Tue·Oct 5, 2021Tuesday·October 5, 2021

1. 01*

   Fragmentation fraction $f_{{\Omega }_b}$ and the ${\Omega }_b\to \Omega J/\psi$ decay in the light-front formalism

   Yu-Kuo Hsiao🇨🇳 · Chong-Chung Lih🇹🇼

   One has measured $f_{{\Omega }_b}\mathcal{B}({\Omega }_b^{-}\to {\Omega }^{-}J/\Psi )$ at the level of $10^{-6}$, where the fragmentation faction $f_{{\Omega }_b}$ is to evaluate the $b$-quark to ${\Omega }_b^{-}$ production rate. Using the ${\Omega }_b\to \Omega$ transition form factors calculated in the light-front quark model, we predict $\mathcal{B}({\Omega }_b^{-}\to {\Omega }^{-}J/\Psi )=(5.3_{-2.1-2.7}^{+3.3+3.8})\times 10^{-4}$. In particular, we extract $f_{{\Omega }_b}=(0.54_{-0.22-0.28-0.15}^{+0.34+0.39+0.21})\times 10^{-2}$, demonstrating that the $b$ to ${\Omega }_b$ productions are much more difficult than the $b$ to ${\Lambda }_b({\Xi }_b)$ ones. Since $f_{{\Omega }_b}$ has not been determined experimentally, $f_{{\Omega }_b}$ added to theoretical branching fractions can be compared to future measurements of the ${\Omega }_b$ decays.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·13 citations
2. 02*

   Flavor changing neutral couplings for leptons

   E. A. Paschos🇩🇪

   The article reviews the conditions for lepton-flavor conservation in leptonic interactions. The conditions are similar to those developed in the quark sector. For neutrinos the mass eigenstates are unitary superpositions of flavor states which together with small mass differences produce neutrino oscillations. A new property for neutrinos is the fact that their masses are very small suppressing their couplings to neutral scalar fields. The results are demonstrated in several models.

   hep-phEur.Phys.J.ST(2021)·1 citation
3. 03*

   Neutrino Oscillations through the Earth's Core

   Peter B. Denton🇺🇸 · Rebekah Pestes🇺🇸

   Neutrinos have two properties that make them fairly unique from other known particles: extremely low cross sections and flavor changing oscillations. With a good knowledge of the oscillation parameters soon in hand, it will become possible to detect low-energy atmospheric neutrinos sensitive to the forward elastic scattering off electrons in the Earth's core providing a measurement of the core properties and the matter effect itself. As the dynamics of the Earth's core are complicated and in a difficult to probe environment, additional information from upcoming neutrino experiments will provide feedback into our knowledge of geophysics as well as useful information about exoplanet formation and various new physics scenarios including dark matter. In addition, we can probe the existence of the matter effect in the Earth and constrain the non-standard neutrino interaction parameter ${ϵ}_{ee}^{\oplus }$. We show how DUNE's sensitivity to low-energy atmospheric neutrino oscillations can provide a novel constraint on the density and radius of the Earth's core at the 9\% level and the Earth's matter effect at the 5\% level. Finally, we illuminate the physics behind low-energy atmospheric neutrino resonances in the Earth.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2021)·35 citations
4. 04*

   The effects of magnetic fields on magnetic dipole moments

   Gyurin Kim🇰🇷 · Tuna Demircik🇰🇷 · Deog Ki Hong🇰🇷 · Matti Järvinen🇰🇷

   We calculate the effect of magnetic fields on the magnetic dipole moment of leptons up to the quadratic order in the magnetic field, including the QCD contributions. Since the leading contribution, which is linear in the magnetic field, depends on the spin, its effect is not measurable directly in the Penning trap experiment for the electron dipole moment. In the muon anomaly, however, we find that the electrons decayed from muons are refracted linearly in the magnetic field. This effect, though quite small, changes the distribution of the detected electrons in the muon $g-2$ experiment and could be measurable, improving the experimental uncertainties. We also discuss the general field-dependent form factors and the Ward-Takahashi identity under the external magnetic fields.

   hep-phhep-ex1 citation
5. 05*

   Moderately Suppressed Dimension-five Proton Decay in a Flipped $SU(5)$ Model

   Naoyuki Haba🇯🇵 · Toshifumi Yamada🇯🇵

   We study colored Higgsino-mediated proton decay (dimension-five proton decay) in a model based on the flipped $SU(5)$ GUT. In the model, the GUT-breaking $10$, $\overline{10}$ fields have a GUT-scale mass term and gain VEVs through higher-dimensional operators, which induces an effective mass term between the color triplets in the $5$, $\bar{5}$ Higgs fields that is not much smaller than the GUT scale. This model structure gives rise to observable dimension-five proton decay, and at the same time achieves moderate suppression on dimension-five proton decay that softens the tension with the current bound on $\Gamma (p\to K^{+}\nu )$. We investigate the flavor dependence of the Wilson coefficients of the operators relevant to dimension-five proton decay, by relating them with diagonalized Yukawa couplings and CKM matrix components in MSSM, utilizing the fact that the GUT Yukawa couplings are in one-to-one correspondence with the MSSM Yukawa couplings in flipped models. Then we numerically evaluate the Wilson coefficients, and predict the distributions of the ratios of the partial widths of various proton decay modes.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Charged-current non-standard neutrino interactions at the LHC and HL-LHC

   Chong-Xing Yue🇨🇳 · Xue-Jia Cheng🇨🇳 · Ji-Chong Yang🇨🇳

   A series of new physics scenarios predict the existence of the extra charged gauge boson $W^{\prime }$, which can induce charged-current (CC) non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs). The theoretical constraints on the simplified $W^{\prime }$ model and further on the CC NSI parameters ${\widetilde{ϵ}}_{\alpha \beta }^{q{q}^{\prime }Y}$ from partial wave unitarity and $W^{\prime }$ decays are considered. The sensitivity of the process $pp\to W^{\prime }\to \ell \nu$ to the $W^{\prime }$ model at the LHC and high-luminosity~(HL) LHC experiments is investigated by estimating the expected constraints on ${\widetilde{ϵ}}_{\alpha \beta }^{q{q}^{\prime }Y}$ ($\alpha =\beta =e$ or $\mu$) using a Monte-Carlo~(MC) simulation. We find that the interference effect plays an important role, and the LHC can strongly constrain ${\widetilde{ϵ}}_{\alpha \beta }^{q{q}^{\prime }L}$. Compared with those at the $13\mathrm{TeV}$ LHC with $\mathcal{L}=139{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$, the expected constraints at the $14\mathrm{TeV}$ LHC with $\mathcal{L}=3{\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$ can be strengthened to approximately one order of magnitude.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·8 citations
7. 07*

   Perturbative QCD analysis of neutral $B$-meson decays into $\sigma \sigma ,\sigma f_0$ and $f_0{f}_0$

   Hua-Dian Niu🇨🇳 · Guo-Dong Li🇨🇳 · Jia-Le Ren🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳

   The decays of $B_{d,s}^0\to \sigma \sigma ,\sigma f_0,f_0{f}_0$, with $\sigma$ and $f_0$ denoting the light scalar mesons $f_0(500)$ and $f_0(980)$ in the two-quark picture, are studied in the perturbative QCD approach based on $k_T$ factorization. With the referenced value of the mixing angle $|\phi |\sim 25^{\circ }$ for the $\sigma -f_0$ mixing in the quark-flavor basis, it is of great interest to obtain that: (a) these neutral $B$-meson decays into $\sigma \sigma ,\sigma f_0$, and $f_0{f}_0$ have large branching ratios in the order of $10^{-6}\sim 10^{-4}$, which mean the possibly constructive interferences existed in the decays with different flavor states, and then are expected to be tested at the Large Hadron Collider beauty and/or Belle-II experiments in the (near) future; (b) the large direct CP violations could be easily found in the $B_d^0\to \sigma \sigma ,f_0{f}_0$ and $B_{d,s}^0\to \sigma f_0$ decays, which indicate the considerable interferences between the tree and the penguin decay amplitudes involved in these four modes, and would be confronted with the future measurements; (c) these neutral $B$-meson decays could be examined through the secondary decay chain $\sigma /f_0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, namely, the four-body decays of $B_{d,s}^0\to ({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{)}_{\sigma (f_0)}({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{)}_{\sigma (f_0)}$. On the other side, it seems that other 4 four-body decays of $B_d^0\to ({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{)}_{\sigma }(K^{+}{K}^{-}{)}_{f_0}$, $B_s^0\to ({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{)}_{\sigma (f_0)}(K^{+}{K}^{-}{)}_{f_0}$, and $B_s^0\to (K^{+}{K}^{-}{)}_{f_0}(K^{+}{K}^{-}{)}_{f_0}$ could also be detected at the relevant experiments, if the $f_0\to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ could be identified from the $\varphi \to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ clearly.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·6 citations
8. 08*

   Gauge origin of double dark parity and implication for dark matter

   Duong Van Loi🇻🇳 · Phung Van Dong🇻🇳

   Dark matter must be stabilized over the cosmological timescale, which demands the existence of a stabilizing symmetry, derived by a dark charge, $D$. The existence of this dark charge may affect the quantization of electric charge, which theoretically shifts the electric charge, thus the hypercharge to a novel gauge extension, $SU(3{)}_C\otimes SU(2{)}_L\otimes U(1{)}_Y\otimes U(1{)}_N$, where $N$ determines $D=T_3+N$, similar to $Q=T_3+Y$. New observation of this work is that the dark charge is broken down to two kinds of dark parity, $Z_2$ and $Z_2^{\prime }$, which subsequently imply three scenarios of dark matter. The relic density and direct detection for the scenario of two-component dark matter are investigated in detail.

   hep-phhep-thCommun.in Phys.(2022)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Exposing the effect of $p$-wave in pion triplet under the strong magnetic field

   Zanbin Xing🇨🇳 · Jingyi Chao🇨🇳 · Lei Chang🇨🇳 · Yu-xin Liu🇨🇳

   The static properties, masses and decay constants, of pseudoscalar meson triplet in a strongly magnetized medium are studied through the Dyson-Schwinger equation approach treatment of a contact interaction. Complementary to the usual vector-vector form, a symmetry-preserving formulation of couplings has been proposed in this work, without modifying the quark propagator, to control the strength of the $p$-wave component of Bethe-Salpeter amplitude. It is found that, with the help of flexible auxiliary interaction, our simple model is able to reproduce the observation in the lattice QCD simulation, where the spectra of the charged pseudo-scalar meson shows a non-monotonic behavior as the magnetic field grows. The discovery of this work implies the strong magnetic field affects the inner structure of mesons dramatically.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2022)·10 citations
10. 10*

    Leptophilic U(1) Massive Vector Bosons from Large Extra Dimensions: Reexamination of Constraints from LEP Data

    Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Xing Huang🇨🇳 · Dieter Lüst🇩🇪 · François Rondeau🇫🇷 · Tomasz R. Taylor🇺🇸

    Very recently, we proposed an explanation of the discrepancy between the measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and the Standard Model (SM) prediction in which the dominant contribution to $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ originates in Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations (of the lepton gauge boson) which do not mix with quarks (to lowest order) and therefore can be quite light avoiding LHC constraints. In this addendum we reexamine the bounds on 4-fermion contact interactions from precise electroweak measurements and show that the constraints on KK masses and couplings are more severe than earlier thought. However, we demonstrate that our explanation remains plausible if a few KK modes are lighter than LEP energy, because if this were the case the contribution to the 4-fermion scattering from the internal propagator would be dominated by the energy and not by the mass. To accommodate the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ discrepancy we assume that the lepton number $L$ does not partake in the hypercharge and propagates in one extra dimension (transverse to the SM branes): for a mass of the lowest KK excitation of 60 GeV (lower than the LEP energy), the string scale is roughly 10 TeV while the $L$ gauge coupling is of order $\sim 10^{-1}$.

    hep-phhep-thPLB(2022)·8 citations
11. 11*

    Heavy singly charged Higgs bosons and inverse seesaw neutrinos as origins of large $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ in two higgs doublet models

    L. T. Hue🇻🇳 · A. E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · H. N. Long🇻🇳 · T. T.Hong🇻🇳

    We show that simple extensions of two Higgs doublet models consisting of new heavy neutrinos and a singly charged Higgs boson singlet can successfully explain the experimental data on muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments thanks to large chirally-enhanced one-loop level contributions. These contributions arise from the large couplings of inverse seesaw neutrinos with singly charged Higgs bosons and right-handed charged leptons. The regions of parameter space satisfying the experimental data on $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ anomalies allow heavy singly charged Higgs boson masses above the TeV scale, provided that heavy neutrino masses are above few hundred GeV, the non-unitary part of the active neutrino mixing matrix must be large enough, two singly charged Higgs bosons are non degenerate, and the mixing between singly charged Higgs bosons must be non-zero.

    hep-phNPB(2022)·15 citations
12. 12*

    Chiral corrections to the masses of the doubly heavy baryons

    Hao-Ze Tong🇨🇳 · Hao-Song Li🇨🇳

    We study the masses of the doubly bottom baryons and the charmed bottom baryons up to $\mathcal{O}\left(p^3\right)$ in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. For the low-energy constants, $g_A$ was determined in the quark model, and we fit to the lattice QCD data to determine $m_0$, $c_1$, and $c_7$. We show the numerical results up to $\mathcal{O}\left(p^3\right)$, and our results are compared with other theoretical results.

    hep-phCommun.Theor.Phys.(2022)·8 citations
13. 13*

    Two-photon physics at future electron-positron colliders

    I.R.Boyko🇷🇺 · V.V.Bytev🇷🇺 · A.S.Zhemchugov🇷🇺

    Two photon collisions offer a variety of physics studies that can be performed at the future electron-positron colliders. Using the planned CEPC parameters as a benchmark we consider several topics to be studied in the two-photon collisions. With the full integrated luminosity the Higgs boson photoproduction can be reliably observed. A large statistics of various quarkonium states can be collected. The LEP results on the photon structure function and the tau lepton anomalous magnetic moment can be improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude.

    hep-phhep-exCPC(2023)·4 citations
14. 14*

    Thermalization of non-abelian gauge theories at next-to-leading order

    Yu Fu🇨🇳 · Jacopo Ghiglieri🇫🇷 · Shahin Iqbal🇵🇰 · Aleksi Kurkela🇳🇴

    We provide the first next-to-leading-order (NLO) weak-coupling description of the thermalization process of far-from-equilibrium systems in non-abelian gauge theory. We study isotropic systems starting from either over- or under-occupied initial conditions and follow their time evolution towards thermal equilibrium by numerically solving the QCD effective kinetic theory at NLO accuracy. We find that the NLO corrections remain well under control for a wide range of couplings and that the overall effect of NLO corrections is to reduce the time needed to reach thermal equilibrium in the systems considered.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·25 citations
15. 15*

    New constraints on dark matter from superconducting nanowires

    Yonit Hochberg🇮🇱 · Benjamin V. Lehmann🇺🇸 · Ilya Charaev🇺🇸 · Jeff Chiles🇺🇸 · Marco Colangelo🇺🇸 · Sae Woo Nam🇺🇸 · Karl K. Berggren🇺🇸

    Superconducting nanowires, a mature technology originally developed for quantum sensing, can be used as a target and sensor with which to search for dark matter interactions with electrons. Here we report on a 180-hour measurement of a tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire device with a mass of 4.3 nanograms. We use this to place new constraints on dark matter--electron interactions, including the strongest terrestrial constraints to date on sub-MeV (sub-eV) dark matter that interacts with electrons via scattering (absorption) processes.

    hep-phcond-mat.supr-conhep-exquant-phPRD(2022)·69 citations
16. 16*

    DM-electron scattering in materials: sum rules and heterostructures

    Robert Lasenby🇺🇸 · Anirudh Prabhu🇺🇸

    In recent years, a growing experimental program has begun to search for sub-GeV dark matter through its scattering with electrons. An associated theoretical challenge is to compute the dark matter scattering rate in experimental targets, and to find materials with large scattering rates. In this paper we point out that, if dark matter scatters through a mediator that couples to EM charge, then electromagnetic sum rules place limits on the achievable scattering rates. These limits serve as a useful sanity check for calculations, as well as setting a theoretical target for proposed detection methods. Motivated by this analysis, we explore how conductor-dielectric heterostructures can result in enhanced scattering rates compared to bulk conductors, for dark matter masses $\lesssim$ MeV. These effects could be especially important in computing the scattering rates from thin-film targets, e.g. superconducting detectors such as SNSPDs, TESs or MKIDs, for which the scattering rate could be enhanced by orders of magnitude at low enough dark matter masses, as well as introducing or enhancing directional dependence.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·25 citations
17. 17*

    Soft QCD Effects in VBS/VBF Topologies

    Carsten Bittrich🇩🇪 · Patrick Kirchgaeßer🇸🇪 · Andreas Papaefstathiou🇺🇸 · Simon Plätzer🇦🇹 · Stefanie Todt🇩🇪

    We consider the impact of multi-parton interactions, colour reconnection and hadronization on the modeling of vector boson fusion and vector boson scattering (VBS) final states at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We investigate how the variation of the model parameters, compatible with a reasonable spread of predictions around typical tuning observables, extrapolates into the VBS phase space. We study the implications of this variation on the total uncertainty budget attached to realistic simulation of the final states in current event generator predictions. We find that the variations have a non-trivial phase space dependence and become comparable in size to the perturbative uncertainties once next-to-leading order predictions are combined with parton shower evolution.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2022)·8 citations
18. 18*

    Positivity bounds in the Standard Model effective field theory beyond tree level

    Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Jose Santiago🇪🇸

    Focusing on four-Higgs interactions, we analyse the robustness of tree-level-derived positivity bounds on Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) operators under quantum corrections. Among other results, we demonstrate that: (i) Even in the simplest extensions of the Standard Model, e.g. with one new scalar singlet or with a neutral triplet, some positivity bounds are strictly violated; (ii) the mixing of the dimension-eight operators under renormalisation, which we compute here for the first time, can drive them out of their positivity region; (iii) the running of the dimension-eight interactions triggered by solely dimension-six terms respects the positivity bounds. Our results suggest, on one hand, that departures from positivity within the SMEFT, if ever found in the data, do not necessarily imply the breaking of unitarity or causality, nor the presence of new light degrees of freedom. On the other hand, they lead to strong constraints on the form of certain anomalous dimensions.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·70 citations
19. 19*

    The paradigm of warm quintessential inflation and spontaneous baryogenesis

    Soumen Basak🇮🇳 · Sukannya Bhattacharya🇮🇳 · Mayukh R. Gangopadhyay🇮🇳 · Nur Jaman🇮🇳 · Raghavan Rangarajan🇮🇳 · M. Sami🇮🇳

    In this paper, we consider a scenario of spontaneous baryogenesis in a framework of warm quintessential inflation where the residual inflaton field, left out after warm inflation, plays the role of quintessence field at late times and is coupled to a non-conserved baryonic current. Assuming a four fermion $(B-L)$ violating effective interaction, we have demonstrated that the required baryon asymmetry can be produced successfully in this case. We show that the post-inflationary evolution, with the underlying scalar field potential, $V(\varphi )=V_0^4\exp (-\alpha {\varphi }^n/M_{\mathrm{Pl}}^4)$, $n>1$ well suited to warm inflation, exhibits scaling behaviour soon after a brief kinetic regime. We show that the coupling of the scalar field to massive neutrino matter can give rise to exit from the scaling regime to cosmic acceleration at late times as massive neutrinos turn non-relativistic. The proposed model is shown to successfully describe the cosmic history from inflation to late-time acceleration, with the evolution independent of initial conditions, along with the generation of baryon asymmetry during the post-inflationary era. A brief analysis of relic gravity waves produced in the scenario is presented.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2022)·20 citations
20. 20*

    Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches

    Philipp Berghofer🇦🇹 · Jordan François🇧🇪 · Simon Friederich🇳🇱 · Henrique Gomes🇬🇧 · Guy Hetzroni🇬🇧 · Axel Maas🇦🇹 · René Sondenheimer🇦🇹

    Gauge symmetries play a central role, both in the mathematical foundations as well as the conceptual construction of modern (particle) physics theories. However, it is yet unclear whether they form a necessary component of theories, or whether they can be eliminated. It is also unclear whether they are merely an auxiliary tool to simplify (and possibly localize) calculations or whether they contain independent information. Therefore their status, both in physics and philosophy of physics, remains to be fully clarified. In this overview we review the current state of affairs on both the philosophy and the physics side. In particular, we focus on the circumstances in which the restriction of gauge theories to gauge invariant information on an observable level is warranted, using the Brout-Englert-Higgs theory as an example of particular current importance. Finally, we determine a set of yet to be answered questions to clarify the status of gauge symmetries.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-lathep-phhep-thElements in the Foundations of Contempora…·14 citations
21. 21*

    Curved space and particle physics effects on the formation of Bose-Einstein condensation around a Reissner-Nordström black hole

    Recai Erdem · Betül Demirkaya · Kemal Gültekin

    We consider two scalar fields interacting through a ${\chi }^{\ast }\chi {\varphi }^{\ast }\varphi$ term in the presence of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. Initially, only $\chi$ particles are present. We find that the produced $\varphi$ particles are localized in a region around the black hole and have a tendency towards condensation provided that $\varphi$ particles are much heavier than the $\chi$ particles. We also find that such a configuration is phenomenologically viable only if the scalars and the black hole have dark electric charges.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2021)·2 citations
22. 22*

    Punzi-loss: A non-differentiable metric approximation for sensitivity optimisation in the search for new particles

    P. Feichtinger🇩🇪 · H. Haigh🇩🇪 · G. Inguglia🇦🇹 · J. Kahn🇩🇪 · F. Abudinén🇮🇹 · M. Bertemes🇩🇪 · S. Bilokin🇩🇪 · M. Campajola🇮🇹 · G. Casarosa🇮🇹 · S. Cunliffe🇩🇪 · L. Corona🇮🇹 · M. De Nuccio🇩🇪 and 34 other authors

    We present the novel implementation of a non-differentiable metric approximation and a corresponding loss-scheduling aimed at the search for new particles of unknown mass in high energy physics experiments. We call the loss-scheduling, based on the minimisation of a figure-of-merit related function typical of particle physics, a Punzi-loss function, and the neural network that utilises this loss function a Punzi-net. We show that the Punzi-net outperforms standard multivariate analysis techniques and generalises well to mass hypotheses for which it was not trained. This is achieved by training a single classifier that provides a coherent and optimal classification of all signal hypotheses over the whole search space. Our result constitutes a complementary approach to fully differentiable analyses in particle physics. We implemented this work using PyTorch and provide users full access to a public repository containing all the codes and a training example.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2022)·24 citations
23. 23*

    Improved experimental layout for dipole moment measurements at the LHC

    V. M. Biryukov🇷🇺 · J. Ruiz Vidal🇪🇸

    The electric and magnetic dipole moment of charm and bottom baryons can be measured for the first time by using bent crystal technology at the LHC. The experimental method, proposed in recent years, suffers from limited statistics, which dominates the uncertainty of the measurement. In this work, we present an alternative experimental layout, based on the use of crystal lenses, that improves the trapping efficiency by about a factor 15 (35) for a 2-cm (5-mm) target with respect to the nominal layout, with plain crystal faces. The efficiencies are evaluated taking into account the constraints from the LHC machine, and the technical challenges to realize this novel experimental method are discussed.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2022)·5 citations
24. 24*

    Influence of the hypermagnetic field noise on the baryon asymmetry generation in the symmetric phase of the early universe

    Maxim Dvornikov🇷🇺 · Victor B. Semikoz (IZMIRAN)🇷🇺

    We study a matter turbulence caused by strong random hypermagnetic fields (HMFs ) that influence the baryon asymmetry evolution due to the Abelian anomalies in the symmetric phase in the early Universe. Such a matter turbulence is stipulated by the presence of the advection term in the induction equation for which a fluid velocity is dominated by the Lorentz force in the Navier-Stokes equation. For random HMFs, having nonzero mean squared strengths, we calculate the spectra for the HMF energy and the HMF helicity densities. The latter function governs the evolution of the fermion asymmetries in the symmetric phase before the electroweak phase transition (EWPT). In the simplest model based on the first SM generation for the lepton asymmetries of $e_{\mathrm{R},\mathrm{L}}$ and ${\nu }_{e_{\mathrm{L}}}$, we calculate a decline of all fermion asymmetries including the baryon asymmetry, given by the `t Hooft conservation law, when one accounts for a turbulence of HMFs during the universe cooling down to EWPT. We obtain that the stronger the mean squared strength of random initial HMFs is, the deeper the fermion asymmetries decrease, compared to the case in the absence of any turbulence.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phEPJC(2021)·5 citations
25. 25*

    $K$- and $D_{(s)}$-meson leptonic decay constants with physical light, strange and charm quarks by ETMC

    P. Dimopoulos🇮🇹 · R. Frezzotti🇮🇹 · M. Garofalo🇩🇪 · S. Simula🇮🇹

    We present a lattice QCD computation and preliminary results for the leptonic decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons $K$, $D$ and $D_s$ in the isosymmetric QCD limit. The computation is based on simulations of $N_f=2+1+1$ dynamical quarks performed by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC), where the light, strange and charm quark masses are all tuned at their physical values. We also present preliminary unitarity checks for the first and second rows of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2021)·6 citations
26. 26*

    Investigating the low moments of the nucleon structure functions in lattice QCD

    K. U. Can🇦🇺 · A. Hannaford-Gunn🇦🇺 · E. Sankey🇦🇺 · R. Horsley🇬🇧 · Y. Nakamura🇯🇵 · H. Perlt🇩🇪 · P. E. L. Rakow🇬🇧 · G. Schierholz🇩🇪 · H. Stuben🇩🇪 · R. D. Young🇦🇺 · J. M. Zanotti🇦🇺

    We highlight QCDSF/UKQCD Collaboration's recent developments on computing the Compton amplitude directly via an implementation of the second order Feynman-Hellmann theorem. As an application, we compute the nucleon Compton tensor across a range of photon virtuality at an unphysical quark mass. This enables us to study the $Q^2$ dependence of the low moments of the nucleon structure functions in a lattice calculation for the first time. We present some selected results for the moments of the $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_L$ structure functions and discuss their implications.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPoS(2022)·3 citations
27. 27*

    Reheating after inflation by supersymmetry breaking

    Yermek Aldabergenov🇹🇭 · Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Auttakit Chatrabhuti🇹🇭 · Hiroshi Isono🇹🇭

    We study reheating after the end of inflation in models where the inflaton is the superpartner of goldstino and is charged under a gauged $U(1)$ R-symmetry. We consider two classes of models -- one is small field characterized by an almost flat Kähler space, and the other large field characterized by a hyperbolic Kähler space $SU(1,1)/U(1)$, while in both cases the inflaton superpotential is linear due to the R-symmetry. The inflationary observables of our models fit within 2$\sigma$ CMB values. Upon coupling the inflaton sector to the (supersymmetric) Standard Model, we compute the MSSM parameters, mass spectrum, and decay modes of the inflaton, with the resulting reheating temperature around $10^8$ GeV. We also find that both models can accommodate superheavy LSP dark matter, depending on the parameter choice.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJC(2021)·11 citations
28. 28*

    Non-Gaussianity and Secondary Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes Production in $\alpha$-attractor Inflation

    Kazem Rezazadeh🇮🇷 · Zeinab Teimoori🇮🇷 · Saeid Karimi🇮🇷 · Kayoomars Karami🇮🇷

    We study the non-Gaussianity and secondary Gravitational Waves (GWs) in the process of the Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) production from inflation. In our work, we focus on the $\alpha$-attractor inflation model in which a tiny bump in the inflaton potential enhances the amplitude of the curvature perturbations at some scales and consequently leads to the PBHs production with different mass scales. We implement the computational code BINGO which calculates the non-Gaussianity parameter in different triangle configurations. Our examination implies that in this setup, the non-Gaussianity gets amplified significantly in the equilateral shape around the scales in which the power spectrum of the scalar perturbations undergoes a sharp declination. The imprints of these non-Gaussianities can be probed in the scales corresponding to the BBN and $\mu$-distortion events, or in smaller scales, and detection of such signatures in the future observations may confirm the idea of our model for the generation of PBHs or rule it out. Moreover, we investigate the secondary GWs in this framework and show that in our model, the peak of the present fractional energy density is obtained as ${\Omega }_{GW0}\sim 10^{-8}$ at different frequencies which depends on the model parameters. These results lie well within the sensitivity region of some GWs detectors at some frequencies, and therefore the observational compatibility of our model can be evaluated by the forthcoming data from these detectors. We further provide some estimations for the tilts of the induced GWs spectrum in the different intervals of frequency, and demonstrate that the spectrum obeys the power-law relation ${\Omega }_{GW0}\sim f^n$ in those frequency bands.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thEPJC(2022)·49 citations
29. 29*

    Kiloton-scale xenon detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay and other new physics searches

    A. Avasthi🇺🇸 · T.W. Bowyer🇺🇸 · C. Bray🇺🇸 · T. Brunner🇨🇦 · N. Catarineu🇺🇸 · E. Church🇺🇸 · R. Guenette🇺🇸 · S.J. Haselschwardt🇺🇸 · J.C. Hayes🇺🇸 · M. Heffner🇺🇸 · S.A. Hertel🇺🇸 · P.H. Humble🇺🇸 and 22 other authors

    Large detectors employing xenon are a leading technology in existing and planned searches for new physics, including searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) and dark matter. While upcoming detectors will employ target masses of a ton or more, further extending gas or liquid phase Xe detectors to the kton scale would enable extremely sensitive next-generation searches for rare phenomena. The key challenge to extending this technology to detectors well beyond the ton scale is the acquisition of the Xe itself. We describe the motivation for extending Xe time projection chambers (TPCs) to the kton scale and possible avenues for Xe acquisition that avoid existing supply chains. If acquisition of Xe in the required quantities is successful, kton-scale detectors of this type could enable a new generation of experiments, including searches for $0\nu \beta \beta$ at half-life sensitivities as long as $10^{30}$ yr.

    ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-phnucl-exPRD(2021)·31 citations
30. 30*

    DREENA-A framework as a QGP tomography tool

    Dusan Zigic🇷🇸 · Igor Salom🇷🇸 · Jussi Auvinen🇷🇸 · Pasi Huovinen🇷🇸 · Magdalena Djordjevic🇷🇸

    We present a fully optimised framework DREENA-A based on a state-of-the-art energy loss model. The framework can include any, in principle arbitrary, temperature profile within the dynamical energy loss formalism. Thus, 'DREENA' stands for Dynamical Radiative and Elastic ENergy loss Approach, while 'A' stands for Adaptive. DREENA-A does not use fitting parameters within the energy loss model, allowing it to fully exploit differences in temperature profiles which are the only input in the framework. The framework applies to light and heavy flavor observables, different collision energies, and large and smaller systems. This, together with the ability to systematically compare data and predictions within the same formalism and parameter set, makes DREENA-A a unique multipurpose QGP tomography tool.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phFront.in Phys.(2022)·43 citations
31. 31*

    Universe as Klein-Gordon Eigenstates

    Marco Matone🇮🇹

    We formulate Friedmann's equations as second-order linear differential equations. This is done using techniques related to the Schwarzian derivative that selects the $\beta$-times $t_{\beta }:={\int }^t{a}^{-2\beta }$, where $a$ is the scale factor. In particular, it turns out that Friedmann's equations are equivalent to the eigenvalue problems $$O_{1/2}\Psi =\frac{\Lambda }{12}\Psi ,O_{1}a=\frac{\Lambda }{3}a,$$ which is suggestive of a measurement problem. $O_{\beta }(\rho ,p)$ are space-independent Klein-Gordon operators, depending only on energy density and pressure, and related to the Klein-Gordon Hamilton-Jacobi equations. The $O_{\beta }$'s are also independent of the spatial curvature, labeled by $k$, and absorbed in $$\Psi =\sqrt{a}{e}^{\frac{i}{2}\sqrt{k}\eta }.$$ The above pair of equations is the unique possible linear form of Friedmann's equations unless $k=0$, in which case there are infinitely many pairs of linear equations. Such a uniqueness just selects the conformal time $\eta \equiv t_{1/2}$ among the $t_{\beta }$'s, which is the key to absorb the curvature term. An immediate consequence of the linear form is that it reveals a new symmetry of Friedmann's equations in flat space.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1EPJC(2021)·6 citations
32. 32*

    Positivity of the Veneziano Amplitude in $D=4$

    Pronobesh Maity🇮🇳

    The Veneziano amplitude was put forward as a solution to the axioms of the S-matrix bootstrap. However, unitarity, reflected in the positivity of the coefficients in the Gegenbauer expansion of the amplitude is not obvious. In this note we compute the generating function of these coefficients in terms of the Appell hypergeometric function. We use this to read off an exact form of this coefficient on the leading Regge trajectory in $D=4$. We find that it decays with the spin but always remains positive. Since for large spin these coefficients are expected to be smaller than those on the subleading trajectories, our result indicates the positivity of the full Veneziano amplitude in $D=4$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2022)·20 citations
33. 33*

    New Constraints on Dark Photon Dark Matter with Superconducting Nanowire Detectors in an Optical Haloscope

    Jeff Chiles🇺🇸 · Ilya Charaev🇺🇸 · Robert Lasenby🇺🇸 · Masha Baryakhtar🇺🇸 · Junwu Huang🇨🇦 · Alexana Roshko🇺🇸 · George Burton🇺🇸 · Marco Colangelo🇺🇸 · Ken Van Tilburg🇺🇸 · Asimina Arvanitaki🇨🇦 · Sae Woo Nam🇺🇸 · Karl K. Berggren🇺🇸

    Uncovering the nature of dark matter is one of the most important goals of particle physics. Light bosonic particles, such as the dark photon, are well-motivated candidates: they are generally long-lived, weakly-interacting, and naturally produced in the early universe. In this work, we report on LAMPOST (Light $A^{\prime }$ Multilayer Periodic Optical SNSPD Target), a proof-of-concept experiment searching for dark photon dark matter in the eV mass range, via coherent absorption in a multi-layer dielectric haloscope. Using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), we achieve efficient photon detection with a dark count rate (DCR) of $\sim 6\times 10^{-6}$ counts/s. We find no evidence for dark photon dark matter in the mass range of $\sim 0.7$-$0.8$ eV with kinetic mixing $ϵ\gtrsim 10^{-12}$, improving existing limits in $ϵ$ by up to a factor of two. With future improvements to SNSPDs, our architecture could probe significant new parameter space for dark photon and axion dark matter in the meV to 10 eV mass range.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-phphysics.ins-detPRL(2022)·150 citations
34. 34*

    Inferring dark matter substructure with astrometric lensing beyond the power spectrum

    Siddharth Mishra-Sharma🇺🇸

    Astrometry -- the precise measurement of positions and motions of celestial objects -- has emerged as a promising avenue for characterizing the dark matter population in our Galaxy. By leveraging recent advances in simulation-based inference and neural network architectures, we introduce a novel method to search for global dark matter-induced gravitational lensing signatures in astrometric datasets. Our method based on neural likelihood-ratio estimation shows significantly enhanced sensitivity to a cold dark matter population and more favorable scaling with measurement noise compared to existing approaches based on two-point correlation statistics. We demonstrate the real-world viability of our method by showing it to be robust to non-trivial modeled as well as unmodeled noise features expected in astrometric measurements. This establishes machine learning as a powerful tool for characterizing dark matter using astrometric data.

    ↳ astro-ph.COcs.LGhep-phMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2022)·11 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.