Fri·Jul 23, 2021Friday·July 23, 2021

1. 01*

   Two-Loop Rational Terms for Spontaneously Broken Theories

   Jean-Nicolas Lang🇨🇭 · Stefano Pozzorini🇨🇭 · Hantian Zhang🇨🇭 · Max F. Zoller🇨🇭

   Rational counterterms are a key ingredient for the automation of loop calculations through numerical methods. Building on the recently established properties of rational terms of UV origin at two loops, in this paper we present a systematic method for the determination of rational counterterms within spontaneously broken theories. In particular we introduce a generalised vev-expansion approach that makes it possible to obtain the rational counterterms of UV origin for a spontaneously broken theory by means of calculations in the unbroken phase. The drastic simplifications that result from the underlying symmetry open the door to the efficient determination of rational counterterms for the full Standard Model at two loops. The renormalisation-scheme dependence is analysed in detail, and we show that rational counterterms need to be determined only once and for all in a generic renormalisation scheme for the symmetric phase and, a posteriori, they can be easily adapted to a wide range of physical renormalisation schemes for the spontaneously broken phase. As a first application we determine the full set of $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_{\mathrm{s}}^2)$ rational counterterms of UV origin for the full Standard Model, i.e. for all superficially UV-divergent two-loop vertex functions involving combinations of gluons, quarks, electroweak vector bosons and scalar bosons.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2022)·17 citations
2. 02*

   Electromagnetic form factors of $\Lambda$ hyperon in the vector meson dominance model and a possible explanation of the near-threshold enhancement of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ reaction

   Zhong-Yi Li🇨🇳 · An-Xin Dai🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

   The near-threshold $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ reaction is studied with the assumption that the production mechanism is due to a near-$\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$-threshold bound state. The cross section of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ reaction is parametrized in terms of the electromagnetic form factors of $\Lambda$ hyperon, which are obtained with the vector meson dominance model. It is shown that the contribution to the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ reaction from a new narrow state with quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ is dominant for energies very close to threshold. The mass of this new state is around 2231 MeV, which is very close to the mass threshold of $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$, while its width is just a few MeV. This gives a possible solution to the problem that all previous calculations seriously underestimate the near-threshold total cross section of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ reaction. We also note that the near-threshold enhancement can be also reproduced by including these well established vector resonances $\omega (1420)$, $\omega (1650)$, $\varphi (1680)$, or $\varphi (2170)$ with a Flatt$\acute{\mathrm{e}}$ form for their total decay width, and a strong coupling to the $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ channel.

   hep-phnucl-thChin.Phys.Lett.(2022)·27 citations
3. 03*

   Measuring single-top-associated Higgs production at the HL-LHC

   Henning Bahl🇩🇪

   Precision measurements of top-associated Higgs production are an important ingredient to unravel the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ nature of the Higgs boson. In this work, we constraint the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ nature of the top-Yukawa coupling taking into account all relevant inclusive and differential Higgs boson measurements. Based upon this fit, we show that it is crucial to disentangle single- and di-top-associated Higgs production for tightening indirect constraints on a $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-odd top-Yukawa coupling in the future. In this context, we propose an analysis strategy for measuring $tH$ production at the HL-LHC without relying on assumptions about the Higgs $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ character.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2022)·0 citations
4. 04*

   The $\bar{K}N$ interaction in higher partial waves

   Albert Feijoo🇨🇿 · Daniel Gazda🇨🇿 · Volodymyr Magas🇪🇸 · Angels Ramos🇪🇸

   We present a chiral $\bar{K}N$ interaction model that has been developed and optimized in order to account for the experimental data of inelastic $\bar{K}N$ reaction channels that open at higher energies. In particular, we study the effect of the higher partial waves which originate directly from the chiral Lagrangian, as they could supersede the role of high-spin resonances employed in earlier phenomenological models to describe meson-baryon cross sections in the 2~GeV region. We present a detailed derivation of the partial wave amplitudes that emerge from the chiral SU(3) meson-baryon Lagrangian up to the d-waves and next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion. We implement a nonperturbative unitarization in coupled channels and optimize the model parameters to a large pool of experimental data in the relevant energy range where these new contributions are expected to be important. The obtained results are encouraging. They indicate the ability of the chiral higher partial waves to extend the description of the scattering data to higher energies and to account for structures in the reaction cross sections that cannot be accommodated by theoretical models limited to the s-waves.

   hep-phnucl-thSymmetry(2021)·13 citations
5. 05*

   Theoretical and phenomenological consequences of active and sterile neutrino within Beyond Standard Model framework

   Pritam Das🇮🇳

   This thesis address theoretical and phenomenological aspects of active and sterile mixing pattern within minimal extended seesaw frameworks. It consists of six chapters, where chapters one and six are dedicated to introduction and conclusion chapters, respectively. In chapter two, we study active-sterile phenomenology with a single generation of sterile neutrino ($m_S\sim \mathcal{O}$(eV)) along with the three active neutrinos. Three independent cases for sterile mass matrices are studied in both normal and inverted hierarchy mass ordering. Chapter three is an extension of the previous chapter. The neutrino mass generation and baryogenesis {\it via} thermal leptogenesis are studied in the fermionic sector. On the other hand, an extended multi Higgs doublet model is studied in the scalar sector. Among the three Higgs doublet, one of them does not acquire any vacuum expectation value (VEV); hence, it behaves as an inert Higgs. The lightest component of this behaves as a viable dark matter candidate. Within MES, sterile mass can be stressed up to the $keV$ scale. In the fourth chapter, we studied various phenomenologies considering sterile neutrino mass in the $keV$ range. This $keV$ scaled sterile neutrino also plays the role of dark matter candidate in our study. The fifth chapter is dedicated to the texture-zero neutrino dark matter model. We study active-sterile mixing, baryogenesis $via$ resonant leptogenesis and $0\nu \beta \beta$ in the fermion sector. While, in the scalar sector, the complex scalar flavon that gives rise to sterile mass takes part in dark matter study. The imaginary component of that scalar flavon is behaving as a viable dark matter candidate.

   hep-ph1 citation
6. 06*

   Effect of $K^0-{\bar{K}}^0$ Mixing on CP and CPT Violations in $B_c^{\pm }\to B^{\pm }{K}_{S,L}^0$ Decays

   Xiao-Dong Cheng🇨🇳 · Ru-Min Wang🇨🇳 · Xing-Bo Yuan🇨🇳

   The large data sample of the $B_c$ meson collected at the LHC experiment and the HL-LHC experiment provides us the opportunity to study the $B_c$ decays and the related physics. In this paper, we investigate the effect of $K^0-{\bar{K}}^0$ mixing on the the branching ratios, CP violations and CPT violations in the $B_c^{\pm }\to B^{\pm }{K}_{S,L}^0$ decays. We find that some of the $B_c^{\pm }\to B^{\pm }{K}_{S,L}^0\to f_{B^{\pm }}{f}_{K_{S,L}^0}$ decay chains have large branching ratios, whose maximum value can exceed the order of $10^{-6}$, the minimum number of $B_c^{\pm }$ events times efficiency for observing the decays at three standard deviations (3$\sigma$) level is about $10^6$. We study the CP asymmetries in the $B_c^{\pm }\to B^{\pm }{K}_{S,L}^0$ decays and find that the CP asymmetries can exceed the order of $10^{-3}$, which are dominated by $K^0-{\bar{K}}^0$ mixing. We give the most promising processes to observe the CP violations and the ranges of the numbers of $B_c^{\pm }$ events-times-efficiency needed to observe the CP asymmetries at a significance of 3$\sigma$ in these decays. We investigate the possibility to constraint the CPT violation parameter $z$ in the $B_c^{\pm }\to B^{\pm }{K}_{S,L}^0\to f_{B^{\pm }}{f}_{K_{S,L}^0}$ decays and give the most promising processes to constraint the parameter $z$.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·5 citations
7. 07*

   Study of $B_{(s)}\to (\pi \pi )(K\pi )$ decays in the perturbative QCD approach

   Ya Li🇨🇳 · Da-Cheng Yan🇨🇳 · Zhou Rui🇨🇳 · Zhen-Jun Xiao🇨🇳

   In this work, we provide estimates of the branching ratios, direct $CP$ asymmetries and triple product asymmetries in $B_{(s)}\to (\pi \pi )(K\pi )$ decays in the perturbative QCD approach, where the $\pi \pi$ and $K\pi$ invariant mass spectra are dominated by the vector resonances $\rho (770)$ and $K^{\ast }(892)$, respectively. Some scalar backgrounds, such as $f_0(500,980)\to \pi \pi$ and $K_0^{\ast }(1430)\to K\pi$ are also accounted for. The $\rho (700)$ is parametrized by the Gounaris-Sakurai function. The relativistic Breit-Wigner formula for the $f_0(500)$ and Flatté model for the $f_0(980)$ are adopted to parameterize the time-like scalar form factors $F_S({\omega }^2)$. We also use the D.V. Bugg model to parameterize the $f_0(500)$ and compare the relevant theoretical predictions from different models. While in the region of $K\pi$ invariant mass, the $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ is described with the LASS lineshape and the $K^{\ast }(892)$ is modeled by the Breit-Wigner function. We find that the decay rates for the considered decay modes agree with currently available data within errors. As a by-product, we extract the branching ratios of two-body decays $B_{(s)}\to \rho (770)K^{\ast }(892)$ from the corresponding four-body decay modes and calculate the relevant polarization fractions. Our prediction of longitudinal polarization fraction for $B^0\to \rho (770{)}^0{K}^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ decay deviates a lot from the recent LHCb measurement, which should be resolved. It is shown that the direct $CP$ asymmetries are large due to the sizable interference between the tree and penguin contributions, but they are small for the tree-dominant or penguin-dominant processes. The PQCD predictions for the triple product asymmetries are small which are expected in the standard model, and consistent with the current data reported by the LHCb Collaboration.Our results can be tested by the future precise data from the LHCb and Belle II experiments.

   hep-phEPJC(2021)·19 citations
8. 08*

   Full NLO predictions for vector-boson scattering into Z bosons and its irreducible background at the LHC

   Ansgar Denner🇩🇪 · Robert Franken🇩🇪 · Mathieu Pellen🇩🇪 · Timo Schmidt🇩🇪

   Vector-boson scattering into two Z bosons at the LHC is a key channel for the exploration of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. It allows for the full reconstruction of the scattering process but at the price of a huge irreducible background. For the first time, we present full next-to-leading-order predictions for $pp\to e^{+}{e}^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}jj+X$ including all electroweak and QCD contributions for vector-boson scattering signal and irreducible background. The results are presented in the form of cross sections and differential distributions. A particular emphasis is put on the newly computed $O({\alpha }_s^2{\alpha }^5)$ corrections.

   hep-phJHEP(2021)·27 citations
9. 09*

   Self-consistent $O(4)$ model spectral functions from analytically continued FRG flows

   Christopher Jung🇩🇪 · Jan-Hendrik Otto🇩🇪 · Ralf-Arno Tripolt🇦🇹 · Lorenz von Smekal🇩🇪

   In this paper we explore practicable ways for self-consistent calculations of spectral functions from analytically continued functional renormalization group (aFRG) flow equations. As a particularly straightforward one we propose to include parametrizations of self-energies based on explicit analytic one-loop expressions. To exemplify this scheme we calculate the spectral functions of pion and sigma meson of the $O(4)$ model at vanishing temperature in the broken phase. Comparing the results with those from previous aFRG calculations, we explicitly demonstrate how self-consistency at all momenta fixes the tight relation between particle masses and decay thresholds. In addition, the two-point functions from our new semi-analytic FRG scheme have the desired domain of holomorphy built in and can readily be studied in the entire cut-complex frequency plane, on physical as well as other Riemann sheets. This is very illustrative and allows, for example, to trace the flow of the resonance pole of the sigma meson across an unphysical sheet. In order to assess the limitations due to the underlying one-loop structure, we also introduce a fully self-consistent numerical scheme based on spectral representations with scale-dependent spectral functions. The most notable improvement of this numerically involved calculation is that it describes the three-particle resonance decay of an off-shell pion, ${\pi }^{\ast }\to \sigma \pi \to 3\pi$. Apart from this further conceptual improvement, overall agreement with the results from the considerably simpler semi-analytic one-loop scheme is very encouraging, however. The latter can therefore provide a sound and practicable basis for self-consistent calculations of spectral functions in more realistic effective theories for warm and dense matter.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2021)·19 citations
10. 10*

    A combined approach to the analysis of space and ground experimental data within a simplified E6SSM

    Shaaban Khalil🇪🇬 · Kamila Kowalska🇵🇱 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧 · Diana Rojas-Ciofalo🇵🇱 · Harri Waltari🇬🇧

    Within the Exceptional Supersymmetric Standard Model (E6SSM), we investigate striking signatures at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for a long-lived charged inert higgsino, which is degenerate with the inert neutralino at tree level and a mass splitting of order O(0.3) GeV is generated at the loop level, resulting in a lifetime of order O(0.02) nanoseconds. We focus on the most sensitive search for long-lived charged inert higgsino decays to the lightest neutral inert higgsino Dark Matter (DM) and very soft charged leptons, which are eventually stopped in the detector resulting in a disappearing-track signal. Furthermore, we study the displaced vertex signature of the inert chargino in the case where it is produced via the Z' portal. We illustrate how difficult it is to construct displaced vertices in this class of models, though some evidence of these could be gained at the High Luminosity LHC. Finally, we compare the spin independent and spin dependent cross sections of the lightest inert higgsino DM to those of current direct detection experiments, proving that it is possible to gain sensitivity to the active DM component of this scenario in the near future. The combination of these signatures with the one emerging from Z' production and decay via Drell-Yan, which can be characterised as belonging to the E6SSM via both the cross section and Forward-Backward Asymmetry, could point uniquely to this non-minimal realisation of supersymmetry. In fact, we remark that these evidences of the E6SSM can also be correlated to the features of standard SUSY cascades in terms of the amount of missing transverse energy present therein.

    hep-phEPJC(2022)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Pair production of magnetic monopoles and stable high-electric-charge objects in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions

    Wen Yi Song🇨🇦 · Wendy Taylor🇨🇦

    We describe pair-production models of spin-0 and spin-1/2 magnetic monopoles and high-electric-charge objects in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions, considering both the Drell-Yan and the photon-fusion processes. In particular, we extend the Drell-Yan production model of spin-1/2 high-electric-charge objects to include $Z^0$-boson exchange for proton-proton collisions. Furthermore, we explore spin-1/2 and, for the first time, spin-0 production in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions. With matrix element calculations and equivalent photon fluxes implemented in MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, we present leading-order production cross sections of these mechanisms in $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV proton-proton collisions and $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.5$ TeV ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions at the LHC. While the mass range accessible in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions is much lower than that in proton-proton collisions, we find that the theoretical production cross sections are significantly enhanced in the former for masses below 82 GeV.

    hep-phhep-exJ.Phys.G(2022)·21 citations
12. 12*

    Entanglement, partial set of measurements, and diagonality of the density matrix in the parton model

    Haowu Duan🇺🇸

    To study quantum properties of the hadron wavefunction at small x, we derived the reduced density matrix for soft gluons in the CGC framework. We explicitly showed that the reduced density matrix is not diagonal in the particle number basis. The off-diagonal components are usually ignored in the conventional parton model. We thus defined the density matrix of ignorance by keeping only the part of the reduced density matrix which can be probed in a limited set of experimental measurements. We calculated Von Neumann entropy for both the reduced and ignorance density matrices. The entropy of ignorance is always greater than the entanglement entropy (computed drom the reduced density matrix) of gluons. Finally, we showed that the CGC reduced density matrix for soft gluons can be diagonalized in a thermal basis with Boltzmann weights suggesting thermalization of new quasi-particle states which we dubbed entangolons.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2022)·4 citations
13. 13*

    High-energy $\pi \pi$ scattering without and with photon radiation

    Piotr Lebiedowicz🇵🇱 · Otto Nachtmann🇩🇪 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

    We discuss the processes $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi$ and $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi \gamma$ from a general quantum field theory (QFT) point of view. We study the soft-photon limit where the photon energy $\omega \to 0$ and where we have the theorems due to F.E. Low and S. Weinberg. We consider for the radiative amplitude the Laurent expansion in $\omega$ and calculate the terms of order ${\omega }^{-1}$ and ${\omega }^0$. The pole term $\propto {\omega }^{-1}$ is given by Weinberg's soft-photon theorem. Then we calculate the amplitudes for the above reactions for high center-of-mass energies and small momentum transfers, that is, in the soft-diffraction regime using the tensor-pomeron model. We identify places where "anomalous" soft photons could come from. Three soft-photon approximations (SPAs) are introduced. The corresponding SPA results are compared to those obtained from the full tensor-pomeron model for center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}=10$ GeV and 100 GeV. The kinematic regions where the SPAs are a good representation of the full amplitude are determined. Finally we make some remarks on the type of fundamental information one could obtain from high-energy exclusive hadronic reactions without and with soft photon radiation.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·19 citations
14. 14*

    Charged lepton flavor violation associated with heavy quark production in deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering via scalar exchange

    Yuichiro Kiyo🇯🇵 · Michihisa Takeuchi🇯🇵 · Yuichi Uesaka🇯🇵 · Masato Yamanaka🇯🇵

    We study charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) associated with heavy quark pair production in lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering ${\ell }_{i}N\to {\ell }_{j}q\bar{q}X$. Here ${\ell }_i$ and ${\ell }_j$ denote the initial and final leptons; $N$ and $X$ are respectively the initial nucleon and arbitrary final hadronic system. We employ a model Lagrangian in which a scalar and pseudoscalar mediator generates the CLFV. We derive heavy quark structure functions for scalar and pseudoscalar currents and compute momentum distributions of the final lepton for the process. Our focus is on the heavy quark mass effects in the final lepton momentum distribution. We clarify the necessity of inclusion of the heavy quark mass to obtain reliable theory predictions for the CLFV signal searches in the deep-inelastic scattering.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·1 citation
15. 15*

    A low-energy perspective on the minimal left-right symmetric model

    Wouter Dekens🇺🇸 · Lorenzo Andreoli🇺🇸 · Jordy de Vries🇳🇱 · Emanuele Mereghetti🇺🇸 · Femke Oosterhof🇳🇱

    We perform a global analysis of the low-energy phenomenology of the minimal left-right symmetric model (mLRSM) with parity symmetry. We match the mLRSM to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory Lagrangian at the left-right-symmetry breaking scale and perform a comprehensive fit to low-energy data including mesonic, neutron, and nuclear $\beta$-decay processes, $\Delta F=1$ and $\Delta F=2$ CP-even and -odd processes in the bottom and strange sectors, and electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nucleons, nuclei, and atoms. We fit the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa and mLRSM parameters simultaneously and determine a lower bound on the mass of the right-handed $W_R$ boson. In models where a Peccei-Quinn mechanism provides a solution to the strong CP problem, we obtain $M_{W_R}\gtrsim 5.5$ TeV at $95\%$ C.L. which can be significantly improved with next-generation EDM experiments. In the $P$-symmetric mLRSM without a Peccei-Quinn mechanism we obtain a more stringent constraint $M_{W_R}\gtrsim 17$ TeV at $95\%$ C.L., which is difficult to improve with low-energy measurements alone. In all cases, the additional scalar fields of the mLRSM are required to be a few times heavier than the right-handed gauge bosons. We consider a recent discrepancy in tests of first-row unitarity of the CKM matrix. We find that, while TeV-scale $W_R$ bosons can alleviate some of the tension found in the $V_{ud,us}$ determinations, a solution to the discrepancy is disfavored when taking into account other low-energy observables within the mLRSM.

    hep-phJHEP(2021)·44 citations
16. 16*

    Tree boosting for learning EFT parameters

    Suman Chatterjee🇦🇹 · Nikolaus Frohner🇦🇹 · Lukas Lechner🇦🇹 · Robert Schöfbeck🇦🇹 · Dennis Schwarz🇦🇹

    We present a new tree boosting algorithm designed for the measurement of parameters in the context of effective field theory (EFT). To construct the algorithm, we interpret the optimized loss function of a traditional decision tree as the maximal Fisher information in Poisson counting experiments. We promote the interpretation to general EFT predictions and develop a suitable boosting method. The resulting ``Boosted Information Tree'' algorithm approximates the score, the derivative of the log-likelihood function with respect to the parameter. It thus provides a sufficient statistic in the vicinity of a reference point in parameter space where the estimator is trained. The training exploits per-event information of likelihood ratios for different theory parameter values available in the simulated EFT data sets.

    hep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2022)·28 citations
17. 17*

    Gravitational wave induced baryon acoustic oscillations

    Christian Döring🇩🇪 · Salvador Centelles Chuliá🇪🇸 · Manfred Lindner🇩🇪 · Bjoern Malte Schaefer🇩🇪 · Matthias Bartelmann🇩🇪

    We study the impact of gravitational waves originating from a first order phase transition on structure formation. To do so, we perform a second order perturbation analysis in the $1+3$ covariant framework and derive a wave equation in which second order, adiabatic density perturbations of the photon-baryon fluid are sourced by the gravitational wave energy density during radiation domination and on sub-horizon scales. The scale on which such waves affect the energy density perturbation spectrum is found to be proportional to the horizon size at the time of the phase transition times its inverse duration. Consequently, structure of the size of galaxies and bigger can only be affected in this way by relatively late phase transitions at $\ge 10^6\text{s}$. Using cosmic variance as a bound we derive limits on the strength $\alpha$ and the relative duration $(\beta /H_{\ast }{)}^{-1}$ of phase transitions as functions of the time of their occurrence which results in a new exclusion region for the energy density in gravitational waves today. We find that the cosmic variance bound forbids only relative long lasting phase transitions, e.g. $\beta /H_{\ast }\lesssim 6.8$ for $t_{\ast }\approx 5\times 10^{11}\text{s}$, which exhibit a substantial amount of supercooling $\alpha >20$ to affect the matter power spectrum.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thSciPost Phys.(2022)·6 citations
18. 18*

    The $H_0$ Olympics: A fair ranking of proposed models

    Nils Schöneberg🇩🇪 · Guillermo Franco Abellán🇫🇷 · Andrea Pérez Sánchez🇩🇪 · Samuel J. Witte🇳🇱 · Vivian Poulin🇫🇷 · Julien Lesgourgues🇩🇪

    Despite the remarkable success of the $\Lambda$Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmological model, a growing discrepancy has emerged (currently measured at the level of $\sim 4-6\sigma$) between the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ measured using the local distance ladder and the value inferred using the cosmic microwave background and galaxy surveys. While a vast array of $\Lambda$CDM extensions have been proposed to explain these discordant observations, understanding the (relative) success of these models in resolving the tension has proven difficult -- this is a direct consequence of the fact that each model has been subjected to differing, and typically incomplete, compilations of cosmological data. In this review, we attempt to make a systematic comparison of sixteen different models which have been proposed to resolve the $H_0$ tension (spanning both early- and late-Universe solutions), and quantify the relative success of each using a series of metrics and a vast array of data combinations. Owing to the timely appearance of this article, we refer to this contest as the ''$H_0$ Olympics''; the goal being to identify which of the proposed solutions, and more broadly which underlying mechanisms, are most likely to be responsible for explaining the observed discrepancy (should unaccounted for systematics not be the culprit). This work also establishes a foundation of tests which will allow the success of novel proposals to be meaningful ''benchmarked''.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPhys.Rept.(2022)·673 citations
19. 19*

    Smallest Remnants of Early Matter Domination

    Gabriela Barenboim🇪🇸 · Nikita Blinov🇺🇸 · Albert Stebbins🇺🇸

    The evolution of the universe prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis could have gone through a phase of early matter domination (EMD) which enhanced the growth of small-scale dark matter structure. If EMD was long enough, self-gravitating objects formed prior to reheating. We study the evolution of these dense early halos (EHs) through reheating. At the end of EMD, EHs undergo rapid expansion and eventually eject their matter. We find that this process washes out structure on scales much larger than naively expected from the size of the original halos. We compute the density profiles of the EH remnants and use them to construct late-time power spectra that include these non-linear effects. EH dynamics limits the maximum enhancement that can be generated by EMD in a way that is independent of the dark matter microphysics. We evolve an extrapolated $\Lambda$CDM power spectrum to estimate the properties of microhalos that would form after matter-radiation equality. Surprisingly, cosmologies with a short period of EMD lead to an earlier onset of microhalo formation compared to those with a long period of EMD. In either case, dark matter structure formation begins much earlier than in the standard cosmology, with most DM bound in microhalos.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2021)·25 citations
20. 20*

    A formalism to assess the accuracy of nuclear-structure weak interaction effects in precision $\beta$-decay studies

    Ayala Glick-Magid🇮🇱 · Doron Gazit🇮🇱

    Multiple high precision $\beta$-decay measurements are being carried out these days on various nuclei, in search of beyond the Standard Model signatures. These measurements necessitate accurate standard model theoretical predictions to be compared with. Motivated by the experimental surge, we present a formalism for such a calculation of $\beta$-decay observables, with controlled accuracy, based on a perturbative analysis of the theoretical observables related to the phenomena, including high order nuclear recoil and shape corrections. The accuracy of the corrections is analyzed by identifying a hierarchy of small parameters, related to the low momentum transfer characterizing $\beta$-decays. Furthermore, we show that the sub-percent uncertainties, targeted by on-going and planned experiments, entail an accuracy of the order of 10\% for the solution of the nuclear many body problem, which is well within the reach of modern nuclear theory for light to medium mass nuclei.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exJ.Phys.G(2022)·19 citations
21. 21*

    Bounds on Quantum Information Storage and Retrieval

    Gia Dvali🇩🇪

    We present certain universal bounds on the capacity of quantum information storage and on the time scale of its retrieval for a generic quantum field theoretic system. The capacity, quantified by the microstate entropy, is bounded from above by the surface area of the object measured in units of a Goldstone decay constant. The Goldstone bosons are universally present due to the spontaneous breaking of Poincare and internal symmetries by the information-storing object. Applied to a black hole, the bound reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. However, the relation goes beyond gravity. The minimal time-scale required for retrieving the quantum information from a system is equal to its volume measured in units of the same Goldstone scale. For a black hole this reproduces the Page time as well as the quantum break-time. The same expression for the information retrieval time is shared by non-gravitational saturated states in gauge theories, including QCD. The saturated objects exhibit some universal signatures such as the emission of ultra-soft radiation. Similar bounds apply to non-relativistic many-body systems.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phquant-phPhil.Trans.A.Math.Phys.Eng.Sci.(2021)·24 citations
22. 22*

    Charged particles interaction in both a finite volume and a uniform magnetic field II: topological and analytic properties of a magnetic system

    Peng Guo🇺🇸 · Vladimir Gasparian🇺🇸

    In present work, we discuss some topological features of charged particles interacting a uniform magnetic field in a finite volume. The edge state solutions are presented, as a signature of non-trivial topological systems, the energy spectrum of edge states show up in the gap between allowed energy bands. By treating total momentum of two-body system as a continuous distributed parameter in complex plane, the analytic properties of solutions of finite volume system in a magnetic field is also discussed.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJ.Phys.A(2022)·9 citations
23. 23*

    Multi-critical point principle as the origin of classical conformality and its generalizations

    Hikaru Kawai🇹🇼 · Kiyoharu Kawana🇰🇷

    Multi-critical point principle (MPP) is one of the interesting theoretical possibilities that can explain the fine-tuning problems of the Universe. It simply claims that "the coupling constants of a theory are tuned to one of the multi-critical points, where some of the extrema of the effective potential are degenerate." One of the simplest examples is the vanishing of the second derivative of the effective potential around a minimum. This corresponds to the so-called classical conformality, because it implies that the renormalized mass $m^2$ vanishes. More generally, the form of the effective potential of a model depends on several coupling constants, and we should sweep them to find all the multi-critical points. In this paper, we study the multi-critical points of a general scalar field $\varphi$ at one-loop level under the circumstance that the vacuum expectation values of the other fields are all zero. For simplicity, we also assume that the other fields are either massless or so heavy that they do not contribute to the low energy effective potential of $\varphi$. This assumption makes our discussion very simple because the resultant one-loop effective potential is parametrized by only four effective couplings. Although our analysis is not completely general because of the assumption, it still can be widely applicable to many models of the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism and its generalizations. After classifying the multi-critical points at low-energy scales, we will briefly mention the possibility of criticalities at high-energy scales and their implications for cosmology.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPTEP(2022)·12 citations
24. 24*

    Spin-orbit effects for compact binaries in scalar-tensor gravity

    Philippe Brax🇫🇷 · Anne-Christine Davis🇬🇧 · Scott Melville🇬🇧 · Leong Khim Wong🇫🇷

    Gravitational waves provide us with a new window into our Universe, and have already been used to place strong constrains on the existence of light scalar fields, which are a common feature in many alternative theories of gravity. However, spin effects are still relatively unexplored in this context. In this work, we construct an effective point-particle action for a generic spinning body that can couple both conformally and disformally to a real scalar field, and we show that requiring the existence of a self-consistent solution automatically implies that if a scalar couples to the mass of a body, then it must also couple to its spin. We then use well-established effective field theory techniques to conduct a comprehensive study of spin-orbit effects in binary systems to leading order in the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion. Focusing on quasicircular nonprecessing binaries for simplicity, we systematically compute all key quantities, including the conservative potential, the orbital binding energy, the radiated power, and the gravitational-wave phase. We show that depending on how strongly each member of the binary couples to the scalar, the spin-orbit effects that are due to a conformal coupling first enter into the phase at either 0.5PN or 1.5PN order, while those that arise from a disformal coupling start at either 3.5PN or 4.5PN order. This suppression by additional PN orders notwithstanding, we find that the disformal spin-orbit terms can actually dominate over their conformal counterparts due to an enhancement by a large prefactor. Accordingly, our results suggest that upcoming gravitational-wave detectors could be sensitive to disformal spin-orbit effects in double neutron star binaries if at least one of the two bodies is sufficiently scalarised.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2021)·31 citations
25. 25*

    Constraining Non-Standard Dark Matter-Nucleon Interactions with IceCube

    Lilly Peters · Koun Choi · Mehr Un Nisa (for the IceCube Collaboration)

    After scattering off nuclei in the Sun, dark matter particles can be gravitationally captured by the Sun, accumulate in the Sun's core and annihilate into Standard Model particles. Neutrinos originating from these annihilations can be detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located at the South Pole. Due to the non-observation of these neutrinos, constraints on the standard spin-dependent and spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections have been placed. Based on these constraints, we present upper limits on the coupling constants of the non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions, including velocity and momentum dependent interactions.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.HEhep-phPoS(2021)·4 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.