Mon·Aug 9, 2021Monday·August 9, 2021

1. 01*

   Threshold Upsilon-meson Photoproduction at EIC and EicC

   Igor I. Strakovsky (GW)🇺🇸 · William J. Briscoe (GW)🇺🇸 · Lubomir Pentchev (JLab)🇺🇸 · Axel Schmidt (GW)🇺🇸

   High-accuracy ${\rm Y}$-meson photoproduction data from EIC and EicC experiments will allow the measurement of the near-threshold total cross section of the reaction $\gamma p\to {\rm Y}p$, from which the absolute value of the ${\rm Y}p$ scattering length, $|{\alpha }_{{\rm Y}p}|$, can be extracted using a Vector-Meson Dominance model. For this evaluation, we used ${\rm Y}$-meson photoproduction quasi-data from the QCD approach (the production amplitude can be factorized in terms of gluonic generalized parton distributions and the quarkonium distribution amplitude). A comparative analysis of $|{\alpha }_{{\rm Y}p}|$ with the recently determined scattering lengths for $\omega p$, $\varphi p$, and $J/\psi p$ using the A2, CLAS, and GlueX experimental data are performed. The role of the "young" vector-meson effect is evaluated.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2021)·28 citations
2. 02*

   Study of the $D_s^{+}\to a_0(980)\rho$ and $a_0(980)\omega$ decays

   Yao Yu🇨🇳 · Yu-Kuo Hsiao🇨🇳 · Bai-Cian Ke🇨🇳

   We study $D_s^{+}\to {\rho }^{0(+)}{a}_0^{+(0)}$, $D_s^{+}\to \omega a_0^{+}$, and the resonant $D_s^{+}\to \rho a_0$,$a_0\to \eta \pi (KK)$ decays. In the final state interaction, where $D_s^{+}\to ({\eta }^{(\prime )}{\pi }^{+},K^{+}{\bar{K}}^0)$ are followed by the $({\eta }^{(\prime )}{\pi }^{+},K^{+}{\bar{K}}^0)$ to ${\rho }^{0(+)}{a}_0^{+(0)}$ rescatterings, we predict $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to {\rho }^{0(+)}{a}_0^{+(0)})=(3.0\pm 0.3\pm 1.0)\times 10^{-3}$. Due to the cancellation of the rescattering effects and the suppressed short-distance $W$ annihilation contribution, we expect that $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to \omega a_0^{+})\simeq \mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^0)<3.4\times 10^{-4}$. In our calculation, $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to {\rho }^0(a_0^{+}\to )\eta {\pi }^{+})=(1.6_{-0.3}^{+0.2}\pm 0.6)\times 10^{-3}$ agrees with the data, whereas $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to {\rho }^{+}(a_0^0\to )K^{+}{K}^{-})$ is 10 times smaller than the observation, which requires a careful examination.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2021)·30 citations
3. 03*

   Testing charge-radius coupling of the composite Higgs boson at hadron colliders

   G. Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · S. Gascon-Shotkin🇫🇷 · A.Lesauvage🇫🇷 · N. Manglani🇮🇳 · K. Sridhar🇮🇳

   We explore the collider relevance of a charge-radius coupling among light mesons in composite Higgs models. In particular, we focus of a coupling of the photon to the composite Higgs and a composite singlet, arising from isospin violation in the underlying theory. This coupling offers a deep probe of the composite nature of the Higgs mechanism, being sensitive to the electromagnetic and weak isospin structure of its constituents. The main collider effect consists in the production of the Higgs boson in association with a light composite pseudo-scalar. We present an exploratory cut-and-count analysis at hadron colliders, like the LHC, showing that an efficient background suppression can be achieved. More sophisticated techniques, however, are necessary to select a sufficient number of signal events, due to the small production rates. This justifies further investigation of this channel, which is highly complementary to other searches for compositeness in the Higgs sector.

   hep-phEPJC(2022)·2 citations
4. 04*

   Interpretation of LHC excesses in ditop and ditau channels as a 400-GeV pseudoscalar resonance

   Ernesto Arganda🇪🇸 · Leandro Da Rold🇦🇷 · Daniel A. Díaz🇦🇷 · Anibal D. Medina🇦🇷

   Since the discovery in 2012 of the Higgs boson at the LHC, as the last missing piece of the Standard Model of particle physics, any hint of new physics has been intensively searched for, with no confirmation to date. There are however slight deviations from the SM that are worth investigating. The CMS collaboration has reported, in a search for heavy resonances decaying in $t\bar{t}$ with a 13-TeV center-of-mass energy and a luminosity of 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$, deviations from the SM predictions at the 3.5$\sigma$ level locally (1.9$\sigma$ after the look-elsewhere effect). In addition, in the ditau final state search performed by the ATLAS collaboration at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and $\mathcal{L}=139$ fb${}^{-1}$, deviations from the SM at the 2$\sigma$ level have been also observed. Interestingly, both slight excesses are compatible with a new pseudoscalar boson with a mass around 400 GeV that couples at least to fermions of the third generation and gluons. Starting from a purely phenomenological perspective, we inspect the possibility that a 400-GeV pseudoscalar can account for these deviations and at the same time satisfy the constraints on the rest of the channels that it gives contributions to and that are analyzed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. After obtaining the range of effective couplings compatible with all experimental measurements, we study the gauge invariant UV completions that can give rise to this type of pseudoscalar resonance, which can be accommodated in an $SO(6)/SO(5)$ model with consistency at the 1$\sigma$ level and in a $SO(5)\times U(1{)}_P\times U(1{)}_X/SO(4)\times U(1{)}_X$ at the 2$\sigma$ level, while exceedingly large quartic couplings would be necessary to account for it in a general two Higgs doublet model.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2021)·9 citations
5. 05*

   Possible evidence of QCD axion stars in HSC and OGLE microlensing events

   Sunao Sugiyama🇯🇵 · Masahiro Takada🇯🇵 · Alexander Kusenko🇺🇸

   Dark matter in the form of axions is expected to form miniclusters, and their dense regions can harbor compact axion stars. Such axion stars could be discovered by microlensing events. In particular, some candidate events reported by Subaru HSC and OGLE can be explained simultaneously if the axion stars with masses of the order of the Earth mass make up about $\sim 27_{013}^{+7}$ percent of dark matter. For QCD axions, this corresponds to the axion mass in the range $10^{-9}-10^{-6}$ eV, which is consistent with the experimental constraints, as well as the cosmological anthropic window of parameters.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPLB(2023)·34 citations
6. 06*

   QCD factorization for chiral-odd parton quasi- and pseudo-distributions

   Vladimir M. Braun🇩🇪 · Yao Ji🇩🇪 · Alexey Vladimirov🇩🇪

   We study chiral-odd quark-antiquark correlation functions suitable for lattice calculations of twist-three nucleon parton distribution functions $h_L(x)$ and $e(x)$, and also the twist-two transversity distribution $\delta q(x)$. The corresponding factorized expressions are derived in terms of the twist-two and twist-three collinear distributions to one-loop accuracy. The results are presented both in position space, as the factorization theorem for Ioffe-time distributions, and in momentum space, for quasi- and pseudo-distributions. We demonstrate that the twist-two part of the $h_L$ quasi(pseudo)-distribution can be separated from the twist-three part by virtue of an exact Jaffe-Ji-like relation.

   hep-phJHEP(2021)·22 citations
7. 07*

   Beyond Cuts in Small Signal Scenarios -- Enhanced Sneutrino Detectability Using Machine Learning

   Daniel Alvestad🇳🇴 · Nikolai Fomin🇳🇴 · Jörn Kersten🇳🇴 · Steffen Maeland🇳🇴 · Inga Strümke🇳🇴

   We investigate enhancing the sensitivity of new physics searches at the LHC by machine learning in the case of background dominance and a high degree of overlap between the observables for signal and background. We use two different models, XGBoost and a deep neural network, to exploit correlations between observables and compare this approach to the traditional cut-and-count method. We consider different methods to analyze the models' output, finding that a template fit generally performs better than a simple cut. By means of a Shapley decomposition, we gain additional insight into the relationship between event kinematics and the machine learning model output. We consider a supersymmetric scenario with a metastable sneutrino as a concrete example, but the methodology can be applied to a much wider class of models.

   hep-phstat.MLEPJC(2023)·13 citations
8. 08*

   A sensitivity study of VBS and diboson WW to dimension-6 EFT operators at the LHC

   Riccardo Bellan🇮🇹 · Giacomo Boldrini🇮🇹 · Daniele Brambilla🇮🇹 · Ilaria Brivio🇩🇪 · Riccardo Brusa🇮🇹 · Flavia Cetorelli🇮🇹 · Marco Chiusi🇮🇹 · Roberto Covarelli🇮🇹 · Vittorio Del Tatto🇨🇭 · Pietro Govoni🇮🇹 · Andrea Massironi🇮🇹 · Leonardo Olivi🇮🇹 and 6 other authors

   We present a parton-level study of electro-weak production of vector-boson pairs at the Large Hadron Collider, establishing the sensitivity to a set of dimension-six operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Different final states are statistically combined, and we discuss how the orthogonality and interdependence of different analyses must be considered to obtain the most stringent constraints. The main novelties of our study are the inclusion of SMEFT effects in non-resonant diagrams and in irreducible QCD backgrounds, and an exhaustive template analysis of optimal observables for each operator and process considered. We also assess for the first time the sensitivity of vector-boson-scattering searches in semileptonic final states.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·41 citations
9. 09*

   Searches for light dark matter using condensed matter systems

   Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Tongyan Lin🇺🇸

   Identifying the nature of dark matter (DM) has long been a pressing question for particle physics. In the face of ever-more-powerful exclusions and null results from large-exposure searches for TeV-scale DM interacting with nuclei, a significant amount of attention has shifted to lighter (sub-GeV) DM candidates. Direct detection of the light dark matter in our galaxy by observing DM scattering off a target system requires new approaches compared to prior searches. Lighter DM particles have less available kinetic energy, and achieving a kinematic match between DM and the target mandates the proper treatment of collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as charged quasiparticles or phonons. In this context, the condensed matter physics of the target material is crucial, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach. In this review, we provide a self-contained introduction to direct detection of keV--GeV DM with condensed matter systems. We give a brief survey of dark matter models and basics of condensed matter, while the bulk of the review deals with the theoretical treatment of DM-nucleon and DM-electron interactions. We also review recent experimental developments in detector technology, and conclude with an outlook for the field of sub-GeV DM detection over the next decade.

   hep-phastro-ph.COcond-mat.mtrl-scihep-exRept.Prog.Phys.(2022)·127 citations
10. 10*

    Unitarity Violation and the Geometry of Higgs EFTs

    Timothy Cohen🇺🇸 · Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Xiaochuan Lu🇺🇸 · Dave Sutherland🇮🇹

    We derive the scale of unitarity violation from the geometry of Effective Field Theory (EFT) extensions of the Standard Model Higgs sector. The high-energy behavior of amplitudes with more than four scalar legs depends on derivatives of geometric invariants with respect to the physical Higgs field $h$, such that higher-point amplitudes begin to reconstruct the scalar manifold away from our vacuum. In theories whose low-energy limit can be described by the Higgs EFT (HEFT) but not the Standard Model EFT (SMEFT), non-analyticities in the vicinity of our vacuum limit the radius of convergence of geometric invariants, leading to unitarity violation at energies below $4\pi v$. Our results unify approaches to the HEFT/SMEFT dichotomy based on unitarity, analyticity, and geometry, and more broadly illustrate the sense in which observables probe the geometry of an EFT. Along the way, we provide novel basis-independent results for Goldstone/Higgs boson scattering amplitudes expressed in terms of geometric covariant quantities.

    hep-phJHEP(2021)·79 citations
11. 11*

    Neutrino Backgrounds in Future Liquid Noble Element Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments

    Andrea Gaspert🇨🇦 · Pietro Giampa🇨🇦 · David E. Morrissey🇨🇦

    Experiments that use liquid noble gasses as target materials, such as argon and xenon, play a significant role in direct detection searches for WIMP(-like) dark matter. As these experiments grow in size, they will soon encounter a new background to their dark matter discovery potential from neutrino scattering off nuclei and electrons in their targets. Therefore, a better understanding of this new source of background is crucial for future large-scale experiments such as ARGO and DARWIN. In this work, we study the impact of atmospheric neutrino flux uncertainties, electron recoil rejection efficiency, recoil energy sensitivity, and other related factors on the dark matter discovery reach. We also show that a significant improvement in sensitivity can potentially be obtained, at large exposures, by combining data from independent argon and xenon experiments.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·25 citations
12. 12*

    Theoretical Aspects of Radium-Containing Molecules Amenable to Assembly from Laser-Cooled Atoms for New Physics Searches

    Timo Fleig🇫🇷 · David DeMille🇺🇸

    We explore the possibilities for a next-generation electron-electric-dipole-moment experiment using ultracold heteronuclear diatomic molecules assembled from a combination of radium and another laser-coolable atom. In particular, we calculate their ground state structure and their sensitivity to parity- and time-reversal ($\mathcal{P},\mathcal{T}$) violating physics arising from flavor-diagonal charge-parity ($\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$) violation. Among these species, the largest $\mathcal{P},\mathcal{T}$-violating molecular interaction constants -- associated for example with the electron electric dipole moment -- are obtained for the combination of radium (Ra) and silver (Ag) atoms. A mechanism for explaining this finding is proposed. We go on to discuss the prospects for an electron EDM search using ultracold, assembled, optically trapped RaAg molecules, and argue that this system is particularly promising for rapid future progress in the search for new sources of $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ violation.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-phNew J.Phys.(2021)·30 citations
13. 13*

    First results from a search for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) at a reactor site

    J. Colaresi🇺🇸 · J.I. Collar🇺🇸 · T.W. Hossbach🇺🇸 · A.R.L. Kavner🇺🇸 · C.M. Lewis🇺🇸 · A.E. Robinson🇨🇦 · K.M. Yocum🇺🇸

    The deployment of a low-noise 3 kg p-type point contact germanium detector at the Dresden-II power reactor, 8 meters from its 2.96 GW${}_{th}$ core, is described. This location provides an unprecedented (anti)neutrino flux of 8.1$\times 10^{13}\overline{{\nu }_e}/$cm${}^2$s. When combined with the 0.2 keV${}_{ee}$ detector threshold achieved, a first measurement of CE$\nu$NS from a reactor source appears to be within reach. We report on the characterization and abatement of backgrounds during initial runs, deriving improved limits on extensions of the Standard Model involving a light vector mediator, from preliminary data.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exphysics.app-phPRD(2021)·65 citations
14. 14*

    New limits on the Lorentz/CPT symmetry through fifty gravitational-wave events

    Ziming Wang🇨🇳 · Lijing Shao🇨🇳 · Chang Liu🇨🇳

    Lorentz invariance plays a fundamental role in modern physics. However, tiny violations of the Lorentz invariance may arise in some candidate quantum gravity theories. Prominent signatures of the gravitational Lorentz invariance violation (gLIV) include anisotropy, dispersion, and birefringence in the dispersion relation of gravitational waves (GWs). Using a total of 50 GW events in the GW transient catalogs GWTC-1 and GWTC-2, we perform an analysis on the anisotropic birefringence phenomenon. The use of multiple events allows us to completely break the degeneracy among gLIV coefficients and globally constrain the coefficient space. Compared to previous results at mass dimensions 5 and 6 for the Lorentz-violating operators, we tighten the global limits of 34 coefficients by factors ranging from $2$ to $7$.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2021)·44 citations
15. 15*

    Observing Supernova Neutrino Light Curves with Super-Kamiokande. II. Impact of the Nuclear Equation of State

    Ken'ichiro Nakazato🇯🇵 · Fumi Nakanishi🇯🇵 · Masayuki Harada🇯🇵 · Yusuke Koshio🇯🇵 · Yudai Suwa🇯🇵 · Kohsuke Sumiyoshi🇯🇵 · Akira Harada🇯🇵 · Masamitsu Mori🇯🇵 · Roger A. Wendell🇯🇵

    The late-time evolution of the neutrino event rate from supernovae is evaluated for Super-Kamiokande using simulated results of proto-neutron star (PNS) cooling. In the present work we extend the result of Suwa et al. (2019) [arXiv:1904.09996], which studied the dependence on the PNS mass, but focus on the impact of the nuclear equation of state (EOS). We find that the neutrino event rate depends on both the high-density and low-density EOS, where the former determines the radius of the PNS and the latter affects its surface temperature. Based on the present evaluation of the neutrino event rate we propose a new analysis method to extract the time variability of the neutrino average energy taking into account the statistical error in the observation.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phnucl-thApJ(2022)·30 citations
16. 16*

    Application of the constituent quark exchange model to the parton distributions and the EMC ratios of ${}^{12}C$ and ${}^{14}N$ nuclei

    A. Hadian🇮🇷 · M.Modarres🇮🇷

    The quark exchange model (QEM) is reformulated for the $A=12$ and $14$ systems to obtain the constituent quark distributions of ${}^{12}C$ and ${}^{14}N$ nuclei, respectively. Afterwards, the different types of the point-like parton distribution functions (PDFs), i.e., the valence quarks, the sea quarks and the gluons, are extracted from the constituent quark model (CQM), at the hadronic scale $Q_0^2=0.34$ $Ge{V}^2$ to generate the constituent quark exchange model (CQEM = QEM $\oplus$ CQM) PDFs. From the resulted PDFs, the structure functions and the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) ratios of the above-mentioned nuclei at the appropriate hadronic scale are calculated. To make our results more comparable with the available experimental data, we evolve the PDFs, by using the standard DGALP evolution equations, to the higher hard scales. Subsequently, the EMC ratios of ${}^{12}C$ and ${}^{14}N$ nuclei at the some higher energy scales, corresponding to the scales of available data, are calculated, at the leading (LO) and the next-to-leading (NLO) orders of pQCD. By doing so, it is observed that the EMC ratios do not significantly depend on the hard scale $Q^2$, and the outcomes are consistent with the various experimental data such as HERMES, BCDMS, JLab, SLAC, NMC, and EMC. Especially, in the mid-range of Bjorken $x$ values, the results are so desirable. Like our previous works for the ${}^{4}He$ and ${}^{6}Li$ nuclei, we again observe that at a fixed scale $Q^2$, the LO and the NLO EMC ratios with high precision are approximately the same. Therefore, one can conclude that at a given hard scale, the LO approximation is good enough for calculating the EMC ratios of light nuclei.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phhep-th+1NPA(2020)·2 citations
17. 17*

    Orbital Evolution of Satellite Galaxies in Self-Interacting Dark Matter Models

    Oren Slone🇺🇸 · Fangzhou Jiang🇺🇸 · Mariangela Lisanti🇺🇸 · Manoj Kaplinghat🇺🇸

    Dark matter self interactions can leave distinctive signatures on the properties of satellite galaxies around Milky Way--like hosts through their impact on tidal stripping, ram pressure, and gravothermal collapse. We delineate the regions of self-interacting dark matter parameter space -- specified by interaction cross section and a velocity scale -- where each of these effects dominates, and show how the relative mass loss depends on the satellite's initial mass, density profile and orbit. We obtain novel, conservative constraints in this parameter space using Milky Way satellite galaxies with notably high central densities and small pericenter distances. Our results for self-interacting dark matter models, in combination with constraints from clusters of galaxies, favor either velocity-dependent cross sections that lead to gravothermal core collapse in the densest satellites, or small cross sections which more closely resemble cold and collisionless dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·65 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.