Thu·Oct 1, 2020Thursday·October 1, 2020

1. 01*

   Modular invariant flavor model of ${\mathrm{A}}_4$ and hierarchical structures at nearby fixed points

   Hiroshi Okada🇰🇷 · Morimitsu Tanimoto🇯🇵

   In the modular invariant flavor model of ${\mathrm{A}}_4$, we study the hierarchical structure of lepton/quark flavors at nearby fixed points of $\tau =i$ and $\tau =\omega$ of the modulus, which are in the fundamental domain of $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$. These fixed points correspond to the residual symmetries ${\mathbb{Z}}_2^S=\{I,S\}$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}_3^S=\{I,ST,(ST{)}^2\}$ of ${\mathrm{A}}_4$, where $S$ and $T$ are generators of the $A_4$ group. The infinite $\tau =i\infty$ also preserves the residual symmetry of the subgroup ${\mathbb{Z}}_3^T=\{I,T,T^2\}$ of ${\mathrm{A}}_4$. We study typical two-type mass matrices for charged leptons and quarks in terms of modular forms of weights $2$, $4$ and $6$ while the neutrino mass matrix with the modular forms of weight $4$ through the Weinberg operator. Linear modular forms are obtained approximately by performing Taylor expansion of modular forms around fixed points. By using them, the flavor structure of the lepton and quark mass matrices are examined at nearby fixed points. The hierarchical structure of these mass matrices is clearly shown in the diagonal base of $S$, $T$ and $ST$. The observed PMNS and CKM mixing matrices can be reproduced at nearby fixed points in some cases of mass matrices. By scanning model parameters numerically at nearby fixed points, our discussion are confirmed for both the normal hierarchy and inverted one of neutrino masses. Predictions are given for the sum of neutrino masses and the CP violating Dirac phase of leptons at each nearby fixed point.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·108 citations
2. 02*

   Wall speed and shape in singlet-assisted strong electroweak phase transitions

   Avi Friedlander🇨🇦 · Ian Banta🇺🇸 · James M. Cline🇨🇦 · David Tucker-Smith🇺🇸

   Models with singlet fields coupling to the Higgs can enable a strongly first order electroweak phase transition, of interest for baryogenesis and gravity waves. We improve on previous attempts to self-consistently solve for the bubble wall properties -- wall speed $v_w$ and shape -- in a highly predictive class of models with $Z_2$-symmetric singlet potentials. A new algorithm is implemented to determine $v_w$ and the wall profiles throughout the singlet parameter space in the case of subsonic walls, focusing on models with strong enough phase transitions to satisfy the sphaleron washout constraint for electroweak baryogenesis. We find speeds as low as $v_w\cong 0.1$ in our scan over parameter space, and the singlet must be relatively light to have a subsonic wall, $m_s\lesssim 135$ GeV.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2021)·62 citations
3. 03*

   Relativistic Impulse Approximation in the Atomic Ionization Process induced by Millicharged Particles

   Chen-Kai Qiao🇨🇳 · Shin-Ted Lin🇨🇳 · Hsin-Chang Chi🇹🇼 · Hai-Tao Jia🇨🇳

   The millicharged particle has become an attractive topic to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In direct detection experiments, the parameter space of millicharged particles can be constrained from the atomic ionization process. In this work, we develop the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) approach, which can duel with atomic many-body effects effectively, in the atomic ionization process induced by millicharged particles. The formulation of RIA in the atomic ionization induced by millicharged particles is derived, and the numerical calculations are obtained and compared with those from free electron approximation and equivalent photon approximation. Concretely, the atomic ionizations induced by mllicharged dark matter particles and millicharged neutrinos in high-purity germanium (HPGe) and liquid xenon (LXe) detectors are carefully studied in this work. The differential cross sections, reaction event rates in HPGe and LXe detectors, and detecting sensitivities on dark matter particle and neutrino millicharge in next-generation HPGe and LXe based experiments are estimated and calculated to give a comprehensive study. Our results suggested that the next-generation experiments would improve 2-3 orders of magnitude on dark matter particle millicharge ${\delta }_{\chi }$ than the current best experimental bounds in direct detection experiments. Furthermore, the next-generation experiments would also improve 2-3 times on neutrino millicharge ${\delta }_{\nu }$ than the current experimental bounds.

   hep-phhep-thphysics.atom-phJHEP(2021)·4 citations
4. 04*

   Production of W+jets in Relativistic heavy-ion collisions

   Shan-Liang Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang🇨🇳

   We carry out a detailed calculations of W+jets production in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In our calculations, the production of W+jet in p+p reference is obtained from Sherpa, which matches next-to-leading-order matrix elements to the resummation of parton shower calculations. Jet propagation and medium response in the quark-gluon plasma is simulated with the Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model. We calculate five observables of W+jets productions with jet quenching effect in Pb+Pb collisions: event distribution as a function of the vector sum of the lepton and jets $|{\vec{p}}_T^{Miss}|$, nuclear effects for tagged jet cross sections $I_{AA}$, azimuthal angle correlations $\Delta {\varphi }_{jW}$, mean value of momentum imbalance $⟨x_{jW}⟩$, average number of jets per W boson $R_{jW}$. The nuclear modifications of these 5 observables due to jet quenching in Pb+Pb relative to that in p+p collisions are discussed.

   hep-phPoS(2021)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Restricting Majorana phases in the Tri-Bi-Maximal limit

   Diana C. Rivera-Agudelo🇨🇴 · S. L. Tostado🇨🇴

   The Tri-Bi-Maximal pattern has been long investigated as the symmetric scenario that lies behind the neutrino mixing matrix. It predicts a null reactor angle and hence forbids $CP$ violation in the lepton sector, which is in contrast to the current experimental determinations. We explore different deviations from this pattern to restore the compatibility with the latest fits of neutrino mixing parameters. We consider two unitary matrices to correct the symmetric pattern, each of them is written in terms of one single angle and one complex phase, which will be constrained by the experimental mixings and from symmetry restrictions in the mass matrix. We note that these correction parameters would allow us to obtain simultaneous information about the Dirac and Majorana $CP$ phases in some specific scenarios. We show that the predicted values lead to sharped regions for the neutrinoless double beta decay amplitude, in the selected cases, that could be tested with forthcoming results.

   hep-phNPB(2021)·7 citations
6. 06*

   A study of the decays of $S-$wave ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ hadronic molecules: the scalar $X_0(2900)$ and its spin partners $X_{J(J=1,2)}$

   Cheng-Jian Xiao🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳 · Yu-Bing Dong🇨🇳 · Guang-Wei Meng🇨🇳

   In this work, we investigated the decays of the fully open-flavor tetraquark state $X_0(2900)$ which was observed by the LHCb Collaboration very recently. Here, the $X_0(2900)$ was assigned as a $S-$wave ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ hadronic molecule with $I=0$, and the effective lagrangian approach was applied to estimate the partial decay widths. Moreover, we also predicted the decay behaviors of the other unobserved $X_{J(J=1,2)}$, which were the spin partners of the $X_0(2900)$ in the $S-$wave ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ picture. It was pointed out that the $X_1$ state with $I=0$ was a broad state with the width more than one hundred MeV, while another $X_2$ state with $I=0$ was a narrow state with the width approaching half of that for the $X_0(2900)$. In addition, our results also showed that the ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }K$ mode was expected to be the dominant decay mode for both $X_1$ and $X_2$. Searching for those unobserved $X_{J(J=1,2)}$ in the future experiments might be helpful to understand the nature of $X_0(2900)$.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·64 citations
7. 07*

   Final state Sommerfeld effect on dark matter relic abundance

   Xiaoyi Cui🇨🇳 · Feng Luo🇨🇳

   If the annihilation products of dark matter (DM) are non-relativistic and if there is some long-range force between them, there can be Sommerfeld effect for the final state particles. We study this effect on DM relic abundance in the thermal freeze-out scenario. As a proof of concept, we consider the case of a DM pair annihilation into a final state pair, assuming that the mutual interactions between the two final state particles give rise to a Coulomb-like potential, and that the masses of the initial and final state particles are similar, so that both the initial and final state particles are non-relativistic. The size of the final state Sommerfeld (FSS) effect depends on the strength of the potential, as well as on the mass ratio of the final and initial state particles. We find that the impact of the FSS effect on DM relic abundance can be significant, and an electroweak sized long-range interaction is large enough to make a correction well beyond the observational accuracy. Another feature of the FSS effect is that it could be suppressed when its time scale is longer than the lifetime of the final state particles. As a corollary, we also study in the DM coannihilation scenario where the initial state Sommerfeld effect between two coannihilators could be reduced due to their instability, which may need to be taken into account for an accurate calculation of the DM relic abundance.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2021)·6 citations
8. 08*

   The Matrix Element Method as a tool for precision and accuracy

   Till Martini🇩🇪 · Manfred Kraus🇩🇪 · Sascha Peitzsch🇩🇪 · Peter Uwer🇩🇪

   The Matrix Element Method is a promising multi-variate analysis tool which offers an optimal approach to compare theory and experiment according to the Neyman-Pearson lemma. However, until recently its usage has been limited by the fact that only leading-order predictions could be employed. The imperfect approximation of the underlying probability distribution can introduce a significant bias into the analysis which requires a major calibration for the method when applied to parameter determination. Moreover, estimating theoretical uncertainties by scale variation may yield unreliable results. We present the extension of the Matrix Element Method to next-to-leading order in QCD applicable to LHC data defined by common jet algorithms. The accuracy gain is illustrated by simulating a top-quark mass determination from single top-quark events generated with POWHEG+PYTHIA. Additionally, the method's potential for BSM parameter determination is demonstrated by simulating the extraction of a CP-violating Top-Yukawa coupling from events of single top-quarks in association with a Higgs boson.

   hep-phhep-exPoS(2020)·4 citations
9. 09*

   Neutrino oscillation in dark matter with $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$

   Wei Chao🇨🇳 · Yanyan Hu🇨🇳 · Siyu Jiang🇨🇳 · Mingjie Jin🇨🇳

   In this paper, we study the phenomenology of a Dirac dark matter in the $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ model and investigate the neutrino oscillation in the dark halo. Since dark matter couples to the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino with opposite sign couplings, it contributes effective potentials, $\pm A_{\chi }$, to the evolution equation of the neutrino flavor transition amplitude, which can be significant for high energy neutrino oscillations in a dense dark matter environment. We discuss neutrino masses, lepton mixing angles, Dirac CP phase, and neutrino oscillation probabilities in the dark halo using full numerical calculations. Results show that neutrinos can endure very different matter effects. When the potential $A_{\chi }$ becomes ultra-large, three neutrino flavors decouple from each other.

   hep-phCommun.Theor.Phys.(2026)·4 citations
10. 10*

    Exoplanets as Sub-GeV Dark Matter Detectors

    Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 · Juri Smirnov🇺🇸

    We present exoplanets as new targets to discover Dark Matter (DM). Throughout the Milky Way, DM can scatter, become captured, deposit annihilation energy, and increase the heat flow within exoplanets. We estimate upcoming infrared telescope sensitivity to this scenario, finding actionable discovery or exclusion searches. We find that DM with masses above about an MeV can be probed with exoplanets at DM-proton and DM-electron scattering cross sections down to about $10^{-37}$cm${}^2$, stronger than existing limits by up to six orders of magnitude. Supporting evidence of a DM origin can be identified through DM-induced exoplanet heating correlated with Galactic position, and hence DM density. This provides new motivation to measure the temperature of the billions of brown dwarfs, rogue planets, and gas giants peppered throughout our Galaxy.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPastro-ph.HEPRL(2021)·108 citations
11. 11*

    Universal gravitational-wave signatures from heavy new physics in the electroweak sector

    Astrid Eichhorn🇩🇰 · Johannes Lumma🇩🇪 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪 · Manuel Reichert🇩🇰 · Masatoshi Yamada🇩🇪

    We calculate the gravitational-wave spectra produced by the electroweak phase transition with TeV-scale Beyond-Standard-Model physics in the early universe. Our study captures the effect of quantum and thermal fluctuations within a non-perturbative framework. We discover a universal relation between the mean bubble separation and the strength parameter of the phase transition, which holds for a wide range of new-physics contributions. The ramifications of this result are three-fold: First, they constrain the gravitational-wave spectra resulting from heavy (TeV-scale) new physics. Second, they contribute to distinguishing heavy from light new physics directly from the gravitational-wave signature. Third, they suggest that a concerted effort of gravitational-wave observations together with collider experiments could be required to distinguish between different models of heavy new physics.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-thJCAP(2021)·36 citations
12. 12*

    Probing new $U(1)$ gauge symmetries via exotic $Z\to Z^{\prime }\gamma$ decays

    Lisa Michaels🇩🇪 · Felix Yu🇩🇪

    New $U(1)$ gauge theories involving Standard Model (SM) fermions typically require additional electroweak fermions for anomaly cancellation. We study the non-decoupling properties of these new fermions, called anomalons, in the $Z-Z^{\prime }-\gamma$ vertex function, reviewing the connection between the full model and the effective Wess-Zumino operator. We calculate the exotic $Z\to Z^{\prime }\gamma$ decay width in $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ and $U(1{)}_B$ models, where $B$ and $L$ denote the SM baryon and lepton number symmetries. For $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry, each generation of SM fermions is anomaly free and the exotic $Z\to Z_{BL}^{\prime }\gamma$ decay width is entirely induced by intragenerational mass splittings. In contrast, for $U(1{)}_B$ gauge symmetry, the existence of two distinct sources of chiral symmetry breaking enables a heavy, anomaly-free set of fermions to have an irreducible contribution to the $Z\to Z_B^{\prime }\gamma$ decay width. We show that the current LEP limits on the exotic $Z\to Z_B^{\prime }\gamma$ decay are weaker than previously estimated, and low-mass $Z_B^{\prime }$ dijet resonance searches are currently more constraining. We present a summary of the current collider bounds on $U(1{)}_B$ and a projection for a TeraZ factory on the $Z\to Z_B^{\prime }\gamma$ exotic decay, and emphasize how the $Z\to Z^{\prime }\gamma$ decay is emblematic of new anomalous $U(1)$ gauge symmetries.

    hep-phJHEP(2021)·35 citations
13. 13*

    D-wave effects in heavy quarkonium production in ultraperipheral nuclear collisions

    Michal Krelina🇨🇿 · Jan Nemchik🇨🇿

    The $D$-wave admixture in quarkonium wave functions is acquired from the photonlike structure of $V\to Q\bar{Q}$ transition in the light-front frame widely used in the literature. Such a $D$-wave ballast is not justified by any nonrelativistic model for $Q-\bar{Q}$ interaction potential and leads to falsified predictions for the cross sections in heavy quarkonium production in ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions. We analyze this negative role of $D$-wave contribution by comparing with our previous studies based on a simple non-photon-like "$S$-wave-only" $V\to Q\bar{Q}$ transition in the $Q\bar{Q}$ rest frame.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2020)·6 citations
14. 14*

    Multi-photon enhancement of the Schwinger pair production mechanism under strong FEL radiation

    G. Mouloudakis🇬🇷 · P. Lambropoulos🇬🇷

    In this work we study the production of electron-positron pairs from vacuum in presence of a field resulting from the collision of two counter-propagating FEL beams that undergo Gaussian amplitude fluctuations. Our work aims to the extension of previous works based on the standing wave hypothesis, by including the inherent stochastic amplitude fluctuations of the individual FEL beams. As shown, depending on the order of the process, a large non-linear enhancement in the number of created pairs can be expected over a big intensity window in the multi-photon regime. Vacuum pair creation in view of future plans on the production of ultra-strong and high energy radiation in FEL facilities is also discussed.

    hep-phhep-thquant-phPLB(2020)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Probing dark photons in the early universe with big bang nucleosynthesis

    Jung-Tsung Li🇺🇸 · George M. Fuller🇺🇸 · Evan Grohs🇺🇸

    We perform calculations of dark photon production and decay in the early universe for ranges of dark photon masses and vacuum coupling with standard model photons. Simultaneously and self-consistently with dark photon production and decay, our calculations include a complete treatment of weak decoupling and big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) physics. These calculations incorporate all relevant weak, electromagnetic, and strong nuclear reactions, including charge-changing (isospin-changing) lepton capture and decay processes. They reveal a rich interplay of dark photon production, decay, and associated out-of-equilibrium transport of entropy into the decoupling neutrino seas. Most importantly, the self-consistent nature of our simulations allows us to capture the magnitude and phasing of entropy injection and dilution. Entropy injection-induced alteration of the time-temperature-scale factor relation during weak decoupling and BBN leads to changes in the light element abundance yields and the total radiation content (as parametrized by $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$). These changes suggest ways to extend previous dark photon BBN constraints. However, our calculations also identify ranges of dark photon mass and couplings not yet constrained, but perhaps accessible and probable, in future Stage-4 cosmic microwave background experiments and future high precision primordial deuterium abundance measurements.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2020)·23 citations
16. 16*

    Covariant Phase Space and Soft Factorization in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories

    Temple He🇺🇸 · Prahar Mitra🇺🇸

    We perform a careful study of the infrared sector of massless non-abelian gauge theories in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime using the covariant phase space formalism, taking into account the boundary contributions arising from the gauge sector of the theory. Upon quantization, we show that the boundary contributions lead to an infinite degeneracy of the vacua. The Hilbert space of the vacuum sector is not only shown to be remarkably simple, but also universal. We derive a Ward identity that relates the n-point amplitude between two generic in- and out-vacuum states to the one computed in standard QFT. In addition, we demonstrate that the familiar single soft gluon theorem and multiple consecutive soft gluon theorem are consequences of the Ward identity.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2021)·51 citations
17. 17*

    Anomalous hydrodynamics with dyonic charge

    Yu Nakayama🇯🇵

    We study anomalous hydrodynamics with a dyonic charge. We show that the local second law of thermodynamics constrains the structure of the anomaly in addition to the structure of the hydrodynamic constitutive equations. In particular, we show that not only the usual $E\cdot B$ term but also $E^2-B^2$ term should be present in the anomaly with a specific coefficient for the local entropy production to be positive definite.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2021)·1 citation
18. 18*

    Global 3-group symmetry and 't Hooft anomalies in axion electrodynamics

    Yoshimasa Hidaka🇯🇵 · Muneto Nitta🇯🇵 · Ryo Yokokura🇯🇵

    We investigate a higher-group structure of massless axion electrodynamics in $(3+1)$ dimensions. By using the background gauging method, we show that the higher-form symmetries necessarily have a global semistrict 3-group (2-crossed module) structure, and exhibit 't Hooft anomalies of the 3-group. In particular, we find a cubic mixed 't Hooft anomaly between 0-form and 1-form symmetries, which is specific to the higher-group structure.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phJHEP(2021)·109 citations
19. 19*

    Magnetic (quasi-)modular forms

    Vicenţiu Paşol · Wadim Zudilin

    A (folklore?) conjecture states that no holomorphic modular form $F(\tau )={\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }{a}_n{q}^n\in q\mathbb{Z}[[q]]$ exists, where $q=e^{2\pi i\tau }$, such that its anti-derivative ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }{a}_n{q}^n/n$ has integral coefficients in the $q$-expansion. A recent observation of Broadhurst and Zudilin, rigorously accomplished by Li and Neururer, led to examples of meromorphic modular forms possessing the integrality property. In this note we investigate the arithmetic phenomenon from a systematic perspective and discuss related transcendental extensions of the differentially closed ring of quasi-modular forms.

    ↳ math.NThep-phmath-phmath.AC+2Nagoya Math.J.(2022)·8 citations
20. 20*

    Flavour and Energy Dependence of Chemical Freeze-out Temperatures in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions from RHIC-BES to LHC Energies

    Fernando Antonio Flor🇺🇸 · Gabrielle Olinger🇺🇸 · Rene Bellwied🇺🇸

    We present calculations of the chemical freeze-out temperature (T_ch) based on particle yields from STAR and ALICE measured at collision energies ranging from sqrt{s_{NN}} = 11.5 GeV to 5.02 TeV. Employing the Grand Canonical Ensemble approach using the Thermal-FIST Hadron Resonance Gas model package, we show evidence for a flavour-dependent chemical freeze-out in the crossover region of the QCD phase diagram. At a vanishing baryochemical potential, we calculate light and strange flavour freeze-out temperatures T_L = 150.2 +- 2.6 MeV and T_S = 165.1 +- 2.7 MeV, respectively.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thPLB(2021)·37 citations
21. 21*

    A Test of the Cosmological Principle with Quasars

    Nathan Secrest🇺🇸 · Sebastian von Hausegger🇫🇷 · Mohamed Rameez🇩🇰 · Roya Mohayaee🇫🇷 · Subir Sarkar🇬🇧 · Jacques Colin🇫🇷

    We study the large-scale anisotropy of the Universe by measuring the dipole in the angular distribution of a flux-limited, all-sky sample of 1.36 million quasars observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). This sample is derived from the new CatWISE2020 catalog, which contains deep photometric measurements at 3.4 and 4.6 $\mu$m from the cryogenic, post-cryogenic, and reactivation phases of the WISE mission. While the direction of the dipole in the quasar sky is similar to that of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), its amplitude is over twice as large as expected, rejecting the canonical, exclusively kinematic interpretation of the CMB dipole with a p-value of $5\times 10^{-7}$ ($4.9\sigma$ for a normal distribution, one-sided), the highest significance achieved to date in such studies. Our results are in conflict with the cosmological principle, a foundational assumption of the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phApJL(2021)·360 citations
22. 22*

    Black hole binaries and light fields: Gravitational molecules

    Taishi Ikeda🇮🇹 · Laura Bernard🇫🇷 · Vitor Cardoso🇵🇹 · Miguel Zilhao🇵🇹

    We show that light scalars can form quasibound states around binaries. In the nonrelativistic regime, these states are formally described by the quantum-mechanical Schrodinger equation for a one-electron heteronuclear diatomic molecule. We performed extensive numerical simulations of scalar fields around black hole binaries showing that a scalar structure condenses around the binary -- we dub these states "gravitational molecules". We further show that these are well described by the perturbative, nonrelativistic description.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thPRD(2021)·50 citations
23. 23*

    Fermions and baryons as open-string states from brane junctions

    Theodoros Nakas🇬🇷 · Konstantinos S. Rigatos🇬🇧

    There has been recent progress towards understanding the dynamics of world-volume fermions that arise as open-string modes from brane intersections in the probe limit $(N_f/N_c\to 0)$. In this work we consider all possible BPS brane junctions in Type IIA/B supergravity theories. We study in detail the dynamics of these states by deriving their equations of motion. We show the expected degeneracy of the bosonic and fermionic fluctuations as is expected due to the preserved supersymmetry. We also give some supporting evidence and refine the notion that these states can effectively describe baryon operators in a certain regime of the field theory's parameter space. Our piece of evidence is the demonstration of the expected scaling of the mass in the large-$N_c$ limit of the theory for these fermionic states; $M^2\sim N_c^2$. Finally, we explain analytically the avoided level crossing that was observed in a previous work after the inclusion of higher dimension operators in the field theory.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2020)·33 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.