. The GeV $\gamma$-ray emission observed from Novae cannot originate in terms of the model discussed here, since protons are accelerated within a few stellar radii of the White dwarf, i.e. in the region in which GeV $\gamma$-rays are expected to be severely absorbed in the interactions with the radiation field and the matter of the wind.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phMNRAS(2022)·11 citations
14. 14*

    Testing Screened Modified Gravity

    Philippe Brax🇫🇷 · Santiago Casas🇩🇪 · Harry Desmond🇺🇸 · Benjamin Elder🇺🇸

    Long range scalar fields with a coupling to matter appear to violate known bounds on gravitation in the solar system and the laboratory. This is evaded thanks to screening mechanisms. In this short review, we shall present the various screening mechanisms from an effective field theory point of view. We then investigate how they can and will be tested in the laboratory and on astrophysical and cosmological scales.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phUniverse(2021)·128 citations
15. 15*

    Obtaining fully polarised amplitudes in gauge invariant form

    Naser Ahmadiniaz🇩🇪 · Victor Miguel Banda Guzman🇲🇽 · Christian Schubert🇲🇽 · Fiorenzo Bastianelli🇮🇹 · Olindo Corradini🇮🇹 · James P. Edwards🇬🇧

    We describe progress applying the \textit{Worldline Formalism} of quantum field theory to the fermion propagator dressed by $N$-photons to study multi-linear Compton scattering processes, explaining how this approach -- whose calculational advantages are well-known at multi-loop order -- yields compact and manifestly gauge invariant scattering amplitudes.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2022)·0 citations
16. 16*

    Low-energy theorem and OPE in the conformal window of massless QCD

    Marco Bochicchio🇮🇹 · Elisabetta Pallante🇳🇱

    We develop a new technique, based on a low-energy theorem (LET) of NSVZ type derived in arXiv:1701.07833, for the nonperturbative investigation of SU(N) QCD with N${}_f$ massless quarks - or, more generally, of massless QCD-like theories - in phases where the beta function, $\beta (g)$, with $g=g(\mu )$ the renormalized gauge coupling, admits an isolated zero, $g_{\ast }$, in the infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV). We point out that the LET sets constraints on 3-point correlators involving the insertion of $Tr{F}^2$, its anomalous dimension ${\gamma }_{F^2}$, and the anomalous dimensions of multiplicatively renormalizable operators at $g_{\ast }$. These constraints intertwine with the exact conformal scaling for $g(\mu )\to g_{\ast }$ with $\mu \ne 0,+\infty$ fixed and the IR/UV asymptotics - which may or may not coincide with the IR/UV limit of the aforementioned conformal scaling - for ${\Lambda }_{IR/UV}$ fixed. In the conformal case we also discuss how the LET for bare correlators is the rationale for the existence in massless QCD of the mysterious divergent contact term in the OPE of $Tr{F}^2$ with itself discovered in perturbation theory in arXiv:1209.1516, arXiv:1407.6921 and computed to all orders in arXiv:1601.08094. Specifically, if ${\gamma }_{F^2}$ does not vanish, the divergent contact term in the rhs of the LET for the 2-point correlator of $Tr{F}^2$ has to match - and we verify by direct computation that it actually does - the divergence in the lhs due to the nontrivial anomalous dimension of $Tr{F}^2$. Hence, remarkably, the additive renormalization due to the divergent contact term in the rhs is related by the LET to the multiplicative renormalization in the lhs, in such a way that a suitably renormalized version of the LET has no ambiguity for additive renormalization.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-ph2 citations
17. 17*

    Impact of nuclear structure on the CME background in ${}_{44}^{96}$Ru + ${}_{44}^{96}$Ru and ${}_{40}^{96}$Zr + ${}_{40}^{96}$Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 $\sim$ 200 GeV from a multiphase transport model

    Fei Li🇨🇳 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳 · Song Zhang🇨🇳 · Guo-Liang Ma🇨🇳 · Qi-Ye Shou🇨🇳

    Impacts of nuclear structure on multiplicity ($N_{ch}$) and anisotropic flows ($v_2$ and $v_3$) in the isobaric collisions of ${}_{44}^{96}$Ru + ${}_{44}^{96}$Ru and ${}_{40}^{96}$Zr + ${}_{40}^{96}$Zr at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 27, 62.4 and 200 GeV are investigated by using the string melting version of A MultiPhase Transport (AMPT) model. In comparison with the experimental data released recently by the STAR collaboration, it is found that the impact of quadrupole deformation ${\beta }_2$ on the $v_2$ difference is mainly manifested in the most central collisions, while the octupole deformation ${\beta }_3$ is in the near-central collisions, and the neutron skin effect dominates in the mid-central collisions. Viewing from the energy dependence, these effects are magnified at lower energies.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2022)·17 citations
18. 18*

    Discrete spacetime symmetries, second quantization, and inner products in a non-Hermitian Dirac fermionic field theory

    Jean Alexandre🇬🇧 · John Ellis🇬🇧 · Peter Millington🇬🇧

    We extend to a non-Hermitian fermionic quantum field theory with PT symmetry our previous discussion of second quantization, discrete symmetry transformations, and inner products in a scalar field theory [arXiv:2006.06656]. For illustration, we consider a prototype model containing a single Dirac fermion with a parity-odd, anti-Hermitian mass term. In the phase of unbroken PT symmetry, this Dirac fermion model is equivalent to a Hermitian theory under a similarity transformation, with the non-Hermitian nature of the model residing only in the spinor structure, whereas the algebra of the creation and annihilation operators is just that of a Hermitian theory.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MP+1PRD(2022)·14 citations
19. 19*

    Non-linear interaction of laser light with vacuum: contributions to the energy density and pressure in presence of an intense magnetic field

    M. Ángeles Pérez-García🇪🇸 · A. Pérez Martínez🇨🇺 · E. Rodríguez Querts🇨🇺

    Recent simulations show that very large electric and magnetic fields near the kilo Tesla strength will likely be generated by ultra-intense lasers at existing facilities over distances of hundreds of microns in underdense plasmas. Stronger ones are even expected in the future although some technical dificulties must be overcome. In addition, it has been shown that vacuum exhibits a peculiar non-linear behaviour in presence of high magnetic and electric field strengths. In this work we are interested in the analysis of thermodynamical contributions of vacuum to the energy density and pressure when radiation interacts with it in the presence of an external magnetic field. Using the Euler-Heisenberg formalism in the regime of weak fields i.e. smaller than critical Quantum Electrodynamics field strength values, we evaluate these magnitudes and analyze the highly anisotropic behaviour we find. Our work has implications for photon-photon scattering with lasers and astrophysically magnetized underdense systems far outside their surface where matter effects are increasingly negligible.

    ↳ physics.plasm-phastro-ph.SRhep-phphysics.opticsPlasma Phys.Control.Fusion(2022)·2 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.