Wed·May 19, 2021Wednesday·May 19, 2021

1. 01*

   Halo-Independent Analysis of Direct Dark Matter Detection Through Electron Scattering

   Muping Chen🇺🇸 · Graciela B. Gelmini🇺🇸 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵

   Sub-GeV mass dark matter particles whose collisions with nuclei would not deposit sufficient energy to be detected, could instead be revealed through their interaction with electrons. Analyses of data from direct detection experiments usually require assuming a local dark matter halo velocity distribution. In the halo-independent analysis method, properties of this distribution are instead inferred from direct dark matter detection data, which allows then to compare different data without making any assumption on the uncertain local dark halo. This method has so far been developed for and applied to dark matter scattering off nuclei. Here we demonstrate how this analysis can be applied to scattering off electrons.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2021)·19 citations
2. 02*

   Cosmological radiation density with non-standard neutrino-electron interactions

   Pablo F. de Salas🇸🇪 · Stefano Gariazzo🇮🇹 · Pablo Martínez-Miravé🇪🇸 · Sergio Pastor🇪🇸 · Mariam Tórtola🇪🇸

   Neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) with electrons are known to alter the picture of neutrino decoupling from the cosmic plasma. NSI modify both flavour oscillations through matter effects, and the annihilation and scattering between neutrinos and electrons and positrons in the thermal plasma. In view of the forthcoming cosmological observations, we perform a precision study of the impact of non-universal and flavour-changing NSI on the effective number of neutrinos, $N_{eff}$. We present the variation of $N_{eff}$ arising from the different NSI parameters and discuss the existing degeneracies among them, from cosmology alone and in relation to the current bounds from terrestrial experiments. Even though cosmology is generally less sensitive to NSI than these experiments, we find that future cosmological data would provide competitive and complementary constraints for some of the couplings and their combinations.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPLB(2021)·19 citations
3. 03*

   New magic textures of Majorana neutrinos and baryon asymmetry of the Universe

   Yuta Hyodo🇯🇵 · Teruyuki Kitabayashi🇯🇵

   The magic texture is one of the successful textures of the flavor neutrino mass matrix for Majorana neutrinos. In this paper, it turns out that two new types of magic textures are also consistent with the neutrino oscillation experiments, observation of cosmic microwave background radiation, and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. The connection between these new magic textures and the leptogenesis scenario of the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is also discussed.

   hep-phPTEP(2021)·5 citations
4. 04*

   PeV Gravitino, Weak-scale Higgsino and GeV Axino in KKLT

   Kyu Jung Bae🇰🇷 · Kwang Sik Jeong🇰🇷

   We realize high scale supersymmetry in the mirage mediation. The Higgs sector is extended with the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, and the higgsino mass term is generated by the Kim-Nilles mechanism. In particular, the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking scale naturally lies on the mirage messenger scale due to the mixed modulus-anomaly mediation with the gauge coupling unification. Consequently, the higgsino mass term is of order the weak scale while the gravitino mass is of PeV order. This hierarchy naturally leads to the correct electroweak symmetry breaking. The higgsinos are thus in the range accessible at future lepton colliders, while other sparticles are well-above the current LHC reach and consistent with the observed Higgs boson. The axino is dominantly produced from the modulus decay and accounts for the correct dark matter abundance.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·3 citations
5. 05*

   Forward Neutrino Fluxes at the LHC

   Felix Kling🇺🇸 · Laurence J. Nevay🇬🇧

   With the upcoming Run 3 of the LHC, the FASERv and SND@LHC detectors will start a new era of neutrino physics using the far-forward high-energy neutrino beam produced in collisions at ATLAS. This emerging LHC neutrino physics program requires reliable estimates of the LHC's forward neutrino fluxes and their uncertainties. In this paper we provide a new fast-neutrino flux simulation, implemented as a RIVET module, to address this issue. We present the expected energy distributions going through the FASERv and SND@LHC detectors based on various commonly used event generators, analyze the origin of those neutrinos, and present the expected neutrino event rates.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·124 citations
6. 06*

   Helicity polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions

   Jian-Hua Gao🇨🇳

   We discuss the helicity polarization which can be locally induced from both vorticity and helicity charge in non-central heavy ion collisions. Helicity charge redistribution can be generated in viscous fluid and contributes to azimuthal asymmetry of the polarization along global angular momentum or beam momentum. We also discuss on detecting the initial net helicity charge from topological charge fluctuation or initial color longitudinal field by the helicity polarization correlation of two hyperons and the helicity alignment of vector mesons in central heavy ion collisions.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2021)·53 citations
7. 07*

   Atomic ionization by scalar dark matter and solar scalars

   H. B. Tran Tan🇺🇸 · A. Derevianko🇺🇸 · V. A. Dzuba🇦🇺 · V. V. Flambaum🇦🇺

   We calculate the cross-sections of atomic ionization by absorption of scalar particles in the energy range from a few eV to 100 keV. We consider both nonrelativistic particles (dark matter candidates) and relativistic particles which may be produced inside Sun. We provide numerical results for atoms relevant for direct dark matter searches (O, Na, Ar, Ca, Ge, I, Xe, W and Tl). We identify a crucial flaw in previous calculations and show that they overestimated the ionization cross sections by several orders of magnitude due to violation of the orthogonality of the bound and continuum electron wave functions. Using our computed cross-sections, we interpret the recent data from the Xenon1T experiment, establishing the first direct bounds on coupling of scalars to electrons. We argue that the Xenon1T excess can be explained by the emission of scalars from the Sun. While our finding is in a similar tension with astrophysical bounds as the solar axion hypothesis, we establish direct limits on scalar DM for the $\sim 1-10\mathrm{keV}$ mass range. We also update axio-ionization cross-sections. Numerical data files are provided.

   hep-phphysics.atom-phPRL(2021)·13 citations
8. 08*

   $t\bar{t}b\bar{b}$ at the LHC: On the size of corrections and $b$-jet definitions

   Giuseppe Bevilacqua🇭🇺 · Huan-Yu Bi🇩🇪 · Heribertus Bayu Hartanto🇬🇧 · Manfred Kraus🇺🇸 · Michele Lupattelli🇩🇪 · Malgorzata Worek🇩🇪

   We report on the calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of a $t\bar{t}$ pair in association with two heavy-flavour jets. We concentrate on the di-lepton $t\bar{t}$ decay channel at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The computation is based on $pp\to e^{+}{\nu }_e{\mu }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }b\bar{b}b\bar{b}$ matrix elements and includes all resonant and non-resonant diagrams, interferences and off-shell effects of the top quark and the $W$ gauge boson. As it is customary for such studies, results are presented in the form of inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections. We extensively investigate the dependence of our results upon variation of renormalisation and factorisation scales and parton distribution functions in the quest for an accurate estimate of the theoretical uncertainties. We additionally study the impact of the contributions induced by the bottom-quark parton density. Results presented here are particularly relevant for measurements of $t\bar{t}H(H\to b\bar{b})$ and the determination of the Higgs coupling to the top quark. In addition, they might be used for precise measurements of the top-quark fiducial cross sections and to investigate top-quark decay modelling at the LHC.

   hep-phJHEP(2021)·45 citations
9. 09*

   Two-loop splitting in double parton distributions: the colour non-singlet case

   Markus Diehl🇩🇪 · Jonathan R. Gaunt🇬🇧 · Peter Ploessl🇩🇪

   At small inter-parton distances, double parton distributions receive their dominant contribution from the splitting of a single parton. We compute this mechanism at next-to-leading order in perturbation theory for all colour configurations of the observed parton pair. Rapidity divergences are handled either by using spacelike Wilson lines or by applying the delta regulator. We investigate the behaviour of the two-loop contributions in different kinematic limits, and we illustrate their impact in different channels.

   hep-phJHEP(2021)·15 citations
10. 10*

    Precision Predictions for Charged Higgs Boson Decays in the Real and Complex NMSSM

    Thi Nhung Dao🇻🇳 · Margarete Muhlleitner🇩🇪 · Shruti Patel🇩🇪 · Kodai Sakurai🇩🇪

    We present the full next-to-leading order (NLO) supersymmetric (SUSY) electroweak and SUSY-QCD corrections to the decay widths of the charged Higgs boson decays into on-shell final states in the framework of the CP-conserving and CP-violating Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Model (NMSSM). The newly calculated corrections have been implemented in the code NMSSMCALCEW. In these proceedings, we discuss the impact of the NLO corrections on the charged Higgs boson branching ratios in a wide range of the parameter space that is still compatible with the experimental constraints. We also investigate the effect of CP violation in these corrections.

    hep-ph1 citation
11. 11*

    New signatures of Dirac neutralino dark matter

    Mark D. Goodsell (Paris, LPTHE)🇫🇷 · Sabine Kraml (LPSC, Grenoble)🇫🇷 · Humberto Reyes-González (Genoa U. and INFN Genoa)🇮🇹 · Sophie L. Williamson (KIT, Karlsruhe, TP)🇩🇪

    Supersymmetric dark matter has been studied extensively in the context of the MSSM, where gauginos have Majorana masses. Introducing Dirac gaugino masses, we obtain an enriched phenomenology from which considerable differences in, e.g., LHC signatures can be expected. Concretely, in the Minimal Dirac Gaugino Model (MDGSSM) we have an electroweakino sector extended by two extra neutralinos and one extra chargino. The bino- and wino-like states bring about small mass splittings leading to the frequent presence of scenarios with Long Lived Particles (LLPs). In this contribution, we delineate the parameter space of the electroweakino sector of the MDGSSM, where the lightest neutralino is a viable dark matter candidate that escapes current dark matter direct detection. We then focus on the allowed regions that contain LLPs and confront them against the corresponding LHC searches. Finally, we discuss the predominant case of long-lived neutralinos, to which no search is currently sensitive.

    hep-ph0 citations
12. 12*

    New sensitivity of LHC measurements to Composite Dark Matter Models

    J. M. Butterworth🇬🇧 · L. Corpe🇨🇭 · X. Kong🇬🇧 · S. Kulkarni🇦🇹 · M. Thomas🇬🇧

    We present sensitivity of LHC differential cross-section measurements to so-called "stealth dark matter" scenarios occurring in an SU(N) dark gauge group, where constituents are charged under the Standard Model and N=2 or 4. The low-energy theory contains mesons which can be produced at the LHC, and a scalar baryon dark matter (DM) candidate which cannot. We evaluate the impact of LHC measurements on the dark meson masses. Using existing lattice results, we then connect the LHC explorations to DM phenomenology, in particular considering direct-detection experiments. We show that current LHC measurements constrain DM masses in the region of 10 TeV. We discuss potential pathways to explore these models further at the LHC.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·29 citations
13. 13*

    Impact parameter dependence of color charge correlations in the proton

    Adrian Dumitru🇺🇸 · Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Risto Paatelainen🇫🇮

    The impact parameter dependence of color charge correlators in the proton is obtained from the light front formalism in light cone gauge. We include NLO corrections due to the $|qqqg⟩$ Fock state via light-cone perturbation theory. Near the center of the proton, the $b$-dependence of the correlations is very different from a "transverse profile function". The resulting $t$-dependence of exclusive $J/\Psi$ photoproduction transitions from exponential to power law at $|t|\approx 1$ GeV${}^2$. This prediction could be tested at upcoming DIS facilities or in nucleus-proton ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs).

    hep-phnucl-thSciPost Phys.Proc.(2022)·4 citations
14. 14*

    Study of conventional and non-conventional scalar and vector mesons

    Milena Piotrowska🇵🇱

    Enormous progress in physics enriched our knowledge about the particles which build matter. Among them there are mesons, to which this thesis is entirely devoted. The overwhelming majority of mesons is made of `conventional' $q\bar{q}$ pairs, but nowadays there is mounting evidence for `non-conventional' mesons, such as tetraquarks, glueballs, hybrids, and molecules. The main aim of this thesis is to understand the nature of some scalar and vector mesonic states which still remain puzzling. In this thesis we investigate two nonets of $q\bar{q}$ excited vector mesons. Within an effective QFT model we evaluate various decay channels of these states and compare the results with experimental data from PDG. Moreover, we make predictions for a not-yet observed $s\bar{s}$ state in $1$ ${}^3{D}_1$ nonet. Some non-conventional mesons can be understood by the mechanism of dynamical generation. We show that the inclusion of a single conventional $q\bar{q}$ seed in the relativistic QFT Lagrangian may cause the appearance of an additional associated state as a dynamically generated companion pole. Along this line, we show that light scalar kaon $K_0^{\ast }(700)$ emerges as a companion pole of the $q\bar{q}$ meson $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$. Moreover, we show that the enigmatic resonance $X(3872)$ in the charmonium sector can be interpreted as the (virtual) companion pole of the $c\bar{c}$ state ${\chi }_{c1}(2P)$. Then, we study the $c\bar{c}$ meson $\psi (4040)$. We show that an additional companion pole appears on the complex plane. At first sight one may identify it with the enhancement $Y(4008)$ observed by the Belle Collaboration. A detailed analysis reveals that different mechanism is responsible for the creation of $Y(4008)$. Hence, the bump associated with $Y(4008)$ should not be interpreted as an independent resonance, but rather as a manifestation of the strong coupling of $\psi (4040)$ to the $D^{\ast }D$ channel.

    hep-ph1 citation
15. 15*

    $\tilde{\tau }$ searches at the ILC

    M.T. Núñez Pardo de Vera (1)🇩🇪 · M. Berggren (1)🇩🇪 · J. List (1) ((1) DESY)🇩🇪

    The direct pair-production of the superpartner of the $\tau$-lepton, the $\tilde{\tau }$, is one of the most interesting channels to search for SUSY in. First of all, the $\tilde{\tau }$ is likely to be the lightest of the scalar leptons. Secondly the signature of $\tilde{\tau }$ pair production signal events is one of the experimentally most difficult ones, thereby constituting the "worst" possible scenario for SUSY searches. The current model-independent $\tilde{\tau }$ limits comes from analyses performed at LEP but they suffer from the limited energy of this facility. Limits obtained at the LHC do extend to higher masses, but they are only valid under strong assumptions. ILC, a future electron-positron collider with energy up to 500 GeV and upgrade capability\footnote{The initial ILC energy is planned to be 250 GeV.}, is a promising facility for SUSY searches. The capability of the ILC for determining exclusion/discovery limits for the $\tilde{\tau }$ in a model-independent way is shown in this paper, together with an overview of the current state-of-the-art. Results of the last studies of $\tilde{\tau }$ pair-production at the ILC are presented, showing the improvements with respect to previous results.

    hep-phhep-ex5 citations
16. 16*

    Self-Organised Localisation

    Gian F. Giudice🇨🇭 · Matthew McCullough🇨🇭 · Tevong You🇨🇭

    We describe a new phenomenon in quantum cosmology: self-organised localisation. When the fundamental parameters of a theory are functions of a scalar field subject to large fluctuations during inflation, quantum phase transitions can act as dynamical attractors. As a result, the theory parameters are probabilistically localised around the critical value and the Universe finds itself at the edge of a phase transition. We illustrate how self-organised localisation could account for the observed near-criticality of the Higgs self-coupling, the naturalness of the Higgs mass, or the smallness of the cosmological constant.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJHEP(2021)·68 citations
17. 17*

    Radiative neutrino masses, lepton flavor mixing and muon $g-2$ in a leptoquark model

    Di Zhang🇨🇳

    We propose a leptoquark model with two scalar leptoquarks $S_1^{}\left(\bar{3},1,\frac{1}{3}\right)$ and ${\tilde{R}}_2^{}\left(3,2,\frac{1}{6}\right)$ to give a combined explanation of neutrino masses, lepton flavor mixing and the anomaly of muon $g-2$, satisfying the constraints from the radiative decays of charged leptons. The neutrino masses are generated via one-loop corrections resulting from a mixing between $S_1^{}$ and ${\tilde{R}}_2^{}$. With a set of specific textures for the leptoquark Yukawa coupling matrices, the neutrino mass matrix possesses an approximate $\mu$-$\tau$ reflection symmetry with ${\left(M_{\nu }^{}\right)}_{ee}^{}=0$ only in favor of the normal neutrino mass ordering. We show that this model can successfully explain the anomaly of muon $g-2$ and current experimental neutrino oscillation data under the constraints from the radiative decays of charged leptons.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2021)·52 citations
18. 18*

    $|V_{cb}|$ and $R(D^{(\ast )})$ using lattice QCD and unitarity

    G. Martinelli🇮🇹 · S. Simula🇮🇹 · L. Vittorio🇮🇹

    The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $|V_{cb}|$ is extracted from exclusive semileptonic $B\to D^{(\ast )}$ decays adopting a novel unitarity-based approach which allows to determine in a full non-perturbative way the relevant hadronic form factors (FFs) in the whole kinematical range. By using existing lattice computations of the $B\to D^{(\ast )}$ FFs at small recoil from FNAL/MILC and JLQCD Collaborations, we show that it is possible to extrapolate their behavior also at large recoil without assuming any specific momentum dependence and without constraining their shape using experimental data. Thus, we address the extraction of $|V_{cb}|$ from the experimental data on the semileptonic $B\to D^{(\ast )}\ell {\nu }_{\ell }$ decays, obtaining $|V_{cb}|=(41.0\pm 1.2)\cdot 10^{-3}$ from $B\to D$ using as input the final FNAL/MILC lattice data for the FFs and $|V_{cb}|=(40.4\pm 1.8)\cdot 10^{-3}$ from $B\to D^{\ast }$ using the preliminary JLQCD lattice data. Our result from $B\to D$ is consistent within $\sim 1$ standard deviation with the most recent inclusive determination $|V_{cb}{|}_{incl}=(42.00\pm 0.65)\cdot 10^{-3}$. The resulting uncertainty is comparable with those obtained in literature using experimental data to constrain the shape of the FFs. Our result from $B\to D^{\ast }$, though consistent with $|V_{cb}{|}_{incl}$, is still based on preliminary lattice data for the FFs and its uncertainty is greater than the ones obtained in literature using experimental data to constrain the shape of the FFs. We investigate also the issue of Lepton Flavor Universality thanks to new theoretical estimates of the ratios $R(D^{(\ast )})$, namely $R(D)=0.296(8)$ using final FNAL/MILC lattice results, and $R(D^{\ast })=0.261(20)$ using preliminary JLQCD and FNAL/MILC lattice data. Our findings differ by $\sim 1.4\sigma$ from the latest experimental determinations.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2022)·106 citations
19. 19*

    Quantum algorithm for Feynman loop integrals

    Selomit Ramírez-Uribe🇪🇸 · Andrés E. Rentería-Olivo🇪🇸 · Germán Rodrigo🇪🇸 · German F. R. Sborlini🇩🇪 · Luiz Vale Silva🇪🇸

    We present a novel benchmark application of a quantum algorithm to Feynman loop integrals. The two on-shell states of a Feynman propagator are identified with the two states of a qubit and a quantum algorithm is used to unfold the causal singular configurations of multiloop Feynman diagrams. To identify such configurations, we exploit Grover's algorithm for querying multiple solutions over unstructured datasets, which presents a quadratic speed-up over classical algorithms when the number of solutions is much smaller than the number of possible configurations. A suitable modification is introduced to deal with topologies in which the number of causal states to be identified is nearly half of the total number of states. The output of the quantum algorithm in \emph{IBM Quantum} and \emph{QUTE Testbed} simulators is used to bootstrap the causal representation in the loop-tree duality of representative multiloop topologies. The algorithm may also find application and interest in graph theory to solve problems involving directed acyclic graphs.

    hep-phhep-thquant-phJHEP(2022)·61 citations
20. 20*

    Axion Quark Nuggets. Dark Matter and Matter-Antimatter asymmetry: theory, observations and future experiments

    Ariel Zhitnitsky🇨🇦

    We review a testable, the axion quark nugget (AQN) model outside of the standard WIMP paradigm. The model was originally invented to explain the observed similarity between the dark and the visible components, ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{DM}}\approx {\Omega }_{\mathrm{visible}}$ in a natural way as both types of matter are formed during the same QCD transition and proportional to the same dimensional fundamental parameter of the system, ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}$. In this framework the baryogenesis is actually a charge segregation (rather than charge generation) process which is operational due to the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-odd axion field,while the global baryon number of the Universe remains zero. The nuggets and anti-nuggets are strongly interacting but macroscopically large objects with approximately nuclear density. We overview several specific recent applications of this framework. First, we discuss the "solar corona mystery" when the so-called nanoflares are identified with the AQN annihilation events in corona. Secondly, we review a proposal that the recently observed by the Telescope Array puzzling events is a result of the annihilation events of the AQNs under thunderstorm. Finally, we overview a broadband strategy which could lead to the discovery the AQN-induced axions representing the heart of the construction.

    hep-phastro-ph.COphysics.ao-phphysics.ins-detMod.Phys.Lett.A(2021)·48 citations
21. 21*

    A determination of unpolarised pion fragmentation functions using semi-inclusive deep-inelastic-scattering data: MAPFF1.0

    Rabah Abdul Khalek🇳🇱 · Valerio Bertone🇫🇷 · Emanuele R. Nocera🇬🇧

    We present MAPFF1.0, a determination of unpolarised charged-pion fragmentation functions (FFs) from a set of single-inclusive $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation and lepton-nucleon semi-inclusive deep-inelastic-scattering (SIDIS) data. FFs are parametrised in terms of a neural network (NN) and fitted to data exploiting the knowledge of the analytic derivative of the NN itself w.r.t. its free parameters. Uncertainties on the FFs are determined by means of the Monte Carlo sampling method properly accounting for all sources of experimental uncertainties, including that of parton distribution functions. Theoretical predictions for the relevant observables, as well as evolution effects, are computed to next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in perturbative QCD. We exploit the flavour sensitivity of the SIDIS measurements delivered by the HERMES and COMPASS experiments to determine a minimally-biased set of seven independent FF combinations. Moreover, we discuss the quality of the fit to the SIDIS data with low virtuality $Q^2$ showing that, as expected, low-$Q^2$ SIDIS measurements are generally harder to describe within a NLO-accurate perturbative framework.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·76 citations
22. 22*

    Higgs to charm quarks in vector boson fusion plus a photon

    Ben Carlson🇺🇸 · Tao Han🇺🇸 · Sze Ching Iris Leung🇺🇸

    Experimentally probing the charm-Yukawa coupling in the LHC experiments is important, but very challenging due to an enormous QCD background. We study a new channel that can be used to search for the Higgs decay $H\to c\bar{c}$, using the vector boson fusion (VBF) mechanism with an associated photon. In addition to suppressing the QCD background, the photon gives an effective trigger handle. We discuss the trigger implications of this final state that can be utilized in ATLAS and CMS. We propose a novel search strategy for $H\to c\bar{c}$ in association with VBF jets and a photon, where we find a projected sensitivity of about 13 times the SM charm-Yukawa coupling at 95$\%$ ${\text{CL}}_s$ at High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Our result is comparable and complementary to existing projections at the HL-LHC. We also discuss the implications of increasing the center of mass collision energy to 30 TeV and 100 TeV.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2021)·12 citations
23. 23*

    N-photon amplitudes in a plane-wave background

    James P. Edwards🇲🇽 · Christian Schubert🇲🇽

    We use the worldline formalism to derive master formulas for the one-loop N-photon amplitudes in a plane-wave background, for both scalar and spinor QED. This generalises previous work by Ilderton and Torgrimsson for the vacuum polarisation case, although with some change in methodology since, instead of evaluating the path integral on the semi-classical trajectory, we use the special kinematics of the plane-wave background to uncover the crypto-gaussian character of this type of worldline path integral.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPLB(2021)·30 citations
24. 24*

    Revisiting CMB constraints on dark matter annihilation

    Masahiro Kawasaki🇯🇵 · Hiromasa Nakatsuka🇯🇵 · Kazunori Nakayama🇯🇵 · Toyokazu Sekiguchi🇯🇵

    The precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum put a strong constraint on the dark matter annihilation cross section since the electromagnetic energy injection by the dark matter annihilation affects the ionization history of the universe. In this paper, we update our previous simulation code for calculating the ionization history with the effect of dark matter annihilation by including Helium interactions and improving the precision of calculations. We give an updated constraint on the annihilation cross section and mass of dark matter using the modified RECFAST code with the Planck 2018 datasets.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2021)·58 citations
25. 25*

    Dark matter Axion search with riNg Cavity Experiment DANCE: Development of control system for long-term measurement

    Hiroki Fujimoto🇯🇵 · Yuka Oshima🇯🇵 · Masaki Ando🇯🇵 · Tomohiro Fujita🇯🇵 · Yuta Michimura🇯🇵 · Koji Nagano🇯🇵 · Ippei Obata🇩🇪

    Axion-like particles (ALPs) are pseudo-scalar particles that are candidates for ultralight dark matter. ALPs interact with photons slightly and cause the rotational oscillation of linear polarization. DANCE searches for ALP dark matter by enhancing the rotational oscillation in a bow-tie ring cavity. The signal to noise ratio of DANCE can be improved by long-term observation, and we are planning a year-long observation for the final DANCE. In this document, I will report on the control systems of the ring cavity we developed for the future long-term observation.

    ↳ physics.ins-detastro-ph.IMhep-ph3 citations
26. 26*

    On $S$-Matrix Exclusion of de Sitter and Naturalness

    Gia Dvali🇩🇪

    The cosmological constant puzzle, traditionally viewed as a naturalness problem, is evidently nullified by the $S$-matrix formulation of quantum gravity/string theory. We point out an implication of this fact for another naturalness puzzle, the Hierarchy Problem between the weak and Planck scales. By eliminating the landscape of de Sitter vacua and eternal inflation, the $S$-matrix formulation exhibits an obvious tension with the explanations based on anthropic selection or cosmological relaxation of the Higgs mass. This sharpens the Hierarchy Problem in a profound way. On one hand, it strengthens the case for explanations based on new physics not far from the weak scale. At the same time, it opens up a question, whether instead the hierarchy is imposed by the $S$-matrix consistency between the Standard Model and gravity.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph16 citations
27. 27*

    CMB and 21cm bounds on early structure formation boosted by primordial black hole entropy fluctuations

    Hiroyuki Tashiro🇯🇵 · Kenji Kadota🇰🇷

    The dark matter (DM) can consist of the primordial black holes (PBHs) in addition to the conventional weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The Poisson fluctuations of the PBH number density produce the isocurvature perturbations which can dominate the matter power spectrum at small scales and enhance the early structure formation. We study how the WIMP annihilation from those early formed structures can affect the CMB (in particular the E-mode polarization anisotropies and $y$-type spectral distortions) and global 21cm signals. Our studies would be of particular interest for the light (sub-GeV) WIMP scenarios which have been less explored compared with the mixed DM scenarios consisting of PBHs and heavy ($\gtrsim 1$ GeV) WIMPs. For instance, for the self-annihilating DM mass $m_{\chi }=1$ MeV and the thermally averaged annihilation cross section $⟨\sigma v⟩\sim 10^{-30}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^3/s$, the latest Planck CMB data requires the PBH fraction with respect to the whole DM to be at most $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ for the sub-solar mass PBHs and an even tighter bound (by a factor $\sim 5$) can be obtained from the global 21-cm measurements.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2021)·13 citations
28. 28*

    Conceptual aspects for the improvement of the reconstruction of $b$- and $c$-jets at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Higgs Factories with ParticleFlow detectors

    Yasser Radkhorrami🇩🇪 · Jenny List🇩🇪

    The Higgs boson decay modes to $b$ and $c$ quarks are crucial for many Higgs precision measurements. The presence of semileptonic decays in the jets originating from $b$ and $c$ quarks causes missing energy due to the undetectable neutrinos. A correction for the missing neutrino momenta can be derived from the kinematics of the decay up to a two-fold ambiguity. The correct solution can be identified by a kinematic fit, which exploits the well-known initial state at an $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider by adjusting the measured quantities within their uncertainties to fulfill the kinematic constraints. The ParticleFlow concept, based on the reconstruction of individual particles in a jet allows understanding the individual jet-level uncertainties at an unprecedented level. The modeling of the jet uncertainties and the resulting fit performance will be discussed for the example of the ILD detector. Applied to $H\to b\bar{b}/c\bar{c}$ events, the combination of the neutrino correction with the kinematic fit improves the Higgs mass reconstruction significantly, both in terms of resolution and peak position.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph9 citations
29. 29*

    $O(d,d)$ symmetry in teleparallel dark energy

    Andronikos Paliathanasis🇿🇦

    An important characteristic of the Dilaton cosmological model is the Gasperini-Veneziano duality transformation which follows from the existence of the $O\left(d,d\right)$ symmetry. In this study, we consider the equivalent Dilaton theory in teleparallel dark energy with the $O\left(d,d\right)$ symmetry, while the equivalent teleparallel-duality transformation is presented. The classical solution of the field equations is derived. Finally the Wheeler-DeWitt equation of quantum cosmology is discussed.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2021)·11 citations
30. 30*

    Uncertainty Aware Learning for High Energy Physics

    Aishik Ghosh🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · Daniel Whiteson🇺🇸

    Machine learning techniques are becoming an integral component of data analysis in High Energy Physics (HEP). These tools provide a significant improvement in sensitivity over traditional analyses by exploiting subtle patterns in high-dimensional feature spaces. These subtle patterns may not be well-modeled by the simulations used for training machine learning methods, resulting in an enhanced sensitivity to systematic uncertainties. Contrary to the traditional wisdom of constructing an analysis strategy that is invariant to systematic uncertainties, we study the use of a classifier that is fully aware of uncertainties and their corresponding nuisance parameters. We show that this dependence can actually enhance the sensitivity to parameters of interest. Studies are performed using a synthetic Gaussian dataset as well as a more realistic HEP dataset based on Higgs boson decays to tau leptons. For both cases, we show that the uncertainty aware approach can achieve a better sensitivity than alternative machine learning strategies.

    ↳ physics.data-anhep-exhep-phPRD(2021)·66 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.