Fri·Jan 14, 2022Friday·January 14, 2022

1. 01*

   Measuring properties of a dark photon from semi-invisible decay of the Higgs boson

   Hugues Beauchesne🇹🇼 · Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼

   Considerable efforts have been dedicated to discovering a dark photon via the decay of the Higgs boson to a photon and an invisible particle. A subject that is still mostly unexplored is which properties of the dark photon could be measured at the LHC if an excess were to be found in this channel and whether we could determine if this signal is indeed that of a dark photon. In this paper, we seek to address some of these questions for two Higgs production channels: gluon-fusion and $Z$-associated. First, prospects are presented for the upper limit on the mass of a massless dark photon and for the uncertainty on the mass of a massive dark photon. Second, we study the feasibility of distinguishing this signal from that of the Higgs decaying to a gravitino and a neutralino that decays to a photon and another gravitino. Finally, the complementary possibility of observing the decay of the Higgs to a dark photon and a $Z$ boson is studied.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Flavour anomalies in supersymmetric scenarios with non-minimal flavour violation

   M.A. Boussejra🇫🇷 · F. Mahmoudi🇫🇷 · G. Uhlrich🇫🇷

   Motivated by tensions between experimental measurements and SM predictions in $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ transitions, we present the first study of non-minimal flavour-violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) scenarios contributing to the relevant Wilson coefficients to address the observed anomalies using SuperIso and MARTY. We calculate the full one-loop analytical contributions of the general MSSM to Wilson coefficients relevant for flavour anomalies, together with the anomalous muon magnetic dipole moment $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$. We show that, after imposing theoretical constraints on the flavour-violating parameters we can find scenarios in agreement with the experimental measurements that can address at the same time the tensions in flavour observables and in $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Neutrino effective potential and damping in a fermion and scalar background in the resonance region

   Jose F. Nieves🇺🇸 · Sarira Sahu🇲🇽

   We consider the propagation of a neutrino or an antineutrino in a medium composed of fermions $f$ and scalars $\varphi$ interacting via a Yukawa-type coupling of the form $\bar{f}\nu \varphi$, for neutrino energies at which the processes like $\nu +\varphi \leftrightarrow f$ or $\nu +\bar{f}\leftrightarrow \bar{\varphi }$, and the corresponding ones for the antineutrino, are kinematically accessible. The relevant energy values are around $|m_{\varphi }^2-m_f^2|/2m_{\varphi }$ or $|m_{\varphi }^2-m_f^2|/2m_f$, where $m_{\varphi }$ and $m_f$ are the masses of $\varphi$ and $f$, respectively. We refer to either one of these regions as a resonance energy range. Near these points, the one-loop formula for the neutrino self-energy has a singularity. From a technical point of view, that feature is indicative that the self-energy acquires an imaginary part, which is associated with damping effects and cannot be neglected, while the integral formula for the real part must be evaluated using the principal value of the integral. We carry out the calculations explicitly for some cases that allow us to give analytic results. Writing the dispersion relation in the form $\omega =\kappa +V_{\text{eff}}-i\gamma /2$, we give the explicit formula for $V_{\text{eff}}$ and $\gamma$ for the cases considered. When the neutrino energy is either much larger or much smaller than the resonance energy, $V_{\text{eff}}$ reduces to the effective potential that has been already determined in the literature in the high or low momentum regime, respectively. The virtue of the formula we give for $V_{\text{eff}}$ is that it is valid also in the \emph{resonance energy range}, which is outside the two limits mentioned. As a guide to possible applications we give the relevant formulas for $V_{\text{eff}}$ and $\gamma$, and consider the solution to the oscillation equations including the damping term, in a simple two-generation case.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRD(2022)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Comparing generator predictions of transverse kinematic imbalance in neutrino-argon scattering

   Lars Bathe-Peters🇺🇸 · Steven Gardiner🇺🇸 · Roxanne Guenette🇺🇸

   The largest uncertainties in estimating neutrino-nucleus interaction cross sections lie in the incomplete understanding of nuclear effects. A powerful tool to study nuclear effects is Transverse Kinematic Imbalance. This paper presents the first detailed comparison of the predictions of multiple event generators for distributions associated with Transverse Kinematic Imbalance for neutrino interactions on argon. Predictions for muon neutrinos interacting with an argon target are obtained using four standard neutrino event generation tools (GENIE, NuWro, GiBUU and NEUT). Example opportunities for discrimination between nuclear models leveraging future measurements are highlighted. The predictions shown in this paper are motivated by studying muon neutrinos from the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam interacting at the location of the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber, but the methods directly apply to other accelerator-based liquid argon neutrino experiments such as SBND, ICARUS and DUNE.

   hep-ph15 citations
5. 05*

   Threshold and infrared singularities: time evolution, asymptotic state and entanglement entropy

   Daniel Boyanovsky🇺🇸

   Threshold and infrared divergences are studied as possible mechanisms of particle production and compared to the usual decay process in a model quantum field theory from which generalizations are obtained. A spectral representation of the propagator of the decaying particle suggests that decay, threshold and infrared singularities while seemingly different phenomena are qualitatively related. We implement a non-perturbative dynamical resummation method to study the time evolution of an initial state. It is manifestly unitary and yields the asymptotic state and the distribution function of produced particles. Whereas the survival probability in a decay process falls off as $e^{-\Gamma t}$, for threshold and infrared divergent cases falls off instead as $e^{-\sqrt{t/t^{\ast }}}$ and $t^{-\Delta }$ respectively, with $\Gamma ,\Delta \propto (coupling{)}^2$ whereas $1/t^{\ast }\propto (coupling{)}^4$. Despite the different decay dynamics, the asymptotic state is qualitatively similar: a kinematically entangled state of the daughter particles with a distribution function which fulfills the unitarity condition and is strongly peaked at energy conserving transitions but broadened by the "lifetime" $1/\Gamma ;t^{\ast }$ for usual decay and threshold singularity, whereas it scales with the anomalous dimension $\Delta$ for the infrared singular case. Threshold and infrared instabilities are production mechanisms just as efficient as particle decay. If one of the particles is in a dark sector and not observed, the loss of information yields an entanglement entropy determined by the distribution functions and increases upon unitary time evolution.

   hep-phhep-thquant-phPRD(2022)·4 citations
6. 06*

   Strongly first-order electroweak phase transition by relatively heavy additional Higgs bosons

   Shinya Kanemura🇯🇵 · Masanori Tanaka🇯🇵

   We discuss first-order electroweak phase transition in models with extended Higgs sectors for the case with relatively heavy additional scalar bosons. We first show that, by the combination of the sphaleron decoupling condition, perturbative unitarity and vacuum stability, mass upper bounds on additional scalar bosons can be obtained at the TeV scale even at the alignment limit where the lightest Higgs boson behaves exactly like the SM Higgs boson at tree level. We then discuss phenomenological impacts of the case with the additional scalar bosons with the mass near 1 TeV. Even when they are too heavy to be directly detected at current and future experiments at hadron colliders, the large deviation in the triple Higgs boson coupling can be a signature for first-order phase transition due to quantum effects of such heavy additional Higgs bosons. On the other hand, gravitational waves from the first-order phase transition are found to be weaker in this case as compared to that with lower masses of additional scalar bosons.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·18 citations
7. 07*

   Masses and widths of the exotic molecular $B_{(s)}^{(\ast )}{B}_{(s)}^{(\ast )}$ states

   L. R. Dai🇨🇳 · E. Oset🇪🇸 · A. Feijoo🇪🇸 · R. Molina🇪🇸 · L. Roca🇪🇸 · A. Martínez Torres🇧🇷 · K. P. Khemchandani🇧🇷

   We study the interaction of the doubly bottom systems $BB$, $B^{\ast }B$, $B_{s}B$, $B_s^{\ast }B$, $B^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$, $B^{\ast }{B}_s$, $B^{\ast }{B}_s^{\ast }$, $B_s{B}_s$, $B_s{B}_s^{\ast }$, $B_s^{\ast }{B}_s^{\ast }$ by means of vector meson exchange with Lagrangians from an extension of the local hidden gauge approach. The full s-wave scattering matrix is obtained implementing unitarity in coupled channels by means of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We find poles below the channel thresholds for the attractively interacting channels $B^{\ast }B$ in $I=0$, $B_s^{\ast }B-B^{\ast }{B}_s$ in $I=\frac{1}{2}$, $B^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$ in $I=0$, and $B_s^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$ in $I=\frac{1}{2}$, all of them with $J^P=1^{+}$. For these cases the widths are evaluated identifyng the dominant source of imaginary part. We find binding energies of the order of $10-20$ MeV, and the widths vary much from one system to the other: of the order of 10-100 eV for the $B^{\ast }B$ system and $B_s^{\ast }B-B^{\ast }{B}_s$, about $6$ MeV for the $B^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$ system and of the order of $0.5$ MeV for the $B_s^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$ system.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·39 citations
8. 08*

   Gluon transversity and TMDs for spin-1 hadrons

   S. Kumano🇯🇵 · Qin-Tao Song🇨🇳

   We explain a gluon transversity, transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs), and parton distribution functions (PDFs) for spin-1 hadrons. The gluon transversity exists in hadrons with spin more than or equal to one, and it does not exist in the spin-1/2 nucleons. Since there is no direct contribution from the nucleons, it is an appropriate quantity to probe an exotic component in the spin-1 deuteron beyond a simple bound system of the nucleons. We show how the gluon transversity can be measured at hadron accelerator facilities by the Drell-Yan process in addition to lepton-accelerator experiments. Next, possible TMDs are explained for the spin-1 hadrons at the twists 3 and 4 in addition to twist-2 ones by considering tensor polarizations. We found that 30 TMDs exist in the tensor-polarized spin-1 hadron at the twists 3 and 4 in addition to 10 TMDs at the twist 2. There are 3 collinear PDFs at the twists 3 and 4. We also indicate that the corresponding TMD fragmentation functions exist at the twists 3 and 4. Due to the time-reversal invariance in the collinear PDFs, there are new sum rules on the time-reversal odd TMDs. In addition, we obtained a useful twist-2 relation, a sum rule, and relations with multiparton distribution functions by using the operator product expansion and the equation of motion for quarks. These findings are valuable for experimental investigations on polarized deuteron structure functions in 2020's and 2030's at world accelerator facilities.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thRev.Mex.Fis.Suppl.(2022)·1 citation
9. 09*

   Next-to-tribimaximal mixing against CP violation and baryon asymmetry signs

   Shao-Ping Li🇨🇳 · Yuan-Yuan-Li🇨🇳 · Xin-Shuai Yan🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇨🇳

   Four next-to-tribimaximal (NTBM) mixing patterns are widely considered as the feasible candidates for the observed leptonic mixing structure. With the recent measurements from T2K, as well as intensive global fits, the interval of $\sin {\delta }_{CP}>0$ for the Dirac CP-violating phase is persistently small in the normal ordering while $\sin {\delta }_{CP}<0$ is successively obtained up to $3\sigma$ level in the inverted ordering. In this paper, we advocate the fitting results of Dirac CP-violating phase as a constraint, and show that, it can basically rule out half of the regions allowed by the constraint from three mixing angles only. In addition, given the small $\sin {\delta }_{CP}>0$ interval, we find that a unique NTBM pattern can be selected out of the four candidates within $3\sigma$ uncertainty of the latest NuFIT 5.1, when the patterns are exposed to a Yukawa texture-independent leptogenesis for the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. For the surviving pattern, we find an interesting correlation between the Dirac CP-violating phase and the octant of atmospheric angle ${\theta }_{23}$ , where ${\theta }_{23}>45^{\circ }$ can be predicted once $5\pi /6<{\delta }_{CP}<\pi$ in the normal ordering can be confirmed in the future measurements.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·4 citations
10. 10*

    Relativistic composite-particle theory of the gravitational form factors of pion: quantitative results

    A.F. Krutov🇷🇺 · V.E. Troitsky🇷🇺

    We use a version of the instant-form relativistic quantum mechanics of composite systems to obtain the gravitational form factors of the pion in a common approach to its electroweak and gravitational properties. In the preceding work [arXiv:2010.11640] we formulated the mathematical background, presented the principal scheme of calculation and testified the obtained qualitative results to satisfy the general constraints given by the principles of the theory of hadron structure. In the present work we give the detailed calculation of the gravitational form factors in large range of momentum transfer, their static limits and the slopes at zero value, the mean-square mass and mechanical radii of the pion. Now we take into account the qravitational structure of the constituent quarks. We show that the results are almost insensitive to the type of the model two-quark wave function in a close analogy to the case of the pion electromagnetic form factor. We present a correct calculation of the form factor $D$ and corresponding matrix element of the energy-momentum tensor, going beyond the scope of the modified impulse approximation. Most of the parameters that we use for the calculation had been fixed even earlier in our works on the pion electromagnetic form factors. The only free parameter is the $D$-term of the constituent quark, which we fix by fitting the result for the slope at zero of the normalized to pion $D$-term form factor $D$ of pion, to a choosen experimental value.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·13 citations
11. 11*

    $B$-physics anomalies: EFT analyses and simplified models

    Lukas Allwicher🇨🇭

    We discuss some theoretical aspects related to the $B$-anomalies, both for the neutral current and the charged current anomalies. A possible combined explanation within an EFT framework as well as an explicit simplified model featuring the $U_1$ leptoquark are discussed. The model gives rise to predictions in other sectors that are experimentally accessible within the next few years.

    hep-ph4 citations
12. 12*

    Strangeness $S=-2$ baryon-baryon interactions and femtoscopic correlation functions in covariant chiral effective field theory

    Zhi-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Kai-Wen Li🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    We study the baryon-baryon interactions with strangeness $S=-2$ and corresponding momentum correlation functions in leading order covariant chiral effective field theory. The relevant low energy constants are determined by fitting to the latest HAL QCD simulations, taking into account all the coupled channels. Extrapolating the so-obtained strong interactions to the physical point and considering both quantum statistical effects and the Coulomb interaction, we calculate the $\Lambda \Lambda$ and ${\Xi }^{-}p$ correlation functions with a spherical Gaussian source and compare them with the recent experimental data. We find remarkable agreement between our predictions and the experimental measurements by using the source radius determined in proton-proton correlations, which demonstrates the consistency between theory, experiment, and lattice QCD simulations. Moreover, we predict the ${\Sigma }^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}$, ${\Sigma }^{+}\Lambda$, and ${\Sigma }^{+}{\Sigma }^{-}$ interactions and corresponding momentum correlation functions. We further investigate the influence of the source shape and size of the hadron pair on the correlation functions studied and show that the current data are not very sensitive to the source shape. Future experimental measurement of the predicted momentum correlation functions will provide a non-trivial test of not only SU(3) flavor symmetry and its breaking but also the baryon-baryon interactions derived in covariant chiral effective field theory.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thCPC(2023)·42 citations
13. 13*

    Constraining Light Mediators via Detection of Coherent Elastic Solar Neutrino Nucleus Scattering

    Yu-Feng Li🇨🇳 · Shuo-yu Xia🇨🇳

    Dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments are entering the multiple-ton era and will be sensitive to the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) of solar neutrinos, enabling the possibility to explore contributions from new physics with light mediators at the low energy range. In this paper we consider light mediator models (scalar, vector and axial vector) and the corresponding contributions to the solar neutrino CE$\nu$NS process. Motivated by the current status of new generation of DM direct detection experiments and the future plan, we study the sensitivity of light mediators in DM direct detection experiments of different nuclear targets and detector techniques. The constraints from the latest ${}^8$B solar neutrino measurements of XENON-1T are also derived. Finally, We show that the solar neutrino CE$\nu$NS process can provide stringent limitation on the $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ model with the vector mediator mass below 100 MeV, covering the viable parameter space of the solution to the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2022)·18 citations
14. 14*

    One-loop Matching of the Type-II Seesaw Model onto the Standard Model Effective Field Theory

    Xu Li🇨🇳 · Di Zhang🇨🇳 · Shun Zhou🇨🇳

    In this paper, we continue to construct the low-energy effective field theories (EFTs) of the canonical seesaw models, which are natural extensions of the Standard Model (SM) to accommodate tiny but nonzero neutrino masses. Different from three right-handed neutrino singlets in the type-I seesaw model, the Higgs triplet in the type-II seesaw model participates directly in the electroweak gauge interactions, rendering the EFT construction more challenging. By integrating out the heavy Higgs triplet in the functional-integral formalism, we carry out a complete one-loop matching of the type-II seesaw model onto the so-called Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). It turns out that 41 dimension-six operators (barring flavor structures and Hermitian conjugates) in the Warsaw basis of the SMEFT can be obtained, covering all those 31 dimension-six operators in the case of type-I seesaw model. The Wilson coefficients for 41 dimension-six operators are computed up to $\mathcal{O}\left(M_{\Delta }^{-2}\right)$ with $M_{\Delta }^{}$ being the mass scale of the Higgs triplet. Moreover, the branching ratios of rare radiative decays of charged leptons $l_{\alpha }^{-}\to l_{\beta }^{-}+\gamma$ are calculated in the EFT and compared with that in the full theory in order to demonstrate the practical application and the correctness of our EFT construction.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·37 citations
15. 15*

    Impact of Wave Packet Separation in Low-Energy Sterile Neutrino Searches

    Carlos A. Argüelles🇺🇸 · Toni Bertólez-Martínez🇪🇸 · Jordi Salvado🇪🇸

    Light sterile neutrinos have been motivated by anomalies observed in short-baseline neutrino experiments.Among them, radioactive-source and reactor experiments have provided evidence and constraints, respectively, for electron neutrino disappearance compatible with an eV-scale neutrino. The results from these observations are seemingly in conflict. This letter brings into focus the assumption that the neutrino wave packet can be approximated as a plane wave, which is adopted in all analyses of such experiments. We demonstrate that the damping of oscillations, e.g., due to a finite wave packet size, solve the tension between these electron-flavor observations and constraints.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·38 citations
16. 16*

    Matching to Higgs-Compositeness and Renormalization of the Higgs-Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian extended by a Scalar Singlet

    Andreas Lindner🇩🇪 · Khoirul Faiq Muzakka🇩🇪

    We match the electroweak chiral Lagrangian with two singlet scalars to the next-to-minimal composite Higgs model with $SO(6)/SO(5)$ coset structure and extract the scalar divergences to one loop. Assuming the additional scalar to be heavy, we integrate it out and perform a matching to the well-established electroweak chiral Lagrangian with one light Higgs.

    hep-ph4 citations
17. 17*

    New Options for SUSY-kind Dark Matter

    E.V. Arbuzova🇷🇺

    In the conventional cosmology masses of the stable supersymmetric relics, candidates for the dark matter (DM) particles, should be typically below 1 TeV. This is in conflict with the LHC bounds on the low energy SUSY. However, in $R^2$-gravity the masses of the stable particles with the interaction strength typical for SUSY could be much higher depending upon the dominant decay mode of the scalaron. We discuss the bounds on the masses of DM particles for the following dominant decay modes: to minimally coupled massless scalars, to massive fermions, and to gauge bosons.

    hep-phastro-ph.COMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2022)·2 citations
18. 18*

    Quenched glueballs in the DSE/BSE framework

    Markus Q. Huber🇩🇪 · Christian S. Fischer🇩🇪 · Hèlios Sanchis-Alepuz🇦🇹

    The spectrum of glueballs with quantum numbers $J^{\mathsf{PC}}=0^{\pm +},2^{\pm +},3^{\pm +},4^{\pm +}$ is calculated in quenched quantum chromodynamics from bound state equations. The input is taken from a parameter-free calculation of two- and three-point functions. Our results agree well with lattice results where available and contain also some additional states. For the scalar glueball, we present first results for the effects of additional diagrams which turn out to be strongly suppressed.

    hep-phRev.Mex.Fis.Suppl.(2022)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Renormalization Group Flows for Track Function Moments

    Max Jaarsma🇳🇱 · Yibei Li🇨🇳 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Wouter Waalewijn🇳🇱 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳

    Track functions describe the collective effect of the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into charged hadrons, making them a key ingredient for jet substructure measurements at hadron colliders, where track-based measurements offer superior angular resolution. The first moment of the track function, describing the average energy deposited in charged particles, is a simple and well-studied object. However, measurements of higher-point correlations of energy flow necessitate a characterization of fluctuations in the hadronization process, described theoretically by higher moments of the track function. In this paper we derive the structure of the renormalization group (RG) evolution equations for track function moments. We show that energy conservation gives rise to a shift symmetry that allows the evolution equations to be written in terms of cumulants, $\kappa (N)$, and the difference between the first moment of quark and gluon track functions, $\Delta$. The uniqueness of the first three cumulants then fixes their all-order evolution to be DGLAP, up to corrections involving powers of $\Delta$, that are numerically suppressed by an effective order in the perturbative expansion for phenomenological track functions. However, at the fourth cumulant and beyond there is non-trivial RG mixing into products of cumulants such as $\kappa (4)$ into $\kappa (2{)}^2$. We analytically compute the evolution equations up to the sixth moment at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$, and study the associated RG flows. These results allow for the study of up to six-point correlations in energy flow using tracks, paving the way for precision jet substructure at the LHC.

    hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2022)·65 citations
20. 20*

    Dark matter scattering in astrophysical media: collective effects

    William DeRocco🇺🇸 · Marios Galanis🇺🇸 · Robert Lasenby🇺🇸

    It is well-known that stars have the potential to be excellent dark matter detectors. Infalling dark matter that scatters within stars could lead to a range of observational signatures, including stellar heating, black hole formation, and modified heat transport. To make robust predictions for such phenomena, it is necessary to calculate the scattering rate for dark matter inside the star. As we show in this paper, for small enough momentum transfers, this requires taking into account collective effects within the dense stellar medium. These effects have been neglected in many previous treatments; we demonstrate how to incorporate them systematically, and show that they can parametrically enhance or suppress dark matter scattering rates depending on how dark matter couples to the Standard Model. We show that, as a result, collective effects can significantly modify the potential discovery or exclusion reach for observations of compact objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars. While the effects are more pronounced for dark matter coupling through a light mediator, we show that even for dark matter coupling via a heavy mediator, scattering rates can differ by orders of magnitude from their naive values for dark matter masses <~ 100 MeV. We also illustrate how collective effects can be important for dark matter scattering in more dilute media, such as the Solar core. Our results demonstrate the need to systematically incorporate collective effects in a wide range of astroparticle contexts; to facilitate this, we provide expressions for in-medium self-energies for a variety of different media, which are applicable to many other processes of interest (such as particle production).

    hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRJCAP(2022)·31 citations
21. 21*

    ALPINIST: Axion-Like Particles In Numerous Interactions Simulated and Tabulated

    Jan Jerhot🇧🇪 · Babette Döbrich🇨🇭 · Fatih Ertas🇩🇪 · Felix Kahlhoefer🇩🇪 · Tommaso Spadaro🇮🇹

    Proton beam dump experiments are among the most promising strategies to search for light and feebly interacting states such as axion-like particles (ALPs). The interpretation of these experiments is however complicated by the wide range of ALP models and the multitude of different production and decay channels that can induce observable signals. Here we propose a new approach to this problem by separating the calculation of constraints and projected sensitivities into model-independent and model-dependent parts. The former rely on extensive Monte Carlo simulations of ALP production and decays, as well as estimates of the detection efficiencies based on simplified detector geometries. Once these simulations have been performed and tabulated, the latter parts only require simple analytical rescalings that can be performed using the public code ALPINIST released together with this work. We illustrate this approach by considering several ALP models with couplings to Standard Model gauge bosons. For the case of ALPs coupled to gluons we show that the sensitivity of proton beam dump experiments can be extended significantly by considering hadronic ALP decays into three-body final states.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·58 citations
22. 22*

    Towards a Dark Sector Model from String Theory

    Heliudson Bernardo🇨🇦 · Robert Brandenberger🇨🇦 · Jürg Fröhlich (McGill and ETH)🇨🇭

    An embedding of a unified dark sector model into string theory with the following features is proposed: The model-independent axion descending from the Kalb-Ramond 2-form field is identified with the dark-matter field, and the real part of a Kähler modulus field -- the ``radius'' of one of the extra spatial dimensions -- accounts for dark energy. The expectation value of the dilaton field is stabilized by a gaugino condensation mechanism. A dark-energy potential corresponding to a realistic low energy scale results from some gentle tuning of the stabilized expectation value of the dilaton. The resulting potential reproduces the one in a previous dark-sector model proposed by two of us.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2022)·20 citations
23. 23*

    Observables from spherically symmetric modified dispersion relations

    Dagmar Läänemets🇪🇪 · Manuel Hohmann🇪🇪 · Christian Pfeifer🇩🇪

    In this work we continue the systematic study of observable effects emerging from modified dispersion relations. We study the motion of test particles subject to a general first order modification of the general relativistic dispersion relation as well as subject to the $\kappa$-Poincaré dispersion relation in spherical symmetry. We derive the corrections to the photon sphere, the black hole shadow, the Shapiro delay and the light deflection and identify the additional dependence of these observables on the photons' four momentum, which leads to measurable effects that can be compared to experimental data. The results presented here can be interpreted in two ways, depending on the origin of the modified dispersion relation: on the one hand as prediction for traces of quantum gravity, when the modified dispersion relation is induced by phenomenological approaches to quantum gravity, on the other hand as predictions of observables due to the presence of a medium, like a plasma, which modifies the dispersion relation of light on curved spacetimes.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phInt.J.Geom.Meth.Mod.Phys.(2022)·13 citations
24. 24*

    The Road to Precision Cosmology

    Michael S. Turner🇺🇸

    The past 50 years has seen cosmology go from a field known for the errors being in the exponents to precision science. The transformation, powered by ideas, technology, a paradigm shift and culture change, has revolutionized our understanding of the Universe, with the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm as its crowning achievement. I chronicle the journey of precision cosmology and finish with my thoughts about what lies ahead.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph68 citations
25. 25*

    Lepton Number vs Coulomb Super-Criticality

    A. Krasnov🇷🇺 · K. Sveshnikov🇷🇺

    The non-perturbative effects of QED-vacuum reconstruction under influence of a supercritical EM-source ($Z>Z_{cr,1}$) are considered in view of lepton number conservation. The question is here that if the vacuum shells formation and spontaneous positron emission, associated with discrete levels diving into the lower continuum, exist in reality, then it by no means should be a signal of new physics. The reason is that the emitted positrons carry away the lepton number equal to $(-1)\times$their total number, and so the corresponding amount of positive lepton number should be shared by VP-density, concentrated in vacuum shells. In this case instead of integer lepton number of real particles there should appear the lepton number VP-density. Otherwise either the lepton number conservation in such processes must be broken, or the spontaneous positron emission prohibited. The conditions, under which the emission of vacuum positrons can be unambiguously detected on the nuclear conversion pairs background, are also discussed.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-ph5 citations
26. 26*

    Comments on the mass sheet degeneracy in cosmography analyses

    Luca Teodori🇮🇱 · Kfir Blum🇮🇱 · Emanuele Castorina🇮🇹 · Marko Simonović🇨🇭 · Yotam Soreq🇮🇱

    We make a number of comments regarding modeling degeneracies in strong lensing measurements of the Hubble parameter $H_0$. The first point concerns the impact of weak lensing associated with different segments of the line of sight. We show that external convergence terms associated with the lens-source and observer-lens segments need to be included in cosmographic modeling, in addition to the usual observer-source term, to avoid systematic bias in the inferred value of $H_0$. Specifically, we show how an incomplete account of some line of sight terms biases stellar kinematics as well as ray tracing simulation methods to alleviate the mass sheet degeneracy. The second point concerns the use of imaging data for multiple strongly-lensed sources in a given system. We show that the mass sheet degeneracy is not fully resolved by the availability of multiple sources: some degeneracy remains because of differential external convergence between the different sources. Similarly, differential external convergence also complicates the use of multiple sources in addressing the approximate mass sheet degeneracy associated with a local ("internal") core component in lens galaxies. This internal-external degeneracy is amplified by the non-monotonicity of the angular diameter distance as a function of redshift. For a rough assessment of the weak lensing effects, we provide estimates of external convergence using the nonlinear matter power spectrum, paying attention to non-equal time correlators.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phJCAP(2022)·9 citations
27. 27*

    On-shell Correlators and Color-Kinematics Duality in Curved Symmetric Spacetimes

    Clifford Cheung🇺🇸 · Julio Parra-Martinez🇺🇸 · Allic Sivaramakrishnan🇺🇸

    We define a perturbatively calculable quantity--the on-shell correlator--which furnishes a unified description of particle dynamics in curved spacetime. Specializing to the case of flat and anti-de Sitter space, on-shell correlators coincide precisely with on-shell scattering amplitudes and boundary correlators, respectively. Remarkably, we find that symmetric manifolds admit a generalization of on-shell kinematics in which the corresponding momenta are literally the isometry generators of the spacetime acting on the external kinematic data. These isometric momenta are intrinsically non-commutative but exhibit on-shell conditions that are identical to those of flat space, thus providing a common language for computing and representing on-shell correlators which is agnostic about the underlying geometry. Afterwards, we compute tree-level on-shell correlators for biadjoint scalar (BAS) theory and the nonlinear sigma model (NLSM) and learn that color-kinematics duality is manifested at the level of fields under a mapping of the color algebra to the algebra of gauged isometries on the spacetime manifold. Last but not least, we present a field theoretic derivation of the fundamental BCJ relations for on-shell correlators following from the existence of certain conserved currents in BAS theory and the NLSM.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2022)·84 citations
28. 28*

    Gravitational Waves from an Inflation Triggered First-Order Phase Transition

    Haipeng An🇨🇳 · Kun-Feng Lyu🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸 · Siyi Zhou🇯🇵

    Large excursion of the inflaton field can trigger interesting dynamics. One important example is a first-order phase transition in a spectator sector which couples to the inflaton. Gravitational waves (GWs) from such a first-order phase transition during inflation, an example of an instantaneous source, have an oscillatory feature. In this work, we show that this feature is generic for a source in an era of accelerated expansion. We also demonstrate that the shape of the GW signal contains information about the evolution of the early universe following the phase transition. In particular, the slope of the infrared part of the GW spectrum is sensitive to the evolution of the Hubble parameter when the GW modes reenter the horizon after inflation. The slope of the profile of the intermediate oscillatory part and the ultraviolet part of the GW spectrum depend on the evolution of the Hubble parameter when the modes exit horizon during the inflation and when they reenter the horizon during the reheating. The ultraviolet spectrum also depends on the details of the dynamics of the phase transition. We consider the GW signal in several models of evolution during and after inflation, and compare them with the minimal scenario of quasi-de Sitter inflation followed by radiation domination after a fast reheating, and demonstrate that the shape of the GW can be used to distinguish them. In this way, the GW signal considered in this paper offers a powerful probe to the dynamics of the early universe which is otherwise difficult to explore directly through CMB, large scale structure, big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), and other well-studied cosmological observables.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJHEP(2022)·35 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.