Thu·Apr 15, 2021Thursday·April 15, 2021

1. 01*

   $K\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ as a clean probe of short-distance physics

   Avital Dery🇺🇸 · Mitrajyoti Ghosh🇺🇸 · Yuval Grossman🇺🇸 · Stefan Schacht🇬🇧

   The $K\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decay is often considered to be uninformative of fundamental theory parameters since the decay is polluted by long-distance hadronic effects. We demonstrate that, using very mild assumptions and utilizing time-dependent interference effects, $\mathcal{B}(K_S\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{)}_{\ell =0}$ can be experimentally determined without the need to separate the $\ell =0$ and $\ell =1$ final states. This quantity is very clean theoretically and can be used to test the Standard Model. In particular, it can be used to extract the CKM matrix element combination $\left|V_{ts}{V}_{td}\sin (\beta +{\beta }_s)\right|\approx |A^2{\lambda }^5\bar{\eta }|$ with hadronic uncertainties below $1\%$.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2021)·49 citations
2. 02*

   Pure annihilation decays of $B_s^0\to a_0^{+}{a}_0^{-}$ and $B_d^0\to K_0^{\ast +}{K}_0^{\ast -}$ in the PQCD approach

   Yutong Chen🇨🇳 · Zewen Jiang🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳

   We study the {\it CP}-averaged branching fractions and the {\it CP}-violating asymmetries in the pure annihilation decays of $B_s^0\to a_0^{+}{a}_0^{-}$ and $B_d^0\to K_0^{\ast +}{K}_0^{\ast -}$, where $a_0[K_0^{\ast }]$ denotes the scalar $a_0(980)$ and $a_0(1450)$ [$K_0^{\ast }(800)(\mathrm{or}\kappa )$ and $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$], with the perturbative QCD factorization approach under the assumption of two-quark structure for the $a_0$ and $K_0^{\ast }$ states. The numerical results show that the branching ratios of the $B_d^0\to K_0^{\ast +}{K}_0^{\ast -}$ decays are in the order of $10^{-6}$, while the decay rates of the $B_s^0\to a_0^{+}{a}_0^{-}$ modes are in the order of $10^{-5}$. In light of the measured modes with the same quark components in the pseudoscalar sector, namely, $B_d^0\to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ and $B_s^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, the predictions for the considered decay modes in this work are expected to be measured at the Large Hadron Collider beauty and/or Belle-II experiments in the (near) future. Meanwhile, it is of great interest to find that the twist-3 distribution amplitudes ${\varphi }^S$ and ${\varphi }^T$ with inclusion of the Gegenbauer polynomials for the scalar $a_0(1450)$ and $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ states in scenario 2 contribute slightly to the branching ratios while significantly to the {\it CP} violations in the $B_d^0\to K_0^{\ast }(1430{)}^{+}{K}_0^{\ast }(1430{)}^{-}$ and $B_s^0\to a_0(1450{)}^{+}{a}_0(1450{)}^{-}$ decays, which indicates that, compared to the asymptotic ${\varphi }^S$ and ${\varphi }^T$, these Gegenbauer polynomials could change the strong phases evidently in these pure annihilation decay channels. These predictions await for the future confirmation experimentally, which could further provide useful information to help explore the inner structure of the scalars and shed light on the annihilation decay mechanism.

   hep-phCommun.Theor.Phys.(2021)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Axion-like particle inflation and dark matter

   Wei Cheng🇨🇳 · Ligong Bian🇨🇳 · Yu-Feng Zhou🇨🇳

   In this paper, we propose a generalized natural inflation (GNI) model to study axion-like particle (ALP) inflation and dark matter (DM). GNI contains two additional parameters $(n_1,n_2)$ in comparison with the natural inflation, that make GNI more general. The $n_1$ build the connection between GNI and other ALP inflation model, $n_2$ controls the inflaton mass. After considering the cosmic microwave background and other cosmological observation limits, the model can realize small-field inflation with a wide mass range, and the ALP inflaton considering here can serve as the DM candidate for certain parameter spaces.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-thPRD(2021)·6 citations
4. 04*

   A comprehensive study of vector leptoquark with $U(1{)}_{B_3-L_2}$ on the $B$-meson and Muon g-2 anomalies

   Kayoung Ban🇰🇷 · Yongsoo Jho🇰🇷 · Youngjoon Kwon🇰🇷 · Seong Chan Park🇰🇷 · Seokhee Park🇯🇵 · Po-Yan Tseng🇰🇷

   Recently reported anomalies in various $B$ meson decays and also in the anomalous magnetic moment of muon $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ motivate us to consider a particular extension of the standard model incorporating new interactions in lepton and quark sectors simultaneously. Our minimal choice would be leptoquark. In particular, we take vector leptoquark ($U_1$) and comprehensively study all related observables including $(g-2{)}_{\mu },R_{K^{(\ast )}},R_{D^{(\ast )}}$, $B\to (K)\ell {\ell }^{\prime }$ where $\ell {\ell }^{\prime }$ are various combinations of $\mu$ and $\tau$, and also lepton flavor violation in the $\tau$ decays. We find that a hybrid scenario with additional $U(1{)}_{B_3-L_2}$ gauge boson provides a common explanation of all these anomalies.

   hep-phPTEP(2023)·19 citations
5. 05*

   The TopFlavor scheme in the context of $W^{\prime }$ searches at LHC

   Roberta Calabrese🇮🇹 · Agostino De Iorio🇮🇹 · Damiano F.G. Fiorillo🇮🇹 · Alberto Orso Maria Iorio🇮🇹 · Stefano Morisi🇮🇹 · Gennaro Miele🇮🇹

   Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of new charged or neutral gauge bosons, with a wide variety of phenomenological implications depending on the model adopted. The search for such particles is extensively carried through at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and it is therefore of crucial importance to have for each proposed scenario quantitative predictions that can be matched to experiments. In this work we focus on the implications of one of these models, the TopFlavor Model, proposing a charged ${\text{W}}^{\prime }$ boson that has preferential couplings to the third generation fermions. We compare such predictions to the ones from the so called Sequential Standard Model (SSM), that is used as benchmark, being one of the simplest and most commonly considered models for searches at the LHC. We identify the parameter space still open for searches at the LHC, and in particular we show that the cross section for the processes $pp\to {\text{W}}^{\prime }\to \tau \nu$ and $pp\to {\text{W}}^{\prime }\to tb$ can be up to two orders of magnitude smaller with respect to the SSM, depending on the free parameters of the model, like the particle mass and its width. This study makes the case for further searches at the LHC, and shows how a complete and systematic model independent analysis of ${\text{W}}^{\prime }$ boson phenomenology at colliders is essential to provide guidance for future searches.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2021)·9 citations
6. 06*

   Meson production in air showers and the search for light exotic particles

   M. Kachelriess🇳🇴 · J. Tjemsland🇳🇴

   Decays of mesons produced in cosmic ray induced air showers in Earth's atmosphere can lead to a flux of light exotic particles which can be detected in underground experiments. We evaluate the energy spectra of the light neutral mesons ${\pi }^0$, $\eta$, ${\rho }^0$, $\omega$, $\varphi$ and $J/\psi$ produced in interactions of cosmic ray protons and helium nuclei with air using QCD inspired event generators. Summing up the mesons produced in the individual hadronic interactions of air showers, we obtain the resulting fluxes of undecayed mesons. As an application, we re-consider the case of millicharged particles created in the electromagnetic decay channels of neutral mesons.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEAstropart.Phys.(2021)·16 citations
7. 07*

   The Higgs boson -- its implications and prospects for future discoveries

   Steven D. Bass🇵🇱 · Albert De Roeck🇨🇭 · Marumi Kado🇮🇹

   The Higgs boson, a fundamental scalar, was discovered at CERN in 2012 with mass 125 GeV, a mass that turned out to be a remarkable choice of Nature. In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs boson is closely linked to the mechanism that gives mass to the W and Z gauge bosons that mediate the weak interactions and to the charged fermions. Following discovery of the Higgs boson, present measurements at the Large Hadron Collider are focused on testing the Higgs boson's couplings to other elementary particles, precision measurements of the Higgs boson's properties and initial investigation of the Higgs boson's self-interaction and shape of the Higgs potential. With the Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV the vacuum sits very close to the border of stable and metastable, which may be a hint to deeper physics beyond the Standard Model. The Higgs potential also plays an important role in ideas about the cosmological constant or dark energy that drives the accelerating expansion of the Universe, the mysterious dark matter that comprises about 80% of the matter component in the Universe, as well as a possible phase transition in the early Universe that might be responsible for baryogenesis. Detailed study of the Higgs boson is at the centre of the recent European Strategy for Particle Physics update. Here we review the present status of this physics and discuss the new insights expected from present and future experiments.

   hep-phhep-exNature Rev.Phys.(2021)·68 citations
8. 08*

   Testing Lepton Flavour Universality in ${\rm Y}(4S)$ Decays

   Sébastien Descotes-Genon🇫🇷 · Svjetlana Fajfer🇸🇮 · Jernej F. Kamenik🇸🇮 · Martín Novoa-Brunet🇫🇷

   We propose a novel method to probe the persistent hints of Lepton Flavour Universality violation observed in semileptonic $B$ decays. Relying on the specific properties of the Belle II experiment, it consists in comparing the inclusive rates of ${\rm Y}(4S)\to e^{\pm }{\mu }^{\mp }X$, ${\rm Y}(4S)\to {\mu }^{\pm }{\tau }_{\mathrm{had}}^{\mp }X$ and ${\rm Y}(4S)\to e^{\pm }{\tau }_{\mathrm{had}}^{\mp }X$. We show that such a measurement can be directly related to the ratio $R(X{)}_{\tau \ell }\equiv \Gamma (b\to X\tau \nu )/\Gamma (b\to X\ell \nu )$ ($\ell =e$ or $\mu$), once appropriate experimental cuts are applied to suppress the effects of neutral $B$ mixing and leptons emitted through charm or tau decays. Such a measurement would thus constitute an additional and potentially competitive probe of Lepton Flavour Universality in $b\to c\ell \nu$ transitions, complementary to existing exclusive measurements, accessible in the Belle II environment.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2021)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Muon $g-2$ discrepancy within D-brane string compactifications

   Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Xing Huang🇨🇳 · Dieter Lust🇩🇪 · Tomasz R. Taylor🇺🇸

   Very recently, the Muon $g-2$ experiment at Fermilab has confirmed the E821 Brookhaven result, which hinted at a deviation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment from the Standard Model (SM) expectation. The combined results from Brookhaven and Fermilab show a difference with the SM prediction $\delta a_{\mu }=(251\pm 59)\times 10^{-11}$ at a significance of $4.2\sigma$, strongly indicating the presence of new physics. Motivated by this new result we reexamine the contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment from both: (i)~the ubiquitous $U(1)$ gauge bosons of D-brane string theory constructions and (ii)~the Regge excitations of the string. We show that, for a string scale $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{PeV})$, the contribution from anomalous $U(1)$ gauge bosons which couple to hadrons could help to reduce (though not fully eliminate) the discrepancy reported by the Muon $g-2$ Collaboration. Consistency with null results from LHC searches of new heavy vector bosons imparts the dominant constraint. We demonstrate that the contribution from Regge excitations is strongly suppressed as it was previously conjectured. We also comment on contributions from Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes, which could help resolve the $\delta a_{\mu }$ discrepancy. In particular, we argue that for 4-stack intersecting D-brane models, the KK excitations of the $U(1)$ boson living on the lepton brane would not couple to hadrons and therefore can evade the LHC bounds while fully bridging the $\delta a_{\mu }$ gap observed at Brookhaven and Fermilab.

   hep-phhep-thFortsch.Phys.(2021)·12 citations
10. 10*

    Neutrino Masses, Leptonic Flavor Mixing and Muon $(g-2)$ in the Seesaw Model with the $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }^{}-L_{\tau }^{}}^{}$ Gauge Symmetry

    Shun Zhou🇨🇳

    The latest measurements of the anomalous muon magnetic moment $a_{\mu }^{}\equiv (g_{\mu }^{}-2)/2$ show a $4.2\sigma$ discrepancy between the theoretical prediction of the Standard Model and the experimental observations. In order to account for such a discrepancy, we consider a possible extension of the type-(I+II) seesaw model for neutrino mass generation with a gauged $L_{\mu }^{}-L_{\tau }^{}$ symmetry. By explicitly constructing an economical model with only one extra scalar singlet, we demonstrate that the gauge symmetry $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }^{}-L_{\tau }^{}}^{}$ and its spontaneous breaking are crucially important not only for explaining the muon $(g-2)$ result but also for generating neutrino masses and leptonic flavor mixing. Various phenomenological implications and experimental constraints on the model parameters are also discussed.

    hep-phCPC(2022)·33 citations
11. 11*

    pfd-parallel, a Singular/GPI-Space package for massively parallel multivariate partial fractioning

    Dominik Bendle · Janko Boehm · Murray Heymann · Rourou Ma · Mirko Rahn · Lukas Ristau · Marcel Wittmann · Zihao Wu · Yang Zhang

    Multivariate partial fractioning is a powerful tool for simplifying rational function coefficients in scattering amplitude computations. Since current research problems lead to large sets of complicated rational functions, performance of the partial fractioning as well as size of the obtained expressions are a prime concern. We develop a large scale parallel framework for multivariate partial fractioning, which implements and combines an improved version of Leinartas' algorithm and the {\sc MultivariateApart} algorithm. Our approach relies only on open source software. It combines parallelism over the different rational function coefficients with parallelism for individual expressions. The implementation is based on the \textsc{Singular}/\textsc{GPI-Space framework} for massively parallel computer algebra, which formulates parallel algorithms in terms of Petri nets. The modular nature of this approach allows for easy incorporation of future algorithmic developments into our package. We demonstrate the performance of our framework by simplifying expressions arising from current multiloop scattering amplitude problems.

    hep-phhep-thComput.Phys.Commun.(2024)·33 citations
12. 12*

    Aspects of Lorentz-Poincaré-symmetry violating physics in a supersymmetric scenario

    Patricio Gaete🇨🇱 · J. A. Helayël-Neto🇧🇷 · Alessandro D. A. M. Spallicci🇫🇷

    We study a Lorentz invariance violating extension for the pure photonic sector of the standard model in a supersymmetric scenario. We identify a number of independent background fermion condensates. An effective photonic action is proposed which is induced by the SUSY background fermion condensates. The physical consequences leading to direct measurable effects over the screening and confining properties are considered. In the specific case of the Carroll-Field-Jackiw, we pay special attention in analyzing the dispersion relations to derive the photon and photino masses in terms of the supersymmetric background parameters. In connection with astrophysical aspects of Lorentz-symmetry violation, we discuss the time delay between electromagnetic waves of different frequencies as a consequence of the appearance of the massive photon. We also point out that, in the scenario we propose to accommodate Lorentz-symmetry violation in presence of a supersymmetric background, there is room for a sort of fermionic Primakoff effect in which a photino-photon conversion may be induced by the fermionic sector of the supersymmetric background.

    hep-ph1 citation
13. 13*

    Jet Angularities in Z+jet production at the LHC

    Simone Caletti🇮🇹 · Oleh Fedkevych🇮🇹 · Simone Marzani🇮🇹 · Daniel Reichelt🇩🇪 · Steffen Schumann🇩🇪 · Gregory Soyez🇫🇷 · Vincent Theeuwes🇩🇪

    We present a phenomenological study of angularities measured on the highest transverse-momentum jet in LHC events that feature the associate production of a $Z$ boson and one or more jets. In particular, we study angularity distributions that are measured on jets with and without the SoftDrop grooming procedure. We begin our analysis exploiting state-of-the-art Monte Carlo parton shower simulations and we quantitatively assess the impact of next-to-leading order (NLO) matching and merging procedures. We then move to analytic resummation and arrive at an all-order expression that features the resummation of large logarithms at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy (NLL) and is matched to the exact NLO result. Our predictions include the effect of soft emissions at large angles, treated as a power expansion in the jet radius, and non-global logarithms. Furthermore, matching to fixed-order is performed in such a way to ensure what is usually referred to as NLL${}^{\prime }$ accuracy. Our results account for realistic experimental cuts and can be easily compared to upcoming measurements of jet angularities from the LHC collaborations.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2021)·68 citations
14. 14*

    Searching for Monopoles via Monopolium Multiphoton Decays

    Neil D. Barrie🇰🇷 · Akio Sugamoto🇯🇵 · Matthew Talia🇵🇱 · Kimiko Yamashita🇨🇳

    We explore the phenomenology of a model of monopolium based on an electromagnetic dual formulation of Zwanziger and lattice gauge theory. The monopole is assumed to have a finite-sized inner structure based on a 't Hooft-Polyakov like solution, with the magnetic charge uniformly distributed on the surface of a sphere. The monopole and anti-monopole potential becomes linear plus Coulomb outside the sphere, analogous to the Cornell potential utilised in the study of quarkonium states. Discovery of a resonance feature in the diphoton channel as well as in a higher multiplicity photon channel would be a smoking gun for the existence of monopoles within this monopolium construction, with the mass and bound state properties extractable. Utilising the current LHC results in the diphoton channel, constraints on the monopole mass are determined for a wide range of model parameters. These are compared to the most recent MoEDAL results and found to be significantly more stringent in certain parameter regions, providing strong motivation for exploring higher multiplicity photon final state searches.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thNPB(2021)·11 citations
15. 15*

    Isovector EMC effect from global QCD analysis with MARATHON data

    C. Cocuzza🇺🇸 · C. E. Keppel🇺🇸 · H. Liu🇺🇸 · W. Melnitchouk🇺🇸 · A. Metz🇺🇸 · N. Sato🇺🇸 · A. W. Thomas🇦🇺

    We report the results of a Monte Carlo global QCD analysis of unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs), including for the first time constraints from ratios of ${}^3$He to ${}^3$H structure functions recently obtained by the MARATHON experiment at Jefferson Lab. Our simultaneous analysis of nucleon PDFs and nuclear effects in $A=2$ and $A=3$ nuclei reveals the first indication for an isovector nuclear EMC effect in light nuclei. We find that while the MARATHON data yield relatively weak constraints on the $F_2^n/F_2^p$ neutron to proton structure function ratio and on the $d/u$ PDF ratio, they suggest an enhanced nuclear effect on the $d$-quark PDF in the bound proton, questioning the assumptions commonly made in nuclear PDF analyses.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2021)·56 citations
16. 16*

    Probing NSI in Atmospheric Neutrino Experiments using Oscillation Dip and Valley

    Anil Kumar🇮🇳 · Amina Khatun🇸🇰 · Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla🇮🇳 · Amol Dighe🇮🇳

    We propose a new approach to probe neutral-current non-standard neutrino interaction parameter ${\epsilon }_{\mu \tau }$ using the oscillation dip and oscillation valley. Using the simulated ratio of upward-going and downward-going reconstructed muon events at the upcoming ICAL detector, we demonstrate that the presence of non-zero ${\epsilon }_{\mu \tau }$ would result in the shift in the dip location as well as the bending of the oscillation valley. Thanks to the charge identification capability of ICAL, the opposite shifts in the locations of oscillation dips as well as the contrast in the curvatures of oscillation valleys for ${\mu }^{-}$ and ${\mu }^{+}$ is used to constrain $|{\epsilon }_{\mu \tau }|$ at 90% C.L. to about 2% using 500 kt$\cdot$yr exposure. Our procedure incorporates statistical fluctuations, uncertainties in oscillation parameters, and systematic errors.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.ins-detSpringer Proc.Phys.(2022)·0 citations
17. 17*

    Three-loop vertex integrals at symmetric point

    Andrey Pikelner🇷🇺

    This paper provides details of the massless three-loop three-point integrals calculation at the symmetric point. Our work aimed to extend known two-loop results for such integrals to the three-loop level. Obtained results can find their application in regularization-invariant symmetric point momentum-subtraction (RI/SMOM) scheme QCD calculations of renormalization group functions and various composite operator matrix elements. To calculate integrals, we solve differential equations for auxiliary integrals by transforming the system to the $\epsilon$-form. Calculated integrals are expressed through the basis of functions with uniform transcendental weight. We provide expansion up to the transcendental weight six for the basis functions in terms of harmonic polylogarithms with six-root of unity argument.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2021)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Leptophilic Composite Asymmetric Dark Matter and its Detection

    Mengchao Zhang🇨🇳

    We propose a model which explains the baryon asymmetry of the universe and dark matter relic density at the same time. In this model, dark matter candidate is the dark baryon composed by dark quarks. A scalar mediator, which couples to the standard model leptons and dark quarks, is introduced to generate the asymmetry of baryon and dark baryon simultaneously. Direct detection and collider detection of this model are studied. We find that current underground direct detection experiments and LHC can hardly detect this model. But future lepton colliders, such as CEPC, have great potential to detect a large portion of the model parameter space by "displaced lepton jet" signal.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·20 citations
19. 19*

    On the thermalisation of leptons from heavy-flavour meson decay in pp collisions

    Rahul Ramachandran Nair🇵🇱

    It is shown that the ${\mu }^{\pm }$ originating from the decay of heavy-flavour mesons in the simulated proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using the PYTHIA 8 event generator can be made into two groups based on the value of their light front variable such that one among these two groups of ${\mu }^{\pm }$ follow the Boltzmann statistics with a nearly isotropic angular distribution. A similar effect is not observed for $e^{\pm }$ from the decay of heavy-flavour mesons in these collisions.

    hep-ph0 citations
20. 20*

    Shear Viscosity at Infinite Coupling: A Field Theory Calculation

    Paul Romatschke🇺🇸

    I derive an exact integral expression for the ratio of shear viscosity over entropy density $\frac{\eta }{s}$ for the massless (critical) O(N) model at large N with quartic interactions. The calculation is set up and performed entirely from the field theory side using a non-perturbative resummation scheme that captures all contributions to leading order in large N. In 2+1d, $\frac{\eta }{s}$ is evaluated numerically at all values of the coupling. For infinite coupling, I find $\frac{\eta }{s}\simeq 0.42(1)\times N$. I show that this strong coupling result for the viscosity is universal for a large class of interacting bosonic O(N) models.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phnucl-thPRL(2021)·24 citations
21. 21*

    Localizable Particles in the Classical Limit of Quantum Field Theory

    Benjamin H. Feintzeig🇺🇸 · Jonah Librande🇺🇸 · Rory Soiffer🇨🇦

    A number of arguments purport to show that quantum field theory cannot be given an interpretation in terms of localizable particles. We show, in light of such arguments, that the classical $\hslash \to 0$ limit can aid our understanding of the particle content of quantum field theories. In particular, we demonstrate that for the massive Klein-Gordon field, the classical limits of number operators can be understood to encode local information about particles in the corresponding classical field theory.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-phhep-thmath-ph+1Found.Phys.(2021)·2 citations
22. 22*

    Induced Surface and Curvature Tensions Equation of State of Hadrons with Relativistic Excluded Volumes and its Relation to Morphological Thermodynamics

    K.A. Bugaev🇺🇦 · N.S. Yakovenko🇺🇦 · P.V. Oliinyk🇺🇦 · E.G. Nikonov🇷🇺 · D.B. Blaschke🇵🇱 · L.V. Bravina🇳🇴 · E.E. Zabrodin🇳🇴

    An analytical formula that accurately accounts for the Lorentz contraction of the excluded volume of two relativistic hadrons with hard-core repulsion is worked out. Using the obtained expression we heuristically derive the equation of state of Boltzmann particles with relativistic excluded volumes in terms of system pressure and its surface and curvature tension coefficients. The behavior of effective excluded volumes of lightest baryons and mesons is studied at very high temperatures (particle number densities) and for very large values of degeneracy factors. Several parameterizations of the obtained equation of state demonstrate a universal asymptotics of the effective excluded volume at high particle number densities. It is peculiar, that the found maximal packing fraction $\eta \simeq 0.75$ of Lorentz contracted particles is very close to the dense packing limit of classical hard spheres of same radius ${\eta }_{exc}\approx 0.74$. We show that the developed equation of state is the grand canonical formulation of the morphological thermodynamics approach applied to Lorentz contracted rigid spheres.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPhys.Scripta(2021)·1 citation
23. 23*

    Simulating MADMAX in 3D: Requirements for Dielectric Axion Haloscopes

    S. Knirck🇺🇸 · J. Schütte-Engel🇩🇪 · S. Beurthey🇫🇷 · D. Breitmoser🇩🇪 · A. Caldwell🇩🇪 · C. Diaconu🇫🇷 · J. Diehl🇩🇪 · J. Egge🇩🇪 · M. Esposito🇫🇷 · A. Gardikiotis🇩🇪 · E. Garutti🇩🇪 · S. Heyminck🇩🇪 and 29 other authors

    We present 3D calculations for dielectric haloscopes such as the currently envisioned MADMAX experiment. For ideal systems with perfectly flat, parallel and isotropic dielectric disks of finite diameter, we find that a geometrical form factor reduces the emitted power by up to $30\%$ compared to earlier 1D calculations. We derive the emitted beam shape, which is important for antenna design. We show that realistic dark matter axion velocities of $10^{-3}c$ and inhomogeneities of the external magnetic field at the scale of $10\%$ have negligible impact on the sensitivity of MADMAX. We investigate design requirements for which the emitted power changes by less than $20\%$ for a benchmark boost factor with a bandwidth of $50\mathrm{MHz}$ at $22\mathrm{GHz}$, corresponding to an axion mass of $90\mu \mathrm{eV}$. We find that the maximum allowed disk tilt is $100\mu \mathrm{m}$ divided by the disk diameter, the required disk planarity is $20\mu \mathrm{m}$ (min-to-max) or better, and the maximum allowed surface roughness is $100\mu \mathrm{m}$ (min-to-max). We show how using tiled dielectric disks glued together from multiple smaller patches can affect the beam shape and antenna coupling.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.ins-detJCAP(2021)·19 citations
24. 24*

    Search for the rare semi-leptonic decay $J/\psi \to D^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu }_e+c.c.$

    BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim · M. N. Achasov · P. Adlarson · S. Ahmed · M. Albrecht · R. Aliberti · A. Amoroso · M. R. An · Q. An · X. H. Bai · Y. Bai · O. Bakina and 504 other authors

    Using $10.1\times 10^9$ $J/\psi$ events produced by the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII) at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=3.097\mathrm{GeV}$ and collected with the BESIII detector, we present a search for the rare semi-leptonic decay $J/\psi \to D^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu }_e+c.c.$. No excess of signal above background is observed, and an upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to D^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu }_e+c.c.)<7.1\times 10^{-8}$ is obtained at $90\%$ confidence level. This is an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude over the previous best limit.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phJHEP(2021)·28 citations
25. 25*

    A pedagogical discussion of N = 1 four-dimensional supergravity in superspace

    Robin Ducrocq🇫🇷 · Michel Rausch de Traubenberg🇫🇷 · Mauricio Valenzuela🇨🇱

    A short introduction to N = 1 supergravity in four dimensions in the superspace approach is given emphasising on all steps to obtain the final Lagrangian. In particular starting from geometrical principles and the introduction of superfields in curved superspace, the action coupling matter and gauge fields to supergravity is derived. This review is based on the book -A supergravity Primer: From geometrical principles to the Final Lagrangian- and on several lectures given at the doctoral school of Strasbourg.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPMod.Phys.Lett.A(2021)·7 citations
26. 26*

    Ratio of kaon and pion leptonic decay constants with $N_f=2+1+1$ Wilson-clover twisted-mass fermions

    C. Alexandrou🇨🇾 · S. Bacchio🇨🇾 · G. Bergner🇩🇪 · P. Dimopoulos🇮🇹 · J. Finkenrath🇨🇾 · R. Frezzotti🇮🇹 · M. Garofalo🇩🇪 · B. Kostrzewa🇩🇪 · G. Koutsou🇨🇾 · P. Labus🇩🇪 · F. Sanfilippo🇮🇹 · S. Simula🇮🇹 and 3 other authors

    We present a determination of the ratio of kaon and pion leptonic decay constants in isosymmetric QCD (isoQCD), $f_K/f_{\pi }$, making use of the gauge ensembles produced by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) with $N_f=2+1+1$ flavors of Wilson-clover twisted-mass quarks, including configurations close to the physical point for all dynamical flavors. The simulations are carried out at three values of the lattice spacing ranging from $\sim 0.068$ to $\sim 0.092$ fm with linear lattice size up to $L\sim 5.5$~fm. The scale is set by the PDG value of the pion decay constant, $f_{\pi }^{isoQCD}=130.4(2)$ MeV, at the isoQCD pion point, $M_{\pi }^{isoQCD}=135.0(2)$ MeV, obtaining for the gradient-flow (GF) scales the values $w_0=0.17383(63)$ fm, $\sqrt{t_0}=0.14436(61)$ fm and $t_0/w_0=0.11969(62)$ fm. The data are analyzed within the framework of SU(2) Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) without resorting to the use of renormalized quark masses. At the isoQCD kaon point $M_K^{isoQCD}=494.2(4)$ MeV we get $(f_K/f_{\pi }{)}^{isoQCD}=1.1995(44)$, where the error includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties. Implications for the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $|V_{us}|$ and for the first-row CKM unitarity are discussed.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phPRD(2021)·74 citations
27. 27*

    Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge and strangeness in a background magnetic field

    H.-T. Ding🇨🇳 · S.-T. Li🇨🇳 · Q. Shi🇨🇳 · X.-D. Wang🇨🇳

    We present results on the second-order fluctuations of and correlations among net baryon number, electric charge and strangeness in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD in the presence of a background magnetic field. Simulations are performed using the tree-level improved gauge action and the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action with a fixed scale approach ($a\simeq$ 0.117 fm). The light quark mass is set to be 1/10 of the physical strange quark mass and the corresponding pion mass is about 220 MeV at vanishing magnetic field. Simulations are performed on $32^3\times N_{\tau }$ lattices with 9 values of $N_{\tau }$ varying from 96 to 6 corresponding to temperatures ranging from zero up to 281 MeV. The magnetic field strength $eB$ is simulated with 15 different values up to $\sim$2.5 GeV${}^2$ at each nonzero temperature. We find that quadratic fluctuations and correlations do not show any singular behavior at zero temperature in the current window of $eB$ while they develop peaked structures at nonzero temperatures as $eB$ grows. By comparing the electric charge-related fluctuations and correlations with hadron resonance gas model calculations and ideal gas limits we find that the changes in degrees of freedom start at lower temperatures in stronger magnetic fields. Significant effects induced by magnetic fields on the isospin symmetry and ratios of net baryon number and baryon-strangeness correlation to strangeness fluctuation are observed, which could be useful for probing the existence of a magnetic field in heavy-ion collision experiments.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-ex+1EPJA(2021)·56 citations
28. 28*

    Latin American HECAP Physics Briefing Book

    H. Aihara🇯🇵 · A. Aranda🇲🇽 · R. Camacho Toro🇫🇷 · M. Cambiaso🇨🇱 · M. Carena🇺🇸 · E. Carrera🇪🇨 · J. C. D'Olivo🇲🇽 · A. Gago🇵🇪 · T. Goncalves🇺🇸 · G. Herrera🇲🇽 · D. Lopez Nacir🇦🇷 · M. Losada🇦🇪 and 11 other authors

    For the first time the scientific community in Latin America working at the forefront of research in high energy, cosmology and astroparticle physics (HECAP) have come together to discuss and provide scientific input towards the development of a regional strategy. The present document, the Latin American HECAP Physics Briefing Book, is the result of this ambitious bottom-up effort. This report contains the work performed by the Preparatory Group to synthesize the main contributions and discussions for each of the topical working groups. This briefing book discusses the relevant emerging projects developing in the region and considers potentially impactful future initiatives and participation of the Latin American HECAP community in international flagship projects to provide the essential input for the creation of a long-term HECAP strategy in the region.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.IMhep-phnucl-ex2 citations
29. 29*

    Unified quark-hadron EoS and critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram

    David Blaschke🇷🇺

    We present a recent development towards a unified description of quark-hadron matter in the QCD phase diagram that is based on a cluster decomposition of the generalized Beth-Uhlenbeck approach to quark matter, selfconsistently coupled to Polyakov-loop and mesonic background fields. The Mott dissociation of hadrons under extreme conditions of temperature and density is triggered by chiral symmetry restoration and confining aspects are modeled by the coupling to the background mean fields. First results for the QCD phase diagram with the capability to describe critical endpoints as well as crossover-all-over are presented and an excellent agreement with lattice QCD on the temperature axis is obtained.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2021)·0 citations
30. 30*

    Reliability of lattice gauge theories in the thermodynamic limit

    Maarten Van Damme🇧🇪 · Haifeng Lang🇮🇹 · Philipp Hauke🇮🇹 · Jad C. Halimeh🇮🇹

    Although gauge invariance is a postulate in fundamental theories of nature such as quantum electrodynamics, in quantum-simulation implementations of gauge theories it is compromised by experimental imperfections. In a recent work [Halimeh and Hauke, \href{https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.030503}{Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{125}, 030503 (2020)}], it has been shown in finite-size spin-$1/2$ quantum link lattice gauge theories that upon introducing an energy-penalty term of sufficiently large strength $V$, unitary gauge-breaking errors at strength $\lambda$ are suppressed $\propto {\lambda }^2/V^2$ up to all accessible evolution times. Here, we show numerically that this result extends to quantum link models in the thermodynamic limit and with larger spin-$S$. As we show analytically, the dynamics at short times is described by an \textit{adjusted} gauge theory up to a timescale that is at earliest ${\tau }_{\text{adj}}\propto \sqrt{V/V_0^3}$, with $V_0$ an energy factor. Moreover, our analytics predicts that a renormalized gauge theory dominates at intermediate times up to a timescale ${\tau }_{\text{ren}}\propto \exp (V/V_0)/V_0$. In both emergent gauge theories, $V$ is volume-independent and scales at worst $\sim S^2$. Furthermore, we numerically demonstrate that robust gauge invariance is also retained through a single-body gauge-protection term, which is experimentally straightforward to implement in ultracold-atom setups and NISQ devices.

    ↳ cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.str-elhep-lathep-ph+1PRB(2023)·21 citations
31. 31*

    Core-Envelope Haloes in Scalar Field Dark Matter with Repulsive Self-Interaction: Fluid Dynamics Beyond the de Broglie Wavelength

    Taha Dawoodbhoy🇺🇸 · Paul R. Shapiro🇺🇸 · Tanja Rindler-Daller🇦🇹

    Scalar Field Dark Matter (SFDM) comprised of ultralight bosons has attracted great interest as an alternative to standard, collisionless Cold Dark Matter (CDM) because of its novel structure-formation dynamics, described by the coupled Schrödinger-Poisson equations. In the free-field ("fuzzy") limit of SFDM (FDM), structure is inhibited below the de Broglie wavelength, but resembles CDM on larger scales. Virialized haloes have "solitonic" cores of radius $\sim {\lambda }_{\text{deB}}$, surrounded by CDM-like envelopes. When a strong enough repulsive self-interaction (SI) is also present, structure can be inhibited below a second length scale, ${\lambda }_{\text{SI}}$, with ${\lambda }_{\text{SI}}>{\lambda }_{\text{deB}}$ -- called the Thomas-Fermi (TF) regime. FDM dynamics differs from CDM because of quantum pressure, and SFDM-TF differs further by adding SI pressure. In the small-${\lambda }_{\text{deB}}$ limit, however, we can model all three by fluid conservation equations for a compressible, $\gamma =5/3$ ideal gas, with ideal gas pressure sourced by internal velocity dispersion and, for the TF regime, an added SI pressure, $P_{\text{SI}}\propto {\rho }^2$. We use these fluid equations to simulate halo formation from gravitational collapse in 1D, spherical symmetry, demonstrating for the first time that SFDM-TF haloes form with cores the size of $R_{\text{TF}}$, the radius of an SI-pressure-supported $(n=1)$-polytrope, surrounded by CDM-like envelopes. In comparison with rotation curves of dwarf galaxies in the local Universe, SFDM-TF haloes pass the ["too-big-to-fail" + "cusp-core"]-test if $R_{\text{TF}}\gtrsim 1$ kpc.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phMNRAS(2021)·42 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.