Tue·Dec 8, 2020Tuesday·December 8, 2020

1. 01*

   Significance of Composition-Dependent Effects in Fifth-Force Searches

   Ephraim Fischbach🇺🇸 · John T. Gruenwald🇺🇸 · Dennis E. Krause🇺🇸 · Megan H. McDuffie🇺🇸 · Michael J. Mueterthies🇺🇸 · Carol Y. Scarlett🇺🇸

   Indications of a possible composition-dependent fifth force, based on a reanalysis of the Eötvös experiment, have not been supported by a number of modern experiments. Here, we argue that searching for a composition-dependent fifth force necessarily requires data from experiments in which the acceleration differences of three or more independent pairs of test samples of varying composition are determined. We suggest that a new round of fifth-force experiments is called for, in each of which three or more different pairs of samples are compared.

   hep-phgr-qcPLA(2021)·5 citations
2. 02*

   Reconstruction and identification of $H\to W{W}^{\ast }$ with high transverse momentum in the full hadronic final state

   Chunhui Chen🇺🇸

   This Letter presents a study of the reconstruction and identification of $H\to W{W}^{\ast }$ with high transverse momentum, where both $W^{(\ast )}$ bosons decay hadronically. We show that the boosted $H\to W{W}^{\ast }$ can be effectively reconstructed as a single jet and identified using jet substructures in the center-of-mass frame of the jet. Such a reconstruction and identification approach can discriminate the boosted $H\to W{W}^{\ast }$ in the full hadronic final state from QCD jets. This result will significantly improve experimental sensitivities of searches for potential new physics phenomena beyond the standard model in final states containing highly boosted Higgs bosons.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2021)·2 citations
3. 03*

   Thermal and hard scales in transverse momentum distributions, fluctuations and entanglement

   Xabier Feal🇺🇸 · Carlos Pajares🇪🇸 · Ricardo Vazquez🇪🇸

   We analyze the transverse momentum distributions of pp, pPb, XeXe and PbPb collisions at different RHIC and LHC energies and centralities as well as the corresponding distributions for Higgs production decaying into $\gamma \gamma$ and 4l. A simple linear relation is found between the effective thermal temperature and the hard scale, approximately valid for all processes and mainly determined by the hard scale fluctuations. In order to go further, it is shown that the whole spectrum of pp collisions can be described by a single function showing that the thermal temperature is determined solely by the hard scale and its fluctuations. The possible relation between the multiplicities of the soft and hard scales is explored.

   hep-phPRC(2021)·15 citations
4. 04*

   Real-time dynamics of Chern-Simons fluctuations near a critical point

   Kazuki Ikeda🇯🇵 · Dmitri E. Kharzeev🇺🇸 · Yuta Kikuchi🇺🇸

   The real-time topological susceptibility is studied in $(1+1)$-dimensional massive Schwinger model with a $\theta$-term. We evaluate the real-time correlation function of electric field that represents the topological Chern-Pontryagin number density in $(1+1)$ dimensions. Near the parity-breaking critical point located at $\theta =\pi$ and fermion mass $m$ to coupling $g$ ratio of $m/g\approx 0.33$, we observe a sharp maximum in the topological susceptibility. We interpret this maximum in terms of the growth of critical fluctuations near the critical point, and draw analogies between the massive Schwinger model, QCD near the critical point, and ferroelectrics near the Curie point.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thquant-phPRD(2021)·37 citations
5. 05*

   $D$ wave bottomonia production from $Z_b^{(\prime )}$ decay

   Qi Wu🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳 · Takayuki Matsuki🇯🇵

   In the present work, we investigate the dipion transitions between ${\rm Y}(5S)$ and ${{\rm Y}}_J(1D)$ with $J=1,2,3$. Our analysis indicates that the dominant sources of the anomalously large widths of ${\rm Y}(5S)\to {{\rm Y}}_J(1D){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ should be $Z_b^{(\prime )}$, i.e., the dipion transitions occur via the cascade decays ${\rm Y}(5S)\to Z_b^{(\prime )\pm }{\pi }^{\mp }\to {{\rm Y}}_J(1D){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$. With the assumption that all the short ranged dynamics could be absorbed in a single cutoff with a model parameter $\alpha$, the present estimations indicate that in a reasonable parameter range the measured branching ratios of ${\rm Y}(5S)\to {{\rm Y}}_J(1D){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ can be reproduced in magnitude, which further proves that the decays via $Z_b^{(\prime )}$ dominate the dipion transitions of ${\rm Y}(5S)$ to ${{\rm Y}}_J(1D)$. Moreover, we also predict the ratios of the branching fractions of $Z_b^{(\prime )}\to {{\rm Y}}_J(1D)\pi$, which in our calculations are largely independent of the parameter $\alpha$ and could be tested by further experiments in Belle II.

   hep-phPRD(2020)·7 citations
6. 06*

   The energy-momentum tensor at the earliest stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions

   Margaret E. Carrington🇨🇦 · Alina Czajka🇵🇱 · Stanislaw Mrowczynski🇵🇱

   Nuclear collisions at high energies produce a gluon field that can be described using the Colour Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory at proper times $\tau \lesssim 1$ fm/c. The theory can be used to calculate the gluon energy-momentum tensor, which provides information about the early time evolution of the chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic fields, energy density, longitudinal and transverse pressures, and other quantities. We obtain an analytic expression for the energy-momentum tensor using an expansion in the proper time, and working to sixth order. The calculation is technically difficult, in part because the number of terms involved grows rapidly with the order of the $\tau$ expansion, but also because of several subtle issues related to the definition of event-averaged correlators, the method chosen to regulate these correlators, and the dependence of results on the parameters introduced by the regularization and nuclear density profile functions. All of these issues are crucially related to the important question of the extent to which we expect a CGC approach to be able to accurately describe the early stages of a heavy ion collision. We present some results for the evolution of the energy density and the longitudinal and transverse pressures. We show that our calculation gives physically meaningful results up to values of the proper time which are close to the regime at which hydrodynamic simulations are initialized. In a companion paper [1] we give a detailed analysis of several other experimentally relevant quantities that can be calculated from the energy-momentum tensor.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2022)·32 citations
7. 07*

   Universal Scotogenic Fermion Masses in Left-Right Gauge Model

   Ernest Ma (UC Riverside)🇺🇸

   In the conventional left-right gauge model, if the Higgs scalar sector consists only of an $SU(2{)}_L$ doublet and an $SU(2{)}_R$ doublet, fermion masses are zero at tree level. There have been many studies on how they would become massive. With the help of a dark sector with $U(1{)}_D$ gauge symmetry, it is shown how all standard-model fermions may acquire realistic masses radiatively, including that of the top quark. In this context, the particle content of the model also implies the automatic conservation of baryon number $B$ and lepton number $L$ as in the standard model. Observable anomalous Higgs couplings are predicted.

   hep-phNPB(2021)·7 citations
8. 08*

   Bjorken variable and scale dependence of quark transport coefficient in Drell-Yan process for proton incident on nucleus

   Tian-Xing Bai🇨🇳 · Chun-Gui Duan🇨🇳

   The Drell-Yan process for proton incident on nuclei is an excellent place for deeply studying the parton propagation in a nucleus. By means of the nuclear parton distributions determined only with lepton-nuclear deep inelastic scattering experimental data and the analytic parameterization of quenching weight based on BDMPS formalism, a phenomenological analysis of the nuclear Drell-Yan differential cross section ratio as a function of Feynman variable is performed from Fermilab E906 and E866 experimental data. With the nuclear geometry effect on nuclear Drell-Yan process and the quark transport coefficient as a constant, our predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. It is found that nuclear geometry effect has a significant impact on the quark transport coefficient in cold nuclear matter. It is necessary to consider the detailed nuclear geometry in studying the nuclear Drell-Yan process. Our calculated results reveal that the difference in the values of quark transport coefficient exists from E906 and E866 experiments. However, confirming the conclusion that the quark transport coefficient depends on the target-quark momentum fraction, still need more accurate experimental data on the Drell-Yan differential cross section ratio in the future. Three models are proposed and discussed for the quark transport coefficient as a function of the measurable kinematic variables. The quark transport coefficient $\hat{q}$ is determined as a function of the Bjorken variable $x_2$ and scale $Q^2$. It is hoped that the parametrization form of quark transport coefficient in the cold nuclear medium can help to think about the parton propagation mechanism in nuclear matter.

   hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2021)·2 citations
9. 09*

   Unpolarized Quark and Gluon TMD PDFs and FFs at N${}^3$LO

   Ming-xing Luo🇨🇳 · Tong-Zhi Yang🇨🇳 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳 · Yu Jiao Zhu🇨🇳

   In this paper we calculate analytically the perturbative matching coefficients for unpolarized quark and gluon Transverse-Momentum-Dependent (TMD) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) and Fragmentation Functions (FFs) through Next-to-Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order (N${}^3$LO) in QCD. The N${}^3$LO TMD PDFs are calculated by solving a system of differential equation of Feynman and phase space integrals. The TMD FFs are obtained by analytic continuation from space-like quantities to time-like quantities, taking into account the probability interpretation of TMD PDFs and FFs properly. The coefficient functions for TMD FFs exhibit double logarithmic enhancement at small momentum fraction $z$. We resum such logarithmic terms to the third order in the expansion of ${\alpha }_s$. Our results constitute important ingredients for precision determination of TMD PDFs and FFs in current and future experiments.

   hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2021)·127 citations
10. 10*

    The Upper Bound of the Second Higgs Boson Mass in Minimal Gauge Mediation with the Gravitino Warm Dark Matter

    Gongjun Choi🇨🇳 · Tsutomu T. Yanagida🇨🇳 · Norimi Yokozaki🇨🇳

    A keV-scale gravitino arsing from a minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) is an interesting possibility since the small scale problems that $\Lambda$CDM model encounters in the modern cosmology could be alleviated with the keV-scale gravitino serving as the warm dark matter (WDM). Such a light gravitino asks for a low scale supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking for which the gauge mediation (GM) is required as a consistent SUSY-breaking mediation mechanism. In this paper, we show upperbounds of the masses of the second CP-even Higgs boson $H$ and the CP-odd Higgs boson $A$, assuming the keV-scale gravitino to be responsible for the current DM relic abundance: the upperbound on the mass of $H/A$ is found to be $\sim 4$ TeV for the gravitino mass of $\mathcal{O}(10$-$100)$ keV. Interestingly, the mass of $H/A$ can be as small as 2-3 TeV and the predicted $\tan \beta$ is as large as 55-60 for the gravitino mass of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ keV. This will be tested in the near future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2021)·3 citations
11. 11*

    Fully-heavy structures in the invariant mass spectrum of $J/\psi \psi (3686)$, $J/\psi \psi (3770)$, $\psi (3686)\psi (3686)$, and $J/\psi {\rm Y}(1S)$ at hadron colliders

    Jun-Zhang Wang🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳 · Takayuki Matsuki🇯🇵

    Motivated by a recent successful dynamical explanation for the newly observed fully-charm structure $X(6900)$ in the mass spectrum of di-$J/\psi$ by LHCb [J.~Z.~Wang \textit{et al.} arXiv:2008.07430], in this work, we extend the same dynamical rescattering mechanism to predict the line shape of more potential fully-heavy structures in the invariant mass spectrum of $J/\psi \psi (3686)$, $J/\psi \psi (3770)$, $\psi (3686)\psi (3686)$, and $J/\psi {\rm Y}(1S)$ at high energy proton-proton collisions, whose verification in experiments should be helpful to further clarify the nature of $X(6900)$. The above final states of vector heavy quarkonia can be experimentally reconstructed more effectively by a ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ pair in the muon detector compared with $Q\bar{Q}$ meson with other quantum numbers. Furthermore, the corresponding peak mass positions of each of predicted fully-heavy structures are also given. Our theoretical studies here could provide some valuable information for the future measurement proposals of LHCb and CMS, especially based on the accumulated data after completing Run III of LHC in the near future.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2021)·31 citations
12. 12*

    Parton energy loss in a hard-soft factorized approach

    Tianyu Dai🇺🇸 · Jean-François Paquet🇺🇸 · Derek Teaney🇺🇸 · Steffen A. Bass🇺🇸

    An energetic parton travelling through a quark-gluon plasma loses energy via occasional hard scatterings and frequent softer interactions. Whether or not these interactions admit a perturbative description, the effect of the soft interactions can be factorized and encoded in a small number of transport coefficients. In this work, we present a hard-soft factorized parton energy loss model which combines a stochastic description of soft interactions and rate-based modelling of hard scatterings. We introduce a scale to estimate the regime of validity of the stochastic description, allowing for a better understanding of the model's applicability at small and large coupling. We study the energy and fermion-number cascade of energetic partons as an application of the model.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2022)·18 citations
13. 13*

    Central exclusive production of axial-vector $f_1$ mesons in proton-proton collisions

    Piotr Lebiedowicz🇵🇱 · Josef Leutgeb🇦🇹 · Otto Nachtmann🇩🇪 · Anton Rebhan🇦🇹 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

    The production of $f_1$ ($J^{PC}=1^{++}$) mesons in proton-proton collisions via pomeron-pomeron fusion is discussed. Two ways to construct the pomeron-pomeron-$f_1$ coupling are presented. Comparisons with data from the WA102 experiment are made and predictions for RHIC and LHC experiments are given.

    hep-phhep-exPoS(2021)·0 citations
14. 14*

    A Final Word on FCNC-Baryogenesis from Two Higgs Doublets

    Wei-Shu Hou🇹🇼 · Tanmoy Modak🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪

    Electroweak baryogenesis in a two-Higgs doublet model is a well-motivated and testable scenario for physics beyond the Standard Model. An attractive way of providing $CP$ violation is through flavor-changing Higgs couplings, where the top-charm coupling is hardly constrained. This minimal scenario can be tested by searching for heavy charged and neutral Higgs bosons at the LHC. While the charged Higgs signature requires a dedicated analysis, the neutral Higgs signature will be covered by a general search for same-sign top pairs. Together, they provide a conclusive test of this kind of baryogenesis.

    hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2021)·10 citations
15. 15*

    Damped Neutrino Oscillations in a Conformal Coupling Model

    H. Mohseni Sadjadi🇮🇷 · H. Yazdani Ahmadabadi🇮🇷

    Flavor transitions of Neutrinos with a nonstandard interaction are studied. A scalar field is conformally coupled to matter and neutrinos. This interaction alters the neutrino effective mass and its wavefunction leading to a damping factor, causing deficits in the probability densities and affecting the oscillation phase. As the matter density determines the scalar field's behavior, we also have an indirect matter density effect on the flavor conversion. We explain our results in the context of screening models and study the deficit in the total flux of electron-neutrinos produced in the Sun through the decay process and confront our results with observational data.

    hep-phgr-qchep-thPRD(2021)·15 citations
16. 16*

    Probes of the quark-gluon plasma and plasma instabilities

    Sigtryggur Hauksson🇨🇦 · Sangyong Jeon🇨🇦 · Charles Gale🇨🇦

    Penetrating probes in heavy-ion collisions, like jets and photons, are sensitive to the transport coefficients of the produced quark-gluon plasma, such as shear and bulk viscosity. Quantifying this sensitivity requires a detailed understanding of photon emission and jet-medium interaction in a non-equilibrium plasma. Up to now, such an understanding has been hindered by plasma instabilities which arise out of equilibrium and lead to spurious divergences when evaluating the rate of interaction of hard probes with the plasma. In this paper, we show that taking into account the time evolution of an unstable plasma cures these divergences. We calculate the time evolution of gluon two-point correlators in a setup with small initial momentum anisotropy and show that the gluon occupation density grows exponentially at early times. Based on this calculation, we argue for a phenomenological prescription where instability poles are subtracted. Finally, we show that in the Abelian case instability fields do not affect medium-induced photon emission to our order of approximation.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2021)·17 citations
17. 17*

    Modern meson spectroscopy: the fundamental role of unitarity

    Eef van Beveren🇵🇹 · George Rupp🇵🇹

    The importance of $S$-matrix unitarity in realistic meson spectroscopy is reviewed, both its historical development and more recent applications. First the effects of imposing $S$-matrix unitarity on meson resonances is demonstrated in both the elastic and the inelastic case. Then, the static quark model is revisited and its theoretical as well as phenomenological shortcomings are highlighted. A detailed account is presented of the mesons in the tables of the Particle Data Group that cannot be explained at all or only poorly in models describing mesons as pure quark-antiquark bound states. Next the earliest unitarised and coupled-channel models are revisited, followed by several examples of puzzling meson resonances and their understanding in a modern unitarised framework. Also, recent and fully unquenched lattice descriptions of such mesons are summarised. Finally, attention is paid to production processes, which require an unconventional yet related unitary approach. Proposals for further improvement are discussed.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPPNP(2021)·31 citations
18. 18*

    Exothermic dark mesons in light of electron recoil excess at XENON1T

    Soo-Min Choi🇩🇪 · Hyun Min Lee🇰🇷 · Bin Zhu🇨🇳

    We consider a novel mechanism to realize exothermic dark matter with dark mesons in the limit of approximate flavor symmetry in a dark QCD. We introduce a local dark $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ symmetry to communicate between dark mesons and the Standard Model via $Z^{\prime }$ portal by partially gauging the dark flavor symmetry with flavor-dependent charges for cancelling chiral anomalies in the dark sector. After the dark local $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ is broken spontaneously by the VEV of a dark Higgs, there appear small mass splittings between dark quarks, consequently, leading to small split masses for dark mesons, required to explain the electron recoil excess in XENON1T by the inelastic scattering between dark mesons and electron. We propose a concrete benchmark model for split dark mesons based on $SU(3{)}_L\times SU(3{)}_R/SU(3{)}_V$ flavor symmetry and $SU(N_c)$ color group and show that there exists a parameter space making a better fit to the XENON1T data with two correlated peaks from exothermic processes and satisfying the correct relic density, current experimental and theoretical constraints.

    hep-phJHEP(2021)·23 citations
19. 19*

    Chiral effective Lagrangian for heavy-light mesons from QCD: $1/m_Q$ correction

    Qing-Sen Chen🇨🇳 · Hui-Feng Fu🇨🇳 · Yong-Liang Ma🇨🇳 · Qing Wang🇨🇳

    As a successive work to [Phys.Rev.D 102 (2020), 034034], we derive the $1/m_Q$ corrections to chiral effective Lagrangian for heavy-light mesons from QCD under proper approximations. The low energy constants in the effective Lagrangian are expressed in terms of the light quark self-energy and heavy quark mass $m_Q$. Numerical results of the low energy constants with $1/m_Q$ corrections are given. We find that the results of pion decay constant and the masses of heavy-light mesons are improved coherently compared to that obtained in the heavy quark limit.

    hep-ph2 citations
20. 20*

    Classifying Standard Model Extensions Effectively with Precision Observables

    Supratim Das Bakshi🇮🇳 · Joydeep Chakrabortty🇮🇳 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

    Effective theories are well established theoretical frameworks to describe the effect of energetically widely separated UV models on observables at lower energy scales. Due to the complexity of the effective theory when taking all the Standard Model symmetries and degrees of freedoms into account, tensioning the entire system in a completely agnostic way against experimental measurements results in constraints on the Wilson Coefficients of the effective operators that either bears little information or challenge intrinsic assumptions imposed on the effective field theory framework. In general, a specific high-scale extension of the Standard Model only induces a subset of all possible operators. Thus, by investigating which operators are induced by different classes of the Standard Model extensions and comparing to which precision observables they contribute, we show that it is possible to obtain an improved understanding of which UV model is realised in nature. We consider 15 UV models which are single scalar field extensions of the Standard Model and compute their dimension-6 operators after integrating out the heavy scalars up to 1-loop level. Only very few of these scenarios remain indistinguishable, while most of the models can be phenomenologically separated from one another. Most of these scenarios possess their own characteristic operator signature. Following the approach outlined here, a comparative analysis of a wide range of models will allow to assess at what level the effective field theory series can be truncated and which experimental measurements to prioritise.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thPRD(2021)·23 citations
21. 21*

    Quarks at next-to-eikonal accuracy in the CGC I: Forward quark-nucleus scattering

    Tolga Altinoluk🇵🇱 · Guillaume Beuf🇵🇱 · Alina Czajka🇵🇱 · Arantxa Tymowska🇵🇱

    We derive Next-to-Eikonal (NEik) corrections to the background quark propagator, which stem from (i) considering a finite longitudinal width target instead of an infinitely thin shockwave and (ii) including the interaction of the quark with the transverse components of the background field. These two different corrections to the eikonal approximation combine together and provides a gauge covariant expression for the quark propagator at NEik accuracy. We then apply our results to quark (or antiquark) scattering on a nucleus at NEik accuracy, considering both unpolarized cross section and helicity asymmetry.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·76 citations
22. 22*

    OPE and quark-hadron duality for two-point functions of tetraquark currents in $1/N_c$ expansion

    Wolfgang Lucha🇦🇹 · Dmitri Melikhov🇷🇺 · Hagop Sazdjian🇫🇷

    We discuss the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) and quark-hadron duality for two-point Green functions of tetraquark currents. We emphasize that the factorizable part of the OPE series for such Green functions, including nonperturbative contributions described by QCD condensates, is saturated by the full system of ordinary hadrons and therefore cannot have any relationship to the possible tetraquark bound states. Possible tetraquark bound states may be contained in nonfactorizable parts of these Green functions. In the framework of the $1/N_c$ expansion in QCD$(N_c)$, nonfactorizable parts of the two-point Green functions of tetraquark currents provide $N_c$-suppressed contributions compared to the $N_c$-leading factorizable parts. A possible exotic tetraquark state may appear only in $N_c$-subleading contributions to the QCD Green functions, in full accord with the well-known rigorous properties of large-$N_c$ QCD.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·8 citations
23. 23*

    Spin rotation of neutrinos produced by compact magnetized astrophysical objects

    A. V. Chukhnova🇷🇺 · A. E. Lobanov🇷🇺

    We study the propagation of neutrinos from compact astrophysical objects with strong magnetic field, such as magnetars. Both neutrino spin rotation and oscillations in a realistic three-flavor model are taken into account. We solve the neutrino evolution equation in the magnetic field near the object and obtain the probabilities of all possible spin-flavor transitions. Assuming that neutrinos are produced in the interior of the star being in their left-handed state with electron flavor, we use these spin-flavor transition probabilities to estimate the fraction of neutrinos, which change their helicity during propagation to the Earth and thus become unobservable. Using the model of the magnetar with dipolar magnetic field, we demonstrate anisotropy in the left-handed and right-handed neutrino fluxes from such astrophysical objects.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE1 citation
24. 24*

    Complementary probe of dark matter blind spots by lepton colliders and gravitational waves

    Yan Wang🇨🇳 · Chong Sheng Li🇨🇳 · Fa Peng Huang🇺🇸

    We study how to unravel the dark matter blind spots by phase transition gravitational waves in synergy with collider signatures at electroweak one-loop level taking the inert doublet model as an example. We perform a detailed Monte Carlo study at the future lepton colliders in the favored parameter space, which is consistent with current dark matter experiments and collider constraints. Our studies demonstrate that the Circular Electron Positron Collider and other future lepton colliders have the potential to explore the dark matter blind spots.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·14 citations
25. 25*

    Muon $g-2$ at multi-TeV muon collider

    Wen Yin🇯🇵 · Masahiro Yamaguchi🇯🇵

    The long-standing discrepancy of muon $g-2$ is a hint of new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. In this letter we show that heavy new physics contribution can be fully tested at a muon collider with center-of-mass energy up to $O(10)$TeV. Even if there is no new particle in this energy range, one can measure the $g-2$ directly via the channel to a Higgs boson and a monochromatic photon.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·121 citations
26. 26*

    Cosmological phase transitions: is effective field theory just a toy?

    Marieke Postma🇳🇱 · Graham White🇯🇵

    To obtain a first order phase transition requires large new physics corrections to the Standard Model (SM) Higgs potential. This implies that the scale of new physics is relatively low, raising the question whether an effective field theory (EFT) description can be used to analyse the phase transition in a (nearly) model-independent way. We show analytically and numerically that first order phase transitions in perturbative extensions of the SM cannot be described by the SM-EFT. The exception are Higgs-singlet extension with tree-level matching; but even in this case the SM-EFT can only capture part of the full parameter space, and if truncated at dim-6 operators, the description is at most qualitative. We also comment on the applicability of EFT techniques to dark sector phase transitions.

    hep-phJHEP(2021)·49 citations
27. 27*

    Earth-bound Milli-charge Relics

    Maxim Pospelov🇺🇸 · Harikrishnan Ramani🇺🇸

    Dark sector particles with small electric charge, or millicharge, (mCPs) may lead to a variety of diverse phenomena in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Assuming their possible existence, we investigate the accumulation and propagation of mCPs in matter, specifically inside the Earth. Even small values of millicharge lead to sizeable scattering cross sections on atoms, resulting in complete thermalization, and as a consequence, considerable build-up of number densities of mCPs, especially for the values of masses of GeV and higher when the evaporation becomes inhibited. Enhancement of mCP densities compared to their galactic abundance, that can be as big as $10^{14}$, leads to the possibility of new experimental probes for this model. The annihilation of pairs of mCPs will result in new signatures for the large volume detectors (such as Super-Kamiokande). Formation of bound states of negatively charged mCPs with nuclei can be observed by direct dark matter detection experiments. A unique probe of mCP can be developed using underground electrostatic accelerators that can directly accelerate mCPs above the experimental thresholds of direct dark matter detection experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2021)·55 citations
28. 28*

    Baryogenesis in the Standard Model and its Supersymmetric Extension

    Chee Sheng Fong🇧🇷

    In this work, we classify all the effective $U(1)$ symmetries and their associated Noether charges in the Standard Model (SM) and its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) from the highest scale after inflation down to the weak scale. We then demonstrate that the discovery of the violation of baryon minus lepton number ($B-L$) which pinpoints to its violation in primordial Universe at any cosmic temperature above $30$ TeV will open up a new window of baryogenesis in these effective charges above this scale. While the fast SM baryon number violation in the early Universe could be the first piece to solve the puzzle of cosmic baryon asymmetry, $(B-L)$ violation could be the second important piece. In the background of expanding Universe, there is ample opportunity for out-of-equilibrium processes to generate an asymmetry in the numerous effective charges in the SM or the MSSM, making a baryon asymmetric Universe almost unavoidable. Finally we provide examples in the SM and the MSSM where baryogenesis can proceed through out-of-equilibrium dynamics without explicitly breaking baryon nor lepton number.

    hep-phPRD(2021)·10 citations
29. 29*

    Examining the end of inflation with primordial black holes mass distribution and gravitational waves

    Amjad Ashoorioon🇮🇷 · Abasalt Rostami🇮🇷 · Javad T. Firouzjaee🇮🇷

    We explicitly construct a double-field inflationary model, which satisfies the latest Planck constraints at the cosmic microwave background (CMB) scales and produces the whole dark matter energy density as primordial black holes (PBHs), in the mass range $10^{-17}{M}_{\odot }\lesssim M_{{}_{\mathrm{PBH}}}\lesssim 10^{-13}{M}_{\odot }$. The PBHs can be produced after the end of slow-roll inflation from the bubbles of true vacuum that nucleate during the course of inflation. Obtaining PBHs in this mass range enforces the scale of inflation to be extremely low, $10^{-7}\lesssim H\lesssim 10^{-3}\mathrm{GeV}$, which makes the efforts to observe gravitational waves at the CMB scales futile, although it is high enough to allow for a successful big bang nucleosynthesis. We will show that the shape of the mass distribution of the PBHs is dependent on how inflation ends and the Universe settles from the metastable direction to the true one. End of inflation can also be probed by examining the gravitational waves spectrum. In particular, we show that if exit from the rolling metastable direction to the true vacuum of the potential happens through a first-order phase transition after the end of slow-roll inflation, it leaves behind a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), which is potentially observable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. Examining the mass distribution of PBHs and possible SGWB from the end of inflation, we may be able to gain invaluable information about the end of inflation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2021)·85 citations
30. 30*

    Energetics of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray nuclei

    Yu Jiang🇺🇸 · B. Theodore Zhang🇺🇸 · Kohta Murase🇺🇸

    Energetics of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) generated in the universe is crucial for pinning down their candidate sources. Using the recent Auger data on UHECR spectra, we calculate the UHECR energy generation rate density for different species of nuclei at the injection, considering intermediate and heavy nuclei as well as protons, through scanning over source parameters on the spectral index, maximum energy and redshift evolution. We find the resulting UHECR energy generation rate density to be $\approx (0.2-2)\times$10${}^{44}$~erg~Mpc${}^{-3}$~yr${}^{-1}$ at $10^{19.5}$~eV with a nontrivial dependence on the spectral index. Nuclei other than protons and irons favor hard spectral indices at the injection, and the required value of energy budget is smaller for intermediate nuclei. Given significant uncertainties in hadronic interaction models and astrophysical models for the Galactic-extragalactic transition, our results can be regarded as conservative. The composition data on $X_{\max }$ give additional constraints, but the results are consistent within the model uncertainties.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2021)·21 citations
31. 31*

    Comparison of differential elastic cross sections in $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions as evidence of the existence of the colourless $C$-odd three-gluon state

    C. Royon🇺🇸

    We analyze the differences between the $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ differentia l elastic cross section measurements by the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations at the Tevatron, Fermilab, and the LHC, CERN that lead to a significance larger than 3$\sigma$ of the existence of the colourless $C$-odd three-gluon state, the odderon.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPoS(2021)·2 citations
32. 32*

    The Large $N_c$ limit of QCD on the lattice

    Pilar Hernández🇪🇸 · Fernando Romero-López🇪🇸

    We review recent progress in the study of the large $N_c$ limit of gauge theories from lattice simulations. The focus is not only the planar limit but also the size of $\mathcal{O}(N_c^{-1})$ corrections for values of $N_c\gtrsim 3$. Some concrete examples of the topics we include are tests of large-$N_c$ factorization, the topological susceptibility, the glueball, meson and baryon spectra, the chiral dependence of masses and decay constants, and weak matrix elements related to the $\Delta I=1/2$ rule in kaon decays.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phEPJA(2021)·42 citations
33. 33*

    Renormalization group analysis of superradiant growth of self-interacting axion cloud

    Hidetoshi Omiya🇯🇵 · Takuya Takahashi🇯🇵 · Takahiro Tanaka🇯🇵

    There are strong interests in considering ultra-light scalar fields (especially axion) around a rapidly rotating black hole because of the possibility of observing gravitational waves from axion condensate (axion cloud) around black holes. Motivated by this consideration, we propose a new method to study the dynamics of an ultra-light scalar field with self-interaction around a rapidly rotating black hole, which uses the dynamical renormalization group method. We find that for relativistic clouds, saturation of the superradiant instability by the scattering of the axion due to the self-interaction does not occur in the weakly non-linear regime when we consider the adiabatic growth of the cloud from a single superradiant mode. This may suggest that for relativistic axion clouds, an explosive phenomenon called the Bosenova may inevitably happen, at least once in its evolutionary history.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPTEP(2021)·31 citations
34. 34*

    Cancellation of One-loop Corrections to Scalar Masses in Flux Compactification with Higher Dimensional Operators

    Takuya Hirose🇯🇵 · Nobuhito Maru🇯🇵

    We further study the cancellation of the one-loop corrections to the scalar mass in a six dimensional SU(2) gauge theory with higher dimensional operators, which is compactified on a torus with magnetic flux. Higher dimensional operators also contribute to the corrections to the scalar mass nontrivially. We explicitly show by the diagrammatic calculations that the corrections are exactly cancelled even with the leading terms of the higher dimensional operators.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJ.Phys.G(2021)·7 citations
35. 35*

    Cross-correlations as a Diagnostic Tool for Primordial Gravitational Waves

    Ameek Malhotra🇦🇺 · Ema Dimastrogiovanni🇦🇺 · Matteo Fasiello🇪🇸 · Maresuke Shiraishi🇯🇵

    We explore and corroborate, by working out explicit examples, the effectiveness of cross-correlating stochastic gravitational wave background anisotropies with CMB temperature fluctuations as a way to establish the primordial nature of a given gravitational wave signal. We consider the case of gravitational wave anisotropies induced by scalar-tensor-tensor primordial non-Gaussianity. Our analysis spans anisotropies exhibiting different angular behaviours, including a quadrupolar dependence. We calculate the expected uncertainty on the non-linearity parameter $F_{\mathrm{NL}}$ obtained as a result of cross-correlation measurements for several proposed experiments such as the ground-based Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and the space-based Big-Bang Observer. As a benchmark for future survey planning, we also calculate the theoretical, cosmic-variance-limited, error on the non-linearity parameter.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2021)·38 citations
36. 36*

    Clear correlation between monopoles and the chiral condensate in SU(3) QCD

    Hiroki Ohata (YITP, Kyoto U.)🇯🇵 · Hideo Suganuma (Kyoto U.)🇯🇵

    We study spontaneous chiral-symmetry breaking in SU(3) QCD in terms of the dual superconductor picture for quark confinement in the maximally Abelian (MA) gauge, using lattice QCD Monte Carlo simulations with four different lattices of $16^4$, $24^4$, $24^3\times 6$ at $\beta =6.0$ (i.e., the spacing $a\simeq$ 0.1 fm), and $32^4$ at $\beta =6.2$ (i.e., $a\simeq$ 0.075 fm), at the quenched level. First, in the confinement phase, we find Abelian dominance and monopole dominance in the MA gauge for the chiral condensate in the chiral limit,using the two different methods of i) the Banks-Casher relation with the Dirac eigenvalue density and ii) finite quark-mass calculations with the quark propagator and its chiral extrapolation. In the high-temperature deconfined phase, the chiral restoration is observed also for the Abelian and the monopole sectors. Second, we investigate local correlation between the chiral condensate and monopoles, which topologically appear in the MA gauge. We find that the chiral condensate locally takes a quite large value near monopoles. As an interesting possibility, the strong magnetic field around monopoles is responsible to chiral symmetry breaking in QCD, similarly to the magnetic catalysis.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPRD(2021)·9 citations
37. 37*

    Zero-Permutation Jet-Parton Assignment using a Self-Attention Network

    Jason Sang Hun Lee🇰🇷 · Inkyu Park🇰🇷 · Ian James Watson🇰🇷 · Seungjin Yang🇰🇷

    In high-energy particle physics events, it can be advantageous to find the jets associated with the decays of intermediate states, for example, the three jets produced by the hadronic decay of the top quark. Typically, a goodness-of-association measure, such as a ${\chi }^2$ related to the mass of the associated jets, is constructed, and the best jet combination is found by optimizing this measure. As this process suffers from a combinatorial explosion with the number of jets, the number of permutations is limited by using only the $n$ highest $p_T$ jets. The self-attention block is a neural network unit used for the neural machine translation problem, which can highlight relationships between any number of inputs in a single iteration without permutations. In this paper, we introduce the Self-Attention for Jet Assignment (SaJa) network. SaJa can take any number of jets for input and outputs probabilities of jet-parton assignment for all jets in a single step. We apply SaJa to find jet-parton assignments of fully-hadronic $t\bar{t}$ events to evaluate the performance. We show that SaJa achieves better performance than a likelihood-based approach.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phJ.Korean Phys.Soc.(2024)·32 citations
38. 38*

    The Galactic bulge millisecond pulsars shining in X rays: A gamma-ray perspective

    Joanna Berteaud🇫🇷 · Francesca Calore🇫🇷 · Maica Clavel🇫🇷 · Pasquale Dario Serpico🇫🇷 · Guillaume Dubus🇫🇷 · Pierre-Olivier Petrucci🇫🇷

    If the mysterious Fermi-LAT GeV gamma-ray excess is due to an unresolved population of millisecond pulsars (MSP) in the Galactic bulge, one expects this very same population to shine in X rays. For the first time, we address the question of what is the sensitivity of current X-ray telescopes to an MSP population in the Galactic bulge. To this end, we create a synthetic population of Galactic MSPs, building on an empirical connection between gamma- and X-ray MSP emission based on observed source properties. We compare our model with compact sources in the latest Chandra source catalog, applying selections based on spectral observables and optical astrometry with Gaia. We find a significant number of Chandra sources in the region of interest to be consistent with being bulge MSPs that are as yet unidentified. This motivates dedicated multi-wavelength searches for bulge MSPs: Some promising directions are briefly discussed.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2021)·26 citations
39. 39*

    Calibration of the momentum scale of a particle physics detector using the Armenteros-Podolanski plot

    Pablo Baladrón Rodríguez🇪🇸 · Veronika Chobanova🇪🇸 · Xabier Cid Vidal🇪🇸 · Vladimir Gligorov🇫🇷 · Miriam Lucio Martínez🇳🇱 · Jovan Markov🇮🇱 · Diego Martínez Santos🇪🇸 · Máximo Pló Casasús🇪🇸

    A method for calibrating the momentum scale in a particle physics detector is described. The method relies on the determination of the masses of the final state particles in two-body decays of neutral particles, which can then be used to obtain corrections in the momentum scale. A modified version of the Armenteros-Podolanski plot and the $K_S^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decay is used as a proof of principle for this method.

    ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-phJINST(2021)·13 citations
40. 40*

    Cooper Triples in Attractive Three-Component Fermions: Implication for Hadron-Quark Crossover

    Hiroyuki Tajima🇯🇵 · Shoichiro Tsutsui🇯🇵 · Takahiro M. Doi🇯🇵 · Kei Iida🇯🇵

    We investigate many-body properties of equally populated three-component fermions with attractive three-body contact interaction in one dimension. A diagrammatic approach suggests the possible occurrence of Cooper triples at low temperature, which are three-body counterparts of Cooper pairs with a two-body attraction. We develop a minimal framework that bridges the crossover from tightly-bound trimers to Cooper triples with increasing chemical potential and show how the formation of Cooper triples occurs in the grand-canonical phase diagram. Moreover, we argue that this non-trivial crossover is similar to the hadron-quark crossover proposed in dense matter. A coexistence of medium-induced triples and the underlying Fermi sea at positive chemical potential is analogous to quarkyonic matter consisting of baryonic excitations and the underlying quark Fermi sea. The comparison with the existing quantum Monte Carlo results implies that the emergence of these kinds of three-body states can be a microscopic origin of the peak of the sound velocity along the crossover.

    ↳ cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.str-elhep-phnucl-thPRResearch(2022)·27 citations
41. 41*

    Boosting small-scale structure via primordial black holes and implications for sub-GeV dark matter annihilation

    Kenji Kadota🇰🇷 · Joseph Silk🇫🇷

    We explore the possibility that the annihilation of dark matter (DM) is boosted due to enhanced substructure in the presence of primordial black holes (PBHs) which constitute a sub-component of DM. The PBHs can generate entropy fluctuations at the small scales which trigger early structure formation, and a large fraction of the whole DM can reside in these collapsed objects that formed at high redshift ($z\gtrsim 100$). Such early forming minihalos consequently possess higher densities than those in the conventional scenarios (without PBHs) and would be more resilient to tidal disruptions. Our scenarios of the annihilation boost due to DM substructures are of particular interest for light ($<1$ GeV) DM which has been less explored compared to heavier DM in the presence of the PBHs.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2021)·15 citations
42. 42*

    On Primordial Black Holes from Rapid Turns in Two-field Models

    Lilia Anguelova🇧🇬

    We study rapid-turn trajectories in a class of two-field cosmological models, whose scalar manifold is the Poincaré disk. Background solutions in multi-field inflation, with field-space trajectories exhibiting sharp turns, can seed primordial black hole (PBH) formation. We investigate a class of exact solutions with hidden symmetry and show that they exhibit the kind of transient rapid-turn period, needed to induce PBH generation. Furthermore, we relax the symmetry condition and find, in a certain regime, modified solutions with improved behavior of the Hubble $\eta$-parameter, which preserve the desired shape of the turning rate function. Interestingly, the modified solutions describe a brief ultra-slow roll phase, followed by long-term slow roll inflation. It is notable that slow roll occurs near the center (not near the boundary) of the Poincaré disk, unlike in the standard $\alpha$-attractor case.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2021)·55 citations
43. 43*

    Transverse expansion of (1 + 2) dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics flow with longitudinal boost invariance

    R.Emamian🇮🇷 · A. F. Kord🇮🇷 · A. Ghaani🇮🇷 · B.Azadegan🇮🇷

    In the present work, we investigate the effects of magnetic field on expanding hot and dense nuclear matter as an ideal fluid. We consider QGP, on the particular case of a (1 + 2) dimensional longitudinally boost-invariant fluid expansion, in the background of an inhomogeneous magnetic field that is generated by external sources. We assume the magnetic field points in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane, follows the power-law decay in proper time, and has two components on the transverse plane. To simplify the calculation, we suppose the investigated fluid has azimuthal symmetry, and magneto-hydrodynamic equations are described in a polar coordinate system on the transverse plane of reaction. Our results depict the space-time evolution of the transverse expansion of the fluid in the presence of an inhomogeneous external magnetic field. Ultimately, we utilize transverse velocity and correction of energy density to estimate the transverse momentum spectrum of final particles that emerge from heavy-ion collisions based on experimental data.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thPLB(2022)·2 citations
44. 44*

    The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon: status of Lattice QCD calculations

    Antoine Gérardin🇫🇷

    In recent years, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon has triggered a lot of activity in the lattice QCD community because a persistent tension of about $3.5\sigma$ is observed between the phenomenological estimate and the Brookhaven measurement. The current best phenomenological estimate has an uncertainty comparable to the experimental one and the error is completely dominated by hadronic effects: the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution and the hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering contribution. Both are accessible via lattice simulations and a reduction of the error by a factor 4 is required in view of the forthcoming experiments at Fermilab and J-PARC whose results, expected in the next few years, should reduce the experimental precision down to the level of $0.14$ppm. In this article, I review the status of lattice calculations of those quantities, starting with the HVP. This contribution has now reached sub-percent precision and requires a careful understanding of all sources of systematic errors. The HLbL contribution, that is much smaller, still contributes significantly to the error. This contribution is more challenging to compute, but rapid progress has been made on the lattice in the last few years.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phEPJA(2021)·33 citations
45. 45*

    An Exceptional Combinatorial Sequence and Standard Model Particles

    Benjamin Nasmith

    Three-graded root systems can be arranged into nested sequences. One exceptional sequence provides a natural means to recover some structures and symmetries familiar in the context of particle physics.

    ↳ math.COhep-ph2 citations
46. 46*

    Neutrino flavor mixing breaks isotropy in the early universe

    Rasmus S. L. Hansen🇩🇰 · Shashank Shalgar🇩🇰 · Irene Tamborra🇩🇰

    The neutrino field is commonly assumed to be isotropic and homogeneous in the early universe. However, due to the large neutrino density, a small perturbation of the isotropy of the neutrino field could potentially be amplified by the non-linear flavor mixing caused by neutrino self-interactions. We carry out the first numerical simulations of the neutrino flavor evolution in a multi-angle anisotropic setting. Due to the computational challenges involved, we adopt a simplified framework consisting of a homogeneous universe with two angle bins -- left and right moving modes -- for neutrinos and antineutrinos, together with an approximate form for the collision term which goes beyond the commonly adopted damping approximation. By assuming a small initial left-right asymmetry of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-15})$, we convincingly demonstrate that flavor evolution can be affected in both mass orderings, with implications on the effective number of thermally excited neutrino species ($N_{\mathrm{eff}}$). Notably, the correction to $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is comparable to higher order corrections from finite temperature QED effects in normal ordering. In addition, by assuming an initial lepton asymmetry in the neutrino sector of the same order as the baryon one [$\mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$], we find that the neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry grows by several orders of magnitude for isotropic as well as anisotropic initial conditions. This work clearly shows that it is imperative to critically revisit standard assumptions concerning neutrino flavor mixing in the early universe, especially in the light of possible implications on the cosmological observables.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2021)·15 citations
47. 47*

    Cosmic-ray antiprotons in the AMS-02 era: A sensitive probe of dark matter

    Jan Heisig🇧🇪

    Cosmic-ray antiprotons are a powerful tool for astroparticle physics. While the bulk of measured antiprotons is consistent with a secondary origin, the precise data of the AMS-02 experiment provides us with encouraging prospects to search for a subdominant primary component, e.g. from dark matter. In this brief review, we discuss recent limits on heavy dark matter as well as a tentative signal from annihilation of dark matter with a mass $\lesssim 100$ GeV. We emphasize the special role of systematic errors that can affect the signal. In particular, we discuss recent progress in the modeling of secondary production cross sections and correlated errors in the AMS-02 data, the dominant ones originating from uncertainties in the cross sections for cosmic-ray absorption in the detector.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2021)·14 citations
48. 48*

    Anomaly Inflow and Holography

    Sungwoo Hong🇺🇸 · Gabriele Rigo🇺🇸

    We systematically study the anomaly inflow by the bulk Chern-Simons (CS) theory in a slice of five-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime (${\text{AdS}}_5$). The introduction of UV and IR 3-branes makes the anomaly story remarkably rich and many interesting aspects can be obtained, including weakly gauging and spontaneous symmetry breaking of the global symmetries of the dual 4D CFT. Our main contribution is to provide a unified and comprehensive discussion of the subject, together with a detailed description of the dual CFT picture for each case. Employing a gauge-fixed effective action suitable for a holographic study, we reproduce many known results in the literature, such as 't Hooft anomaly matching for unbroken symmetry (Neumann IR-BC) and (gauged) Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) action for broken symmetry (IR-BC breaks the bulk group $G\to H$). In addition, we show that anomaly matching occurs for ABJ anomalies as well as 't Hooft anomalies, which suggests anomalies inflowed from the bulk CS theory are necessarily free of mixed anomalies with the confining gauge force of the 4D dual CFT. In the case of broken symmetry, we prove that the "would-be" Goldstone bosons associated with the weakly gauged symmetry are completely removed by a proper field redefinition, provided the anomaly from the bulk is exactly cancelled by the boundary contribution, hence confirming the standard expectation. Moreover, we present a holographic formulation of Witten's argument for the quantization condition for the WZW action, and argue in favor of an alternative way to obtain the same condition using a "deformed" theory (different BCs). We work out several examples, including a product group with mixed anomaly, and identify the corresponding dual CFT picture. We consider a fully general case typically arising in the context of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2021)·8 citations
49. 49*

    Weyl-Invariant Gravity and the Nature of Dark Matter

    Meir Shimon🇮🇱

    The apparent missing mass in galaxies and galaxy clusters, commonly viewed as evidence for dark matter, could possibly originate from gradients in the gravitational coupling parameter, $G$, and active gravitational mass, $M_{act}$, rather than hypothetical beyond-the-standard-model particles. We argue that in (the weak field limit of) a Weyl-invariant extension of General Relativity, one can simply affect the change ${\Phi }_b(x)\to {\Phi }_b(x)+{\Phi }_{DM}(x)$, where ${\Phi }_b$ is the baryon-sourced potential and ${\Phi }_{DM}$ is the `excess' potential. This is compensated by gradients of $G{M}_{act}$ and a fractional increase of $O(-4{\Phi }_{DM}(x))$ in the baryon density, well below current detection thresholds on all relevant scales.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phClass.Quant.Grav.(2021)·4 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.