Tue·Mar 16, 2021Tuesday·March 16, 2021

1. 01*

   Comparison of Validation Methods of Simulations for Final State Interactions in Hadron Production Experiments

   Steven Dytman🇺🇸 · Yoshinari Hayato🇯🇵 · Roland Raboanary🇲🇬 · Jan Sobczyk🇵🇱 · Julia Tena-Vidal🇬🇧 · Narisoa Vololoniaina🇲🇬

   Neutrino cross section and oscillation measurements depend critically on modeling of hadronic final state interactions (FSI). Often, this is one of the largest components of uncertainty in a measurement. This is because of the difficulty in modeling strong interactions in nuclei in a consistent quantum-mechanical framework. FSI models are most often validated using hadron-nucleus data which introduces further uncertainties. The alternative is to use transparency data where the hadron starts propagating from inside the nucleus and the probability of interaction is measured as a function of hadron energy. This work examines the relationship between the ${\pi }^{+}$ and proton total reaction cross section and transparency from a simulation viewpoint.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·95 citations
2. 02*

   Flux-mediated Dark Matter

   Yoo-Jin Kang🇰🇷 · Hyun Min Lee🇰🇷 · Adriana G. Menkara🇰🇷 · Jiseon Song🇰🇷

   We propose a new mechanism to communicate between fermion dark matter and the Standard Model (SM) only through the four-form flux. The four-form couplings are responsible for the relaxation of the Higgs mass to the correct value and the initial displacement of the reheating pseudo-scalar field from the minimum. We show that the simultaneous presence of the pseudo-scalar coupling to fermion dark matter and the flux-induced Higgs mixing gives rise to unsuppressed annihilations of dark matter into the SM particles at present, whereas the direct detection bounds from XENON1T can be avoided. We suggest exploring the interesting bulk parameter space of the model for which dark matter annihilates dominantly into a pair of singlet-like scalars with similar mass as for dark matter.

   hep-phJHEP(2021)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Dark Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty

   Eue-Jin Jeong🇺🇸 · Dennis Edmondson🇺🇸

   Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best-established principles in physics. As such, if there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, magnetic charge will most likely be a conserved quantity like electric charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have reported the possibility, the Earth should show signs of having magnetic monopole charge on a macroscopic scale since neutrons must also have magnetic monopole charge if general charge conservation principle is valid. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed to detect the collective effect of magnetic monopole charge of neutrons on the earth's equator using two balanced high strength neodymium rod magnets. We were able to identify non-zero magnetic monopole charge of the individual neutrons from the experiments. The presence of individual magnetic monopole charges in the universe prompted proposition of the new symmetric form of Maxwell's equations. Based on the theoretical investigation of these new Maxwell's equations, we concluded that magnetic monopole neutrinos are the cause of the origin of quantum mechanical uncertainty, dark energy and the medium for electromagnetic wave propagation in space.

   hep-ph0 citations
4. 04*

   Gravitational waves from axion-like particle cosmic string-wall networks

   Graciela B. Gelmini🇺🇸 · Anna Simpson🇺🇸 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇺🇸

   Axion-like particles (ALPs) are a compelling candidate for dark matter (DM), whose production is associated with the formation of a string-wall network. If walls bounded by strings persist, which requires the potential to have multiple local minima ($N>1$), they must annihilate before they become dominant. They annihilate mostly into gravitational waves and non-relativistic ALPs. We show that for ALPs other than the QCD axion these gravitational waves, if produced at temperatures below 100 eV, could be detected by future cosmological probes for ALPs with mass from $10^{-16}$ to $10^6$ eV that could constitute the entirety of the DM.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2021)·49 citations
5. 05*

   Rapidity gap distribution in diffractive dissociation: predictions for future electron-ion colliders

   Anh Dung Le🇫🇷

   We present predictions for the distribution of rapidity gaps in realistic kinematics of future electron-ion colliders, based on numerical solutions of the original Kovchegov-Levin equation and of its next-to-leading extension taking into account the running of the strong coupling. We find that for the rapidities we have considered, the fixed and the running coupling equations lead to different distributions, rather insensitive to the chosen prescription in the running coupling case. The obtained distributions for the fixed coupling framework exhibit a shape characteristic of a recently proposed partonic picture of diffractive dissociation already at rapidities accessible at future electron-ion colliders. The modification of this shape in the running coupling case can also be understood qualitatively from that picture. Our results confirm the relevance of measurements of such observables for the microscopic understanding of diffractive dissociation in the framework of quantum chromodynamics.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·6 citations
6. 06*

   The muon abundance in the primordial Universe

   Jan Rafelski🇺🇸 · Cheng Tao Yang🇺🇸

   Muon abundance is required for the understanding of several fundamental questions regarding properties of the primordial Universe. In this paper we evaluate the production and decay rates of muons in the cosmic plasma as a function of temperature. This allows us to determine when exactly the muon abundance disappears. When the Universe cools below the temperature $k{T}_{\mathrm{disappear}}\approx 4.135$ MeV the muon decay rate overwhelms production rates and muons vanish quasi-instantaneously from the Universe. Interestingly, we show that at $T_{\mathrm{disappear}}$ the muon number is nearly equal to baryon abundance.

   hep-phastro-ph.COnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.B(2021)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Superheavy WIMP dark matter from incomplete thermalization

   Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸 · Osamu Seto🇯🇵

   Although it is usually thought that a class of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matters (DMs), which have the vector coupling with the $Z$ boson, is denied by null results of the direct DM searches, such WIMP DMs are still viable if they are superheavy with the mass of $m_{DM}\gtrsim 10^9$ GeV. In the future, the superheavy WIMP DMs can be searched up to $m_{DM}\simeq 10^{12}$ GeV, which corresponds to the so-called neutrino floor limit. We show that the observed abundance of ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{DM}}{h}^2\simeq 0.1$ for a superheavy WIMP DM can be reproduced by a suitable reheating temperature of $T_R\simeq m_{DM}/29$ after inflation, if the direct inflaton decay into DM is negligible or kinematically forbidden.

   hep-phPLB(2021)·13 citations
8. 08*

   Quenching of jets tagged with $W$ bosons in high-energy nuclear collisions

   Shan-Liang Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang

   We carry out the first detailed calculations of jet production associated with $W$ gauge bosons in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In our calculations, the production of $W$+jet in p+p collisions as a reference is obtained by Sherpa, which performs next-to-leading-order matrix element calculations matched to the resummation of parton shower simulations, while jet propagation and medium response in the quark-gluon plasma are simulated with the Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model. We provide numerical predictions on seven observables of $W$+jet production with jet quenching in Pb+Pb collisions: the medium modification factor for the tagged jet cross sections $I_{AA}$, the distribution in invariant mass between the two leading jets in $N_{jets}\ge 2$ events $m_{jj}$, the missing $p_T$ or the vector sum of the lepton and jet transverse momentum $|{\vec{p}}_T^{Miss}|$, the summed scalar $p_T$ of all the jets in an event $S_T$, transverse momentum imbalance $x_{jW}$, average number of jets per $W$ boson $R_{jW}$, and azimuthal angle between the $W$ boson and jets $\Delta {\varphi }_{jW}$. The distinct nuclear modifications of these seven observables in Pb+Pb relative to that in p+p collisions are presented with detailed discussions.

   hep-phPRC(2022)·7 citations
9. 09*

   Study of proton, deuteron and triton at 54.4 GeV

   M. Waqas🇨🇳 · G. X. Peng🇨🇳

   Transverse momentum spectra of proton, deuteron and triton in gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at 54.4 GeV are analyzed in different centrality bins by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by STAR Collaboration in special transverse momentum ranges. We extracted the kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and freeze out volume from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is observed that the kinetic freeze out temperature is increasing from central to peripheral collisions. However the transverse flow velocity and freeze out volume decrease from central to peripheral collisions. The present work reveals the mass dependent kinetic freeze out and volume differential freeze out scenario in collisions at STAR Collaboration. In addition, the parameter q characterizes the degree of non-equilibrium of the produced system, and it increase from central to peripheral collisions and increase.

   hep-phnucl-exAdv.High Energy Phys.(2021)·26 citations
10. 10*

    Loop induced top quark FCNC through top quark and dark matter interactions

    Yandong Liu🇨🇳 · Bin Yan🇺🇸 · Rui Zhang🇨🇳

    We present a comprehensive analysis of the loop induced top quark FCNC signals at the LHC within one class of the simplified model. The loop level FCNC interactions are well motivated to avoid the hierarchy of the top quark couplings from the new physics and standard model. Such a theory will posit a Majorana dark matter candidate and could be tested through dark matter relic density, direct detection experiments (the scattering between dark matter and heavy nuclei), and the collider signals at the LHC. We find that the spin-independent (SI) scattering between Majorana dark matter and nuclei will vanish at the leading order, while the next-to-leading order correction to the SI scattering becomes significance to constrain the parameter space of the model. A detailed comparison from direct detection experiments and LHC searches is also discussed and both of them are very important to full constrain the model.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·12 citations
11. 11*

    The strange partner of the $Z_c$ structures in a coupled-channels model

    Pablo G. Ortega🇪🇸 · David R. Entem🇪🇸 · F. Fernandez🇪🇸

    The discovery of a new charged structure in the $K^{+}$ recoil-mass spectrum near the $D_s^{-}{D}^{\ast 0}/D_s^{\ast -}{D}^0$ threshold, dubbed $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$, reinforce the idea that the structure of hadrons goes beyond the naive $qqq$ and the $q\bar{q}$ structures. The existence of this state, with quark content $c\bar{c}s\bar{u}$, can be expected from the well-established $Z_c(3900{)}^{\pm }$ and $Z_c(4020)$ states using SU(3) flavor symmetry. The $Z_c$ structures have been explained using the chiral constituent quark model in a coupled-channels calculation and, in this work, we undertake the study of the $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ using the same model. We are able to reproduce the $K^{+}$ recoil-mass spectrum without any fine tuning of the model parameters. The study of the analytical structure of the S-matrix allows us to conclude that the structure is due to the presence of one virtual pole. A second state, the SU(3) flavor partner of the $Z_c(4020)$ is predicted at $\sim 4110$ MeV/$c^2$. New states in the hidden bottom strange sector are also predicted.

    hep-phPLB(2021)·47 citations
12. 12*

    Nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus DIS and probe for short range correlation

    Fei Huang🇨🇳 · Ji Xu🇨🇳 · Xing-Hua Yang🇨🇳

    We investigate charged-current neutrino-nucleus deep inelastic scattering with particular interests in relationship of short range correlation (SRC) and EMC effect. The structure functions $F_2^A(x,Q^2)$, $x{F}_3^A(x,Q^2)$ and ratios of differential cross sections are presented where the nuclei $A$ are chosen to be carbon, iron and lead. We propose a kind of universal modification functions which would provide a nontrivial test of SRC universality on the platform of neutrino-nucleus scattering and improve our understanding of nucleon structure substantially.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2021)·8 citations
13. 13*

    Converging the Neutrino mass limit: An experimental approach

    Athar Ahmad🇮🇳 · Naila Islam🇮🇳

    Neutrinos are the second most abundant particle in the universe. Since the last 50 years, Neutrino physics has been a source of limelight in modern physics because of the incredible characteristics of this elusive particle. According to the basic postulates of the Standard Model of particle physics neutrinos were assumed to be massless, but the results inferred from the experiments conducted in the past few years in the field of neutrino physics have concluded that neutrinos have a finite mass. In this paper we have discussed the various experiments conducted in the past which have tried to set an experimental limit on the absolute neutrino masses. Further, the future experiments which are expected to bring these limits to sub eV regime are also discussed.

    hep-phhep-exProgressio Alas Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 …·0 citations
14. 14*

    Strangeness neutral equation of state for QCD with a critical point

    J. M. Stafford · D. Mroczek🇺🇸 · A. R. Nava Acuna🇺🇸 · J. Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸 · P. Parotto🇩🇪 · D. R. P. Price🇺🇸 · C. Ratti🇺🇸

    We present a strangeness-neutral equation of state for QCD that exhibits critical behavior and matches lattice QCD results for the Taylor-expanded thermodynamic variables up to fourth-order in ${\mu }_B/T$. It is compatible with the SMASH hadronic transport approach and has a range of temperatures and baryonic chemical potentials relevant for phase II of the Beam Energy Scan at RHIC. We provide an updated version of the software BES-EoS, which produces an equation of state for QCD that includes a critical point in the 3D Ising model universality class. This new version also includes isentropic trejectories and the critical contribution to the correlation length. Since heavy-ion collisions have zero global net-strangeness density and a fixed ratio of electric charge to baryon number, the BES-EoS is more suitable to describe this system. Comparison with the previous version of the EoS is thoroughly discussed.

    hep-phnucl-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2021)·65 citations
15. 15*

    Cosmic Birefringence Triggered by Dark Matter Domination

    Shota Nakagawa🇯🇵 · Fuminobu Takahashi🇯🇵 · Masaki Yamada🇯🇵

    Cosmic birefringence is predicted if an axion-like particle (ALP) moves after the recombination. We show that this naturally happens if the ALP is coupled to the dark matter density because it then acquires a large effective mass after the matter-radiation equality. Our scenario applies to a broad range of the ALP mass $m_{\varphi }\lesssim 10^{-28}$ eV, even smaller than the present Hubble constant. We give a simple model to realize this scenario, where dark matter is made of hidden monopoles, which give the ALP such a large effective mass through the Witten effect. The mechanism works if the ALP decay constant is of order the GUT scale without a fine-tuning of the initial misalignment angle. For smaller decay constant, the hidden monopole can be a fraction of dark matter. We also study the implications for the QCD axion, and show that the domain wall problem can be solved by the effective mass.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRL(2021)·52 citations
16. 16*

    A search for the first generation charged vector-like leptons at future colliders

    Ali Osman Acar🇹🇷 · Osman Emre Delialioglu🇹🇷 · Saleh Sultansoy🇹🇷

    Flavor Democracy Hypothesis favors existence of iso-singlet quarks and vector-like charged leptons. Their observation at future colliders could shed light on the nature of mass and mixing patterns of known leptons and quarks, as well as Higgs boson itself. Vector-like quarks are extensively searched by ATLAS and CMS collaborations. Unfortunately, this is not the case for vector-like leptons, while they have actually similar status from phenomenology viewpoint. We argue that vector-like charged leptons should be included into the new physics search programs of future energy frontier colliders. It is shown that pair production at the HE-LHC with decay of one of the leptons to Ze and another to He channel, followed by H \rightarrow bb and Z \rightarrow \mu\mu decays will give opportunity to scan masses of iso-singlet and iso-doublet charged leptons up to 0.9 TeV and 1.5 TeV, respectively. FCC will extend this region up to 2 TeV for iso-singlet and 3.6 TeV for iso-doublet charged leptons.

    hep-phhep-ex19 citations
17. 17*

    The fundamental scale of QCD

    Yu.A.Simonov🇷🇺

    There are several scales in the QCD as the theory of strong interaction: the vacuum gluonic condensate (as the divergence of the dilatation current), the nucleon mass as the basic mass scale in our universe, which is connected to the string tension $\sigma$, and the perturbative QCD scale ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}$, which defines the scale of the renormalized perturbative expansions. In this paper we connect all these scales to the vacuum condensate, using the field correlator method, where the string tension is expressed in terms of nonlocal field correlators, which are connected to the local condensates, while the perturbative ${\Lambda }_V$ is connected to $\sigma$ in the framework of the Background Perturbation Theory (BPT). We also demonstrate how the IR singularities and IR renormalons disappear in BPT making the resulting theory internally consistent.

    hep-phPhys.Atom.Nucl.(2021)·8 citations
18. 18*

    Analysis of the hidden-charm pentaquark molecular states with strangeness and without strangeness via the QCD sum rules

    Zhi-Gang Wang🇨🇳 · Qi Xin🇨🇳

    In this article, we investigate the $\bar{D}{\Sigma }_c$, $\bar{D}{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$, $\bar{D}{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$, $\bar{D}{\Xi }_c^{\ast }$, ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c$, ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$, ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$ and ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{\Xi }_c^{\ast }$ pentaquark molecular states with strangeness and without strangeness via the QCD sum rules at length, pay much attention to the light flavor $SU(3)$ breaking effects, and make predictions for new pentaquark molecular states besides assigning the $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4380)$, $P_c(4440)$, $P_c(4457)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$ self-consistently. We can search for those pentaquark molecular states in the decays of the ${\Lambda }_b^0$, ${\Xi }_b^0$ and ${\Xi }_b^{-}$ in the future. Furthermore, we discuss the higher dimensional vacuum condensates in details.

    hep-phCPC(2021)·46 citations
19. 19*

    Methodology to determine the spin-parity of muon-philic $X$ boson in $J/\psi \to {\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}X$ decay

    Manimala Mitra🇮🇳 · Dibyakrupa Sahoo🇮🇳

    The present anomaly in muon anaomalous magnetic moment can be explained by the presence of a muon-philic $X$ boson which could be a scalar particle or a vector particle with mass less than twice the mass of muon. The muon-philic $X$ boson could interestingly not be a parity eigenstate as well. If there exists such a boson, irrespective of its parity, it can be directly observed in the decay $J/\psi \to {\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}X$ where $X$ remains invisible. We show that by using the angular distribution or the distribution of events in the square Dalitz plot, along with two well defined dimensionless ratios, one can clearly distinguish among the various spin-parity possibilities. This would constitute an important probe of both the existence and the nature of this new physics possibility.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·2 citations
20. 20*

    The new resonances Z_{cs}(3985) and Z_{cs}(4003) (almost) fill two tetraquark nonets of broken SU(3)_f

    Luciano Maiani🇮🇹 · Antonio D. Polosa🇮🇹 · Veronica Riquer🇮🇹

    New data from BESIII and LHCb show the existence of resonances with strangeness filling multiplets of the broken SU(3)_f symmetry, with the pattern predicted by the quark model. This is the case of the newly discovered Z_{cs} (3985) and Z_{cs}(4003), which have a natural accommodation in the tetraquark picture, as shown in this note. The quasi-degeneracy between Z_{cs} (3985) and Z_{cs}(4003) reproduces, in the strange sector, the situation observed with X(3872) and Z_c(3900). This represents a significative score in favor of the tetraquark scheme.

    hep-phSci.Bull.(2021)·57 citations
21. 21*

    Definite evidence for physically incomprehensible inequality ${\sigma }_{tot}(e^{+}{e}^{-}\to n\bar{n})>{\sigma }_{tot}(e^{+}{e}^{-}\to p\bar{p})$

    Stanislav Dubnička🇸🇰 · Anna Z. Dubničková🇸🇰

    Though the neutron mass is larger than the proton mass and obviously one expects in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation a creation of more $p\bar{p}$ pairs in comparison with $n\bar{n}$ at the same energy, just the opposite inequality for the corresponding total cross sections ${\sigma }_{tot}(e^{+}{e}^{-}\to n\bar{n})>{\sigma }_{tot}(e^{+}{e}^{-}\to p\bar{p})$ has been revealed in the analysis of only the present time existing proton electromagnetic form factors data by the unitary and analytic approach.

    hep-ph0 citations
22. 22*

    Sailing the CE$\nu$NS Seas of Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions with the Coherent CAPTAIN Mills Experiment

    Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Eli Welch🇺🇸

    We study future coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) modifications from a variety of possible models at the Coherent CAPTAIN Mills (CCM) experiment at Los Alamos. We show that large regions of Non-Standard Neutrino Interaction (NSI) parameter space will be excluded rapidly, and that stringent new bounds on the gauge coupling in $Z^{\prime }$ models will also be placed. As a result, CCM will be able to rule out LMA-D solutions for a large class of models with MeV-scale mediators.

    hep-phhep-ex16 citations
23. 23*

    Chiral susceptibility in dense thermo-magnetic QCD medium within HTL approximation

    Ritesh Ghosh🇮🇳 · Bithika Karmakar🇮🇳 · Munshi Golam Mustafa🇮🇳

    We have computed the chiral susceptibility in quark-gluon plasma in presence of finite chemical potential and weak magnetic field within hard thermal loop approximation. First we construct the massive effective quark propagator in a thermomagnetic medium. Then we obtain completely analytic expression for the chiral susceptibility in weak magnetic field approximation. In the absence of magnetic field the thermal chiral susceptibility increases in presence of finite chemical potential. The effect of thermomagnetic correction is found to be very marginal as temperature is the dominant scale in weak field approximation.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2021)·9 citations
24. 24*

    Multi-particle production in proton-nucleus collisions in the Color Glass Condensate

    Pedro Agostini🇪🇸 · Tolga Altinoluk🇵🇱 · Néstor Armesto🇪🇸

    We compute multi-gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate approach in dilute-dense collisions, p$A$, extending previous calculations up to four gluons. We include the contributions that are leading in the overlap area of the collision but keep all orders in the expansion in the number of colors. We develop a diagrammatic technique to write the numerous color contractions and exploit the symmetries to group the diagrams and simplify the expressions. To proceed further, we use the McLerran-Venugopalan and Golec-Biernat-Wüsthoff models for the projectile and target averages, respectively. We use a form of the Lipatov vertices that leads to the Wigner function approach for the projectile previously employed, that we generalise to take into account quantum correlations in the projectile wave function. We provide analytic expressions for integrated and differential two gluon cumulants and show a smooth dependence on the parameters defining the projectile and target Wigner function and dipole, respectively. For four gluon correlations we find that the second order four particle cumulant is negative, so a sensible second Fourier azimuthal coefficient can be defined. The effect of correlations in the projectile on this result results qualitatively and quantitatively large.

    hep-phEPJC(2021)·21 citations
25. 25*

    HepLib: A C++ Library for High Energy Physics

    Feng Feng🇨🇳 · Yi-Fan Xie🇨🇳 · Qiu-Chen Zhou🇨🇳 · Shan-Rong Tang🇨🇳

    HepLib is a C++ Library for computations in High Energy Physics, it works on top of GiNaC, a well-established C++ library used to perform symbolic computations. HepLib combines serval well-known packages to get high efficiency, including Qgraf to generate Feynman aptitudes, FORM to perform Dirac/Color matrix related computations, and FIRE or KIRA for integration-by-parts (IBP) reduction. Another core feature of HepLib lies in the numerical evaluation of master integrals using sector decomposition, which is a general method widely used in high-order numerical computation and has been implemented in many public packages in many different languages, and we present another implementation in the language of C++ with many new features. We use GiNaC to handle the symbolic operations, and export the corresponding integrand into an optimized C++ code, that will be compiled internally and linked dynamically, a customizable numerical integrator is selected to perform the numerical integration, while the integrand can be evaluated in different float precisions, including the arbitrary precision supported by MPFR.

    hep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2021)·19 citations
26. 26*

    Solar neutrinos and dark matter detection with diurnal modulation

    Sebastian Sassi🇫🇮 · Abolfazl Dinmohammadi🇮🇷 · Matti Heikinheimo🇫🇮 · Nader Mirabolfathi🇺🇸 · Kai Nordlund🇫🇮 · Hossein Safari🇮🇷 · Kimmo Tuominen🇫🇮

    We investigate the diurnal modulation of the event rate for dark matter scattering on solid targets arising from the directionally dependent defect creation threshold energy. In particular, we quantify how this effect would help in separating dark matter signal from the neutrino background. We perform a benchmark analysis for a germanium detector and compute how the reach of the experiment is affected by including the timing information of the scattering events. We observe that for light dark matter just above the detection threshold the magnitude of the annual modulation is enhanced. In this mass range using either the annual or diurnal modulation information provides a similar gain in the reach of the experiment, while the additional reach from using both effects remains modest. Furthermore, we demonstrate that if the background contains a feature exhibiting an annual modulation similar to the one observed by DAMA experiment, the diurnal modulation provides for an additional handle to separate dark matter signal from the background.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·28 citations
27. 27*

    Hadronic molecules in B decays

    Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳

    There are eighteen possibly existing $D^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$, $D^{(\ast )}{\bar{K}}^{(\ast )}$, and $D^{(\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )-}$ hadronic molecular states. We construct their corresponding interpolating currents, and calculate their masses and decay constants using QCD sum rules. Based on these results, we calculate their relative production rates in $B$ and $B^{\ast }$ decays through the current algebra, and calculate their relative branching ratios through the Fierz rearrangement, as summarized in Table III. Our results support the interpretations of the $X(3872)$, $Z_c(3900)$, $Z_c(4020)$, and $X_0(2900)$ as the molecular states $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ of $J^{PC}=1^{++}$, $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ of $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$, $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ of $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$, and $D^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ of $J^P=0^{+}$, respectively. Our results also suggest that the $Z_{cs}(3985)$, $Z_{cs}(4000)$, and $Z_{cs}(4220)$ are strange partners of the $X(3872)$, $Z_c(3900)$, and $Z_c(4020)$, respectively. In the calculations we estimate the lifetime of a weakly-coupled composite particle $A=|BC⟩$ to be $1/t_A\approx 1/t_B+1/t_C+{\Gamma }_{A\to BC}+\cdots$, with $\cdots$ partial widths of other possible decay channels.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·72 citations
28. 28*

    Strong CP problem and axion dark matter with small instantons

    Ryuichiro Kitano🇯🇵 · Wen Yin🇯🇵

    The axion mass receives a large correction from small instantons if the QCD gets strongly coupled at high energies. We discuss the size of the new CP violating phases caused by the fact that the small instantons are sensitive to the UV physics. We also discuss the effects of the mass correction on the axion abundance of the Universe. Taking the small-instanton contributions into account, we propose a natural scenario of axion dark matter where the axion decay constant is as large as $10^{15\text{-}16}$GeV. The scenario works in the high-scale inflation models.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2021)·43 citations
29. 29*

    Dark Matter Daily Modulation With Anisotropic Organic Crystals

    Carlos Blanco🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Benjamin Lillard🇺🇸 · Samuel D. McDermott🇺🇸

    Aromatic organic compounds, because of their small excitation energies ~ O(few eV) and scintillating properties, are promising targets for detecting dark matter of mass ~ O(few MeV). Additionally, their planar molecular structures lead to large anisotropies in the electronic wavefunctions, yielding a significant daily modulation in the event rate expected to be observed in crystals of these molecules. We characterize the daily modulation rate of dark matter interacting with an anisotropic scintillating organic crystal such as trans-stilbene, and show that daily modulation is an ~ O(1) fraction of the total rate for small DM masses and comparable to, or larger than, the ~ 10% annual modulation fraction at large DM masses. As we discuss in detail, this modulation provides significant leverage for detecting or excluding dark matter scattering, even in the presence of a non-negligible background rate. Assuming a non-modulating background rate of 1/min/kg that scales with total exposure, we find that a 100 kg yr experiment is sensitive to the cross section corresponding to the correct relic density for dark matter masses between 1.3-14 MeV (1.5-1000 MeV) if dark matter interacts via a heavy (light) mediator. This modulation can be understood using an effective velocity scale v* = Delta E/q*, where Delta E is the electronic transition energy and q* is a characteristic momentum scale of the electronic orbitals. We also characterize promising future directions for development of scintillating organic crystals as dark matter detectors.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.chem-phPRD(2021)·61 citations
30. 30*

    Future tests of parton distributions

    Juan Cruz-Martinez🇮🇹 · Stefano Forte🇮🇹 · Emanuele R. Nocera🇬🇧

    We discuss a test of the generalization power of the methodology used in the determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs). The "future test" checks whether the uncertainty on PDFs, in regions in which they are not constrained by current data, are compatible with future data. The test is performed by using the current optimized methodology for PDF determination, but with a limited dataset, as available in the past, and by checking whether results are compatible within uncertainty with the result found using a current more extensive dataset. We use the future test to assess the generalization power of the NNPDF4.0 unpolarized PDF and the NNPDFpol1.1 polarized PDF methodology. Specifically, we investigate whether the former would predict the rise of the unpolarized proton structure function $F_2$ at small $x$ using only pre HERA data, and whether the latter would predict the so-called "proton spin crisis" using only pre-EMC data.

    hep-phhep-exActa Phys.Polon.B(2021)·22 citations
31. 31*

    Resummation of terms enhanced by trilinear squark-Higgs couplings in the MSSM

    Thomas Kwasnitza🇩🇪 · Dominik Stöckinger🇩🇪

    We analyze the appearance of the trilinear squark-Higgs couplings $x_q$ in Green functions in the Higgs sector of the MSSM and in threshold corrections to the SM. The results are constraints on maximal powers of $x_q$ in QCD-related loop corrections. In practice these often imply all-order resummations of leading or subleading $x_q$ contributions in SM-parametrized expressions. We present a variety of all-order resummation relations for $\Delta \lambda$ which include such $x_q$-enhanced terms and different orders in Yukawa and gauge couplings. We contrast which terms cannot be resummed.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2021)·6 citations
32. 32*

    Novel Relaxation Time Approximation to the Relativistic Boltzmann Equation

    Gabriel S. Rocha🇧🇷 · Gabriel S. Denicol🇧🇷 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸

    We show that the widely used relaxation time approximation to the relativistic Boltzmann equation contains basic flaws, being incompatible with microscopic and macroscopic conservation laws. We propose a new approximation that fixes such fundamental issues and maintains the basic properties of the linearized Boltzmann collision operator. We show how this correction affects transport coefficients, such as the bulk viscosity and particle diffusion.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thPRL(2021)·107 citations
33. 33*

    Moduli and Graviton Production during Moduli Stabilization

    Mesbah Alsarraj🇨🇦 · Robert Brandenberger🇨🇦

    In theories beyond the Standard Model, in particular in theories with extra spatial dimensions such as superstring theory, there are a large number of scalar fields which appear in the low energy effective action. These moduli fields must be stabilized. Often, moduli stabilization involves a stage during which the moduli fields oscillatte coherently about their ground state value. Here, we study moduli and graviton production during the period during which the background modulus field is oscillating, assuming that this period takes place in the radiation phase. We find a resonant production of moduli fluctuations, and a tachyonic instability to the generation of long wavelength gravitational waves. As a consequence, the period of moduli stabilization is short on a Hubble time scale.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2021)·10 citations
34. 34*

    Design and diagnostics of high-precision accelerator neutrino beams

    N. Charitonidis🇨🇭 · A. Longhin🇮🇹 · M. Pari🇨🇭 · E. G. Parozzi🇨🇭 · F. Terranova🇮🇹

    Neutrino oscillation physics has entered a new precision era, which poses major challenges to the level of control and diagnostics of the neutrino beams. In this paper, we review the design of high-precision beams, their current limitations, and the latest techniques envisaged to overcome such limits. We put emphasis on "monitored neutrino beams" and advanced diagnostics to determine the flux and flavor of the neutrinos produced at the source at the per-cent level. We also discuss ab-initio measurements of the neutrino energy -- i.e. measurements performed without relying on the event reconstruction at the neutrino detector -- to remove any flux-induced bias in the determination of the cross sections.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.acc-phAppl.Sciences(2021)·20 citations
35. 35*

    Reply to Comment on "Nonlinear quantum effects in electromagnetic radiation of a vortex electron" by A. Karnieli, R. Remez, I. Kaminer, et al

    D.V. Karlovets🇷🇺 · A.M. Pupasov-Maksimov🇧🇷

    We argue that while the experiment of Remez et al. is interesting and its conclusions may well be correct, the observed lack of dependence of the measured distributions on the electron's transverse coherence length should have been expected for the parameters chosen. This is because for Smith-Purcell radiation it is the coherence length of a virtual photon that plays a role of the radiation formation width and not the entire electron's coherence length that can well be orders of magnitude larger. This is a common feature for all the radiation processes in which a photon is emitted not directly by the electron, which can be delocalized in space, but rather by a much better localized atom or a conduction electron on a surface. Therefore, in our opinion the results of Remez et al. cannot rule out the alternative hypothesis of the delocalized charge. The question, mainly addressed in the comment by Karnieli et al., of whether the measurements were performed in the wave zone or not is interesting but secondary. We emphasize that the measured distributions are unusually wide and neither the original paper nor the recent comment fully discusses and rules out all alternative hypotheses that could have led to the same distributions. On the contrary, there exists a family of classical effects that could also have resulted in the measured distributions and that were neither discussed nor even mentioned by the authors. Such alternative hypotheses include (i) effects of the beam sizes, of its angular divergence, of the temporal coherence of the process, and (ii) influence of the grating shape and of its material. Finally, we propose to repeat the experiment and to measure diffraction radiation from a thin metallic semi-plane or Compton emission in a laser pulse. In these cases, the classical effects play a much smaller role and the results of such measurements would have higher credibility.

    ↳ quant-phhep-ph1 citation
36. 36*

    Pandemonium: a clustering tool to partition parameter space -- application to the B anomalies

    Ursula Laa🇦🇺 · German Valencia🇦🇺

    We introduce the interactive tool pandemonium to cluster model predictions that depend on a set of parameters. The model predictions are used to define the coordinates in observable space which go into the clustering. The results of this partitioning are then visualized in both observable and parameter space to study correlations between them. The tool offers multiple choices for coordinates, distance functions and linkage methods within hierarchical clustering. It provides a set of diagnostic statistics and visualization methods to study the clustering results in order to interpret the outcome. The methods are most useful in an interactive environment that enables exploration, and we have implemented them with a graphical user interface in R. We demonstrate the concepts with an application to phenomenological studies in flavor physics in the context of the so-called B anomalies.

    ↳ physics.data-anhep-exhep-phstat.APEur.Phys.J.Plus(2022)·5 citations
37. 37*

    S-dual Inflation and the String Swampland

    Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Dieter Lust🇩🇪 · Jorge F. Soriano🇺🇸

    The Swampland de Sitter conjecture in combination with upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ derived from observations of the cosmic microwave background endangers the paradigm of slow-roll single field inflation. This conjecture constrains the first and the second derivatives of the inflationary potential in terms of two $\mathcal{O}(1)$ constants $c$ and $c^{\prime }$. In view of these restrictions we reexamine single-field inflationary potentials with $S$-duality symmetry, which ameliorate the unlikeliness problem of the initial condition. We compute $r$ at next-to-leading order in slow-roll parameters for the most general form of $S$-dual potentials and confront model predictions to constraints imposed by the de Sitter conjecture. We find that $c\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-1})$ and $c^{\prime }\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ can accommodate the 95\% CL upper limit on $r$. By imposing at least 50 $e$-folds of inflation with the effective field theory description only valid over a field displacement $\mathcal{O}(1)$ when measured as a distance in the target space geometry, we further restrict $c\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$, while the constraint on $c^{\prime }$ remains unchanged. We comment on how to accommodate the required small values of $c$ and $c^{\prime }$.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2021)·8 citations
38. 38*

    A polynomial in transverse momentum manifesting thermalisation in nuclear collisions

    Rahul Ramachandran Nair🇵🇱

    A specific value of light front variable ${\zeta }_c(p_T,m)$ of the inclusively produced hadrons in a relativistic nuclear collision is constructed as a polynomial in transverse momentum $p_T$ of the particle within the UrQMD transport model. It is shown that those particles with the absolute value of their light front variable $\zeta$ greater than the corresponding ${\zeta }_c(p_T,m)$ follow a Fermi-Dirac or Bose-Einstein distribution depending upon the spin of the particle.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph2 citations
39. 39*

    Iterated integrals over letters induced by quadratic forms

    J. Ablinger🇦🇹 · J. Blümlein🇩🇪 · C. Schneider🇦🇹

    An automated treatment of iterated integrals based on letters induced by real-valued quadratic forms and Kummer--Poincaré letters is presented. These quantities emerge in analytic single and multi--scale Feynman diagram calculations. To compactify representations, one wishes to apply general properties of these quantities in computer-algebraic implementations. We provide the reduction to basis representations, expansions, analytic continuation and numerical evaluation of these quantities.

    ↳ hep-thcs.SChep-phmath-ph+1PRD(2021)·18 citations
40. 40*

    Confronting the magnetically-induced holographic composite inflation with observation

    M. Ahmadvand🇮🇷 · A. Ashoorioon🇮🇷 · K. Bitaghsir Fadafan🇮🇷

    We study the observational predictions of the phenomenological anti-de Sitter (AdS)/QCD inspired model, in which the inflaton field emerges in a four-dimensional strongly coupled gauge theory, in which the chiral symmetry breaking occurs through the formation of the quark condensate. Based on a top-down approach of AdS/QCD, using a D7-brane in the background of $N_c$ D3-branes, it has already been shown that chiral symmetry breaking in a magnetic field through the generation of the Higgs vacuum expectation value could be a second-order phase transition, although it was doubted that this scenario could lead to enough inflation. Using an iterative method, we consistently solve for the time-dependent parameters, including the embedding function of the D7-brane and the Hubble parameter of the expanding background. We show that with $N_c\sim 10^7$ and $g_{{}_{\mathrm{UV}}}\sim \mathrm{few}\times 0.1$, the predictions of the inflationary model are consistent with the most stringent constraints placed on the inflationary models by Planck 2018. Although the model is capable of producing a large amount of gravitational waves, $r\simeq 0.01$, the displacement of the canonical mass dimension-1 scalar field remains below the Planck mass, in violation of the Lyth bound.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2021)·1 citation
41. 41*

    Cosmological solutions and growth index of matter perturbations in $f(Q)$ gravity

    Wompherdeiki Khyllep🇮🇳 · Andronikos Paliathanasis🇿🇦 · Jibitesh Dutta🇮🇳

    The present work studies one of Einstein's alternative formulations based on the non-metricity scalar $Q$ generalized as $f(Q)$ theory. More specifically, we consider the power-law form of $f(Q)$ gravity i.e. $f(Q)=Q+\alpha Q^n$. Here, we analyze the behavior of the cosmological model at the background and perturbation level. At the background level, we find the effective evolution of the model is the same as that of the $\Lambda$CDM for $|n|<1$. Interestingly, the geometric component of the theory solely determined the late-time acceleration of the Universe. We also examine the integrability of the model by employing the method of singularity analysis. In particular, we find the conditions under which field equations pass the Painlevé test and hence possess the Painlevé property. While the equations pass the Painlevé test in the presence of dust for any value of $n$, the test is valid after the addition of radiation fluid only for $n<1$. Finally, at the perturbation level, the behavior of matter growth index signifies a deviation of the model from the $\Lambda$CDM even for $|n|<1$.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phnlin.CDPRD(2021)·315 citations
42. 42*

    Single ${\pi }^0$ Production Off Neutrons Bound in Deuteron with Linearly Polarized Photons

    C. Mullen🇬🇧 · S. Gardner🇬🇧 · D. I. Glazier🇬🇧 · S. J. D. Kay🇨🇦 · K. Livingston🇬🇧 · I. I. Strakovsky🇺🇸 · R. L. Workman🇺🇸 · S. Abt🇨🇭 · P. Achenbach🇩🇪 · F. Afzal🇩🇪 · Z. Ahmed🇨🇦 · C. S. Akondi🇺🇸 and 70 other authors

    The quasifree $\overrightarrow{\gamma }d\to {\pi }^{0}n(p)$ photon beam asymmetry, $\Sigma$, has been measured at photon energies, $E_{\gamma }$, from 390 to 610 MeV, corresponding to center of mass energy from 1.271 to 1.424 GeV, for the first time. The data were collected in the A2 hall of the MAMI electron beam facility with the Crystal Ball and TAPS calorimeters covering pion center-of-mass angles from 49 to 148${}^{\circ }$. In this kinematic region, polarization observables are sensitive to contributions from the $\Delta (1232)$ and $N(1440)$ resonances. The extracted values of $\Sigma$ have been compared to predictions based on partial-wave analyses (PWAs) of the existing pion photoproduction database. Our comparison includes the SAID, MAID, and Bonn-Gatchina analyses; while a revised SAID fit, including the new $\Sigma$ measurements, has also been performed. In addition, isospin symmetry is examined as a way to predict ${\pi }^{0}n$ photoproduction observables, based on fits to published data in the channels ${\pi }^{0}p$, ${\pi }^{+}n$, and ${\pi }^{-}p$.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thEPJA(2021)·6 citations
43. 43*

    The 511 keV Excess and Primordial Black Holes

    Celeste Keith🇺🇸 · Dan Hooper🇺🇸

    An excess of 511 keV photons has been detected from the central region of the Milky Way. It has been suggested that the positrons responsible for this signal could be produced through the Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes. After evaluating the constraints from INTEGRAL, COMPTEL, and Voyager 1, we find that black holes in mass range of $\sim (1-4)\times 10^{16}$ g could potentially produce this signal if they make up a small fraction of the total dark matter density. Proposed MeV-scale gamma-ray telescopes such as AMEGO or e-ASTROGAM should be able to test this class of scenarios by measuring the diffuse gamma ray emission from the Milky Way's inner halo.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2021)·49 citations
44. 44*

    Small-scale shear: Peeling off diffuse subhalos with gravitational waves

    Han Gil Choi🇰🇷 · Chanung Park🇰🇷 · Sunghoon Jung🇰🇷

    Subhalos at subgalactic scales ($M\lesssim 10^7{M}_{\odot }$ or $k\gtrsim 10^3{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$) are pristine test beds of dark matter (DM). However, they are too small, diffuse and dark to be visible, in any existing observations. In this paper, we develop a complete formalism for weak and strong diffractive lensing, which can be used to probe such subhalos with chirping gravitational waves (GWs). Also, we show that Navarro-Frenk-White(NFW) subhalos in this mass range can indeed be detected individually, albeit at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ or less per year at BBO and others limited by small merger rates and large required SNR $\gtrsim 1/\gamma (r_0)\sim 10^3$. It becomes possible as NFW scale radii $r_0$ are of the right size comparable to the GW Fresnel length $r_F$, and unlike all existing probes, their lensing is more sensitive to lighter subhalos. Remarkably, our formalism further reveals that the frequency dependence of weak lensing (which is actually the detectable effect) is due to shear $\gamma$ at $r_F$. Not only is it consistent with an approximate scaling invariance, but it also offers a new way to measure the mass profile at a successively smaller scale of chirping $r_F\propto f^{-1/2}$. Meanwhile, strong diffraction that produces a blurred Einstein ring has a universal frequency dependence, allowing only detections. These are further demonstrated through semianalytic discussions of power-law profiles. Our developments for a single lens can be generalized and will promote diffractive lensing to a more concrete and promising physics in probing DM and small-scale structures.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2021)·49 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.