Wed·Apr 29, 2020Wednesday·April 29, 2020

1. 01*

   Anticorrelation of Mass and Mixing Angle Hierarchies

   Paul H. Frampton🇮🇹 · Jihn E. Kim🇰🇷

   We obtain a relationship between the hierarchies of mixing angles and of masses pertinent to the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix and the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) lepton mixing matrix. Using this relationship, we argue that the more severe hierarchy of the charge-$\frac{2}{3}$ quark masses requires that the CKM matrix be close to a unit matrix whereas the milder hierarchy of the neutrino masses allows the PMNS matrix to depart markedly from the CKM matrix and contain large mixing angles of the type that are observed.

   hep-phJ.Korean Phys.Soc.(2020)·4 citations
2. 02*

   Constraints on the anomalous $Wtb$ couplings from $B$-physics experiments

   Anastasiia Kozachuk🇷🇺 · Dmitri Melikhov🇷🇺

   We analyze constraints on the anomalous $Wtb$ couplings from $B$-physics experiments, performing a correlated analysis and allowing all anomalous couplings to differ simultaneously from their Standard-Model (SM) values. The $B$-physics observables allow one to probe three linear combinations out of the four anomalous couplings, which parameterize the $Wtb$ vertex under the assumption that the SM symmetries remain the symmetries of the effective theory. The constraints in this work are obtained by taking into account the following $B$-physics observables: the ${\bar{B}}^0-B^0$ oscillations, the leptonic $B\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays, the inclusive radiative $B\to X_s\gamma$ decays, and the differential branching fractions in the semileptonic inclusive $B\to X_s{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and exclusive $B\to (K,K^{\ast }){\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays at small $q^2$, $q$ the momentum of the ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ pair. We find that the SM values of the anomalous couplings belong to the 95\% CL allowed region obtained this way but lie beyond the 68\% allowed region. We also report that the distributions of the anomalous couplings obtained within our scenario differ from the results of the 1D scenario, when only one of the couplings is allowed to deviate from its SM value.

   hep-phSymmetry(2020)·7 citations
3. 03*

   Intrinsic Transverse Momentum and Evolution in Weighted Spin Asymmetries

   Jian-Wei Qiu🇺🇸 · Ted C. Rogers🇺🇸 · Bowen Wang🇨🇳

   The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) and collinear higher twist theoretical factorization frameworks are the most frequently used approaches to describing spin dependent hard cross sections weighted by and integrated over transverse momentum. Of particular interest is the contribution from small transverse momentum associated with the target bound state. In phenomenological applications, this contribution is often investigated using transverse momentum weighted integrals that sharply regulate the large transverse momentum contribution, for example with Gaussian parametrizations. Since the result is a kind of hybrid of TMD and collinear (inclusive) treatments, it is important to establish if and how the formalisms are related in applications to weighted integral observables. The suppression of a large transverse momentum tail, for example, can potentially affect the type of evolution that is applicable. We find that a naive version of a widely used identity relating the $k_T^2$-weighted and integrated Sivers TMD function to a renormalized twist-3 function has strongly ambiguous ultraviolet contributions, and that corrections to it are not necessarily perturbatively suppressed. We discuss the implications for applications, arguing in particular that the relevant evolution for transverse momentum weighted and integrated cross sections with sharp effective large transverse momentum cutoffs is of the TMD form rather than the standard renormalization group evolution of collinear correlation functions.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2020)·17 citations
4. 04*

   Two component FIMP DM in a $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ extension of the SM

   Waleed Abdallah🇮🇳 · Sandhya Choubey🇸🇪 · Sarif Khan🇩🇪

   In this work, we discuss two component fermionic FIMP dark matter (DM) in a popular $B-L$ extension of the standard model (SM) with inverse seesaw mechanism. Due to the introduced ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ discrete symmetry, a keV SM gauge singlet fermion is stable and can be a warm DM candidate. Also, this ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry helps the lightest right-handed neutrino, with mass of order GeV, to be a long-lived or stable particle by choosing a corresponding Yukawa coupling to be very small. Firstly, in the absence of a GeV DM component (i.e., without tuning its corresponding Yukawa coupling), we consider only a keV DM as a single component DM produced by the freeze-in mechanism. Secondly, we study a two component FIMP DM scenario and emphasize that the correct ballpark DM relic density bound can be achieved for a wide parameter space.

   hep-ph1 citation
5. 05*

   Photon directional profile from stimulated decay of axion clouds with arbitrary axion spatial distributions

   Liang Chen🇺🇸 · Thomas W. Kephart🇺🇸

   We model clusters of axions with spherically symmetric momentum but arbitrary spatial distributions and study the directional profile of photos produced in their evolution through spontaneous and stimulated decay of axions via the process $a\to \gamma +\gamma$. Several specific examples are presented.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2020)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Isotope production in thunderstorms

   Pablo G. Ortega🇪🇸

   Thunderstorms and lightnings are natural particle accelerator systems. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, caused by relativistic runaway electron avalanches, produce bursts of $X$ and $\gamma$ rays, energetic enough to produce photo-nuclear reactions within the atmosphere. Such reactions cause the generation of new isotopes, which modify the air composition locally and produce new ways of detecting and characterizing this high-energy phenomena. In this work we explore, using the general purpose Monte Carlo transport code FLUKA, the production of secondaries after a Terrestrial gamma-ray flash and analyze the generation of new isotopes in detail. Their abundance, time and energy profiles are studied, which can be useful for establishing new measuring strategies.

   hep-phphysics.ao-phJ.Atmos.Sol.Terr.Phys.(2020)·1 citation
7. 07*

   Simultaneous description of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi \pi \pi (K\bar{K})$ processes

   Igor Danilkin🇩🇪 · Daniel A. S. Molnar🇩🇪 · Marc Vanderhaeghen🇩🇪

   In this work, we provide a simultaneous and accurate description of the ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and ${\pi }^{\pm }J/\psi$ invariant mass distributions of the recent BESIII data on $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ together with the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi K^{+}{K}^{-}$ cross sections at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ center-of-mass energies $q=4.23$ GeV and $q=4.26$ GeV. The rescattering effects between pions in the S and D-waves are taken into account through the Muskhelishvili-Omnès formalism. Since the physical region of the $\pi \pi$ invariant mass extends above 1 GeV, the important $K\bar{K}$ intermediate state in the S-wave is implemented through coupled-channel unitarity. For the left-hand cuts, we account for the well established charged exotic state $Z_c(3900)$ in $t$- and $u$-channels, while the other contributions are absorbed in the subtraction constants. For the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi K\bar{K}$ we provide the prediction of the two-kaon invariant mass distribution. The constructed amplitudes serve as an essential framework to interpret the present and forthcoming measurements by the BESIII and Belle II Collaborations.

   hep-phPRD(2020)·16 citations
8. 08*

   The newly observed ${\Lambda }_b(6072{)}^0$ structure and its $\rho -$mode nonstrange partners

   Wei Liang🇨🇳 · Qi-Fang Lü🇨🇳

   Inspired by the newly observed ${\Lambda }_b(6072)$ structure, we investigate its strong decay behaviors under various assignments within the ${}^3{P}_0$ model. Compared with the mass and total decay width, our results suggest that the ${\Lambda }_b(6072)$ can be regarded as the lowest $\rho -$mode excitation in ${\Lambda }_b$ family. Then, the strong decays of $\rho -$mode nonstrange partners for the ${\Lambda }_b(6072)$ are calculated. It is found that the $J^P=5/2^{-}$ ${\Lambda }_b$ and ${\Lambda }_c$ states are relatively narrow, and mainly decay into the ${\Sigma }_b^{(\ast )}\pi$ and ${\Sigma }_c^{(\ast )}\pi$ final states, respectively. These two states have good potentials to be observed in future experiments, which may help us to distinguish the three-quark model and diquark model.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thEPJC(2020)·13 citations
9. 09*

   Constraints on CP-odd ALP couplings from EDM limits of fermions

   D. V. Kirpichnikov🇷🇺 · Valery E. Lyubovitskij🇩🇪 · Alexey S. Zhevlakov🇷🇺

   We discuss constraints on soft CP-violating couplings of axion-like particles with photon and fermions by using data on electric dipole moments of Standard Model particles. In particular, for the ALP leptophilic scenario we derive bounds on CP-odd ALP-photon-photon coupling from data of the {\tt ACME} Collaboration on electron EDM. We also discuss prospects of the Storage Ring experiment to constrain the ALP-photon-photon coupling from data on proton EDM for the simplified hadrophilic interactions of ALP. The regarding constraints from experimental bounds on the muon and neutron EDMs are weak. We set constraint on the CP-odd ALP coupling with electron and derive bounds on combinations of coupling constants, which involve soft CP-violating terms.

   hep-phParticles(2020)·18 citations
10. 10*

    Theory for muon-electron scattering @ 10ppm: A report of the MUonE theory initiative

    P. Banerjee🇨🇭 · C. M. Carloni Calame🇮🇹 · M. Chiesa🇫🇷 · S. Di Vita🇮🇹 · T. Engel🇨🇭 · M. Fael🇩🇪 · S. Laporta🇮🇹 · P. Mastrolia🇮🇹 · G. Montagna🇮🇹 · O. Nicrosini🇮🇹 · G. Ossola🇺🇸 · M. Passera🇮🇹 and 8 other authors

    We review the current status of the theory predictions for elastic $\mu$-$e$ scattering, describing the recent activities and future plans of the theory initiative related to the proposed MUonE experiment.

    hep-phEPJC(2020)·96 citations
11. 11*

    Challenges in Monte Carlo event generator software for High-Luminosity LHC

    The HSF Physics Event Generator WG: Andrea Valassi (editor)🇨🇭 · Efe Yazgan (editor)🇹🇼 · Josh McFayden (editor)🇨🇭 · Simone Amoroso🇩🇪 · Joshua Bendavid🇨🇭 · Andy Buckley🇬🇧 · Matteo Cacciari🇫🇷 · Taylor Childers🇺🇸 · Vitaliano Ciulli🇮🇹 · Rikkert Frederix🇸🇪 · Stefano Frixione🇮🇹 · Francesco Giuli🇮🇹 and 27 other authors

    We review the main software and computing challenges for the Monte Carlo physics event generators used by the LHC experiments, in view of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) physics programme. This paper has been prepared by the HEP Software Foundation (HSF) Physics Event Generator Working Group as an input to the LHCC review of HL-LHC computing, which has started in May 2020.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.comp-phComput.Softw.Big Sci.(2021)·98 citations
12. 12*

    Boosting Ultraviolet Freeze-in in NO Models

    Nicolás Bernal🇨🇴 · Javier Rubio🇫🇮 · Hardi Veermäe🇪🇪

    We present a novel UV freeze-in mechanism for enhancing the dark matter abundance in cosmologies where inflation is followed by an epoch dominated by a fluid stiffer than radiation. In such scenarios, even a small radiation abundance, produced for instance by instantaneous preheating effects, will eventually dominate the total energy density of the Universe without the need for a complete inflaton decay. For the sake of concreteness, we focus in non-oscillatory (NO) quintessential inflation models, albeit our treatment is rather general and can be extended to other scenarios. The high temperature of the initial thermal bath together with the absence of subsequent entropy injections into the Standard Model plasma translates into a highly-effective UV DM freeze-in. In particular, we find that, during kination, an enhancement in the DM abundance is generically obtained for any production cross-section not-decreasing with temperature.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2020)·44 citations
13. 13*

    Leptonic Unitarity Triangles

    Sebastian A.R. Ellis🇺🇸 · Kevin J. Kelly🇺🇸 · Shirley Weishi Li🇺🇸

    We present a comprehensive analysis of leptonic unitarity triangles, using both current neutrino oscillation data and projections of next-generation oscillation measurements. Future experiments, sensitive to the degree of CP violation in the lepton sector, will enable the construction of precise triangles. We show how unitarity violation could manifest in the triangles and discuss how they serve as unitarity tests. We also propose the use of Jarlskog factors as a complementary means of probing unitarity. This analysis highlights the importance of testing the unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix, an understanding of which is crucial for deciphering the nature of the neutrino sector.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2020)·38 citations
14. 14*

    Possible violation of spin-statistics connection in electron-electron scattering at low relativistic energies

    R. N. Sen🇮🇱

    In 1954, Ashkin, Page and Woodward (hereafter APW) reported on the first counter experiments to measure the electron-electron and electron-positron scattering cross-sections at low relativistic energies (0.6-1.7 MeV). Their aim was to look for the spin and exchange or virtual annihilation effects predicted by the Moller and Bhabha formulae. Their experiments confirmed these effects, but the measured cross-sections at 0.61 MeV were significantly smaller than their predicted values. The authors remarked that these deviations were `presumably due to multiple scattering'. However, careful reading of the unpublished theses of Page (1950) and Ashkin (1952), Page's letter (1951) and the APW paper reveals no credible evidence of multiple scattering at 0.61 MeV; if anything, the evidence rules against multiple scattering. If multiple scattering is ruled out, the observations may indicate a departure from quantum electrodynamics. This departure may be due to a non-Coulomb central force, a weakening of the spin-statistics connection, or both. Only experiment can tell which of these possibilities holds true, and therefore we suggest the new electron-electron scattering experiments be carried out at different energies (at 0.4-1.0 MeV) and different scattering angles, as well as specific tests for multiple scattering. We consider a non-Coulomb central force to be very unlikely, and advance the hypothesis that a fraction of the electron pairs scatter as spin-zero fermions (which would lower the observed cross-section). Numerical calculations show that the hypothesis may be tested quantitatively in a Page-type experiment, even with little improvement in the accuracy he achieved in 1950.

    hep-ph0 citations
15. 15*

    Evidence for the $N^{\prime }(1720)3/2^{+}$ Nucleon Resonance from Combined Studies of CLAS ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}p$ Photo- and Electroproduction Data

    V.I. Mokeev🇺🇸 · V.D. Burkert🇺🇸 · D.S. Carman🇺🇸 · L. Elouadrhiri🇺🇸 · E. Golovatch🇷🇺 · R.W. Gothe🇺🇸 · K. Hicks🇺🇸 · B.S. Ishkhanov🇷🇺 · E.L. Isupov🇷🇺 · K. Joo🇰🇷 · N. Markov🇺🇸 · E. Pasyuk🇺🇸 · A. Trivedi🇺🇸

    The analysis of the nine 1-fold differential cross sections for the ${\gamma }_{r,v}p\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}p$ photo- and electroproduction reactions obtained with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory was carried out with the goal to establish the contributing resonances in the mass range from 1.6~GeV to 1.8~GeV. In order to describe the photo- and electroproduction data with $Q^2$-independent resonance masses and hadronic decay widths in the $Q^2$ range below 1.5~GeV${}^2$, it was found that an $N^{\prime }(1720)3/2^{+}$ state is required in addition to the already well-established nucleon resonances. This work demonstrates that the combined studies of ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}p$ photo- and electroproduction data are vital for the observation of this resonance. The contributions from the $N^{\prime }(1720)3/2^{+}$ state and the already established $N(1720)3/2^{+}$ state with a mass of 1.745~GeV are well separated by their different hadronic decays to the $\pi \Delta$ and $\rho p$ final states and the different $Q^2$-evolution of their photo-/electroexcitation amplitudes. The $N^{\prime }(1720)3/2^{+}$ state is the first recently established baryon resonance for which the results on the $Q^2$-evolution of the photo-/electrocouplings have become available. These results are important for the exploration of the nature of the ``missing'' baryon resonances.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phPLB(2020)·44 citations
16. 16*

    Can the Cosmological Dilation Explain the Skewness in the Gamma-Ray Burst Duration Distribution?

    Mariusz Tarnopolski🇵🇱

    In order to explain the origin of skewness in the gamma-ray burst (GRB) duration distribution, a statistical model, based on the cosmological time dilation and taking into account the GRB formation rate and instrumental effects, is examined. It is concluded that the considered effects are able to account for only a small fraction of the observed skewness. Therefore, its origin needs to be searched for in the processes governing the progenitors of GRBs.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phApJ(2020)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Testing Modified Gravity theory (MOG) with Type Ia Supernovae, Cosmic Chronometers and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

    Carolina Negrelli🇦🇷 · Lucila Kraiselburd🇦🇷 · Susana J. Landau🇦🇷 · Claudia Scóccola🇦🇷

    We analyse the MOdified Gravity (MOG) theory, proposed by Moffat, in a cosmological context. We use data from Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Cosmic Chronometers (CC) to test MOG predictions. For this, we perform ${\chi }^2$ tests considering fixed values of $H_0$ and $V_G$, the self-interaction potential of one of the scalar fields in the theory. Our results show that the MOG theory is in agreement with all data sets for some particular values of $H_0$ and $V_G$, being the BAO data set the most powerful tool to test MOG predictions, due to its constraining power.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2020)·14 citations
18. 18*

    Charged Dark Matter and the $H_0$ tension

    Jose Beltrán Jiménez🇪🇸 · Dario Bettoni🇪🇸 · Philippe Brax🇫🇷

    We consider cosmological models where dark matter is charged under a dark Abelian gauge field. This new interaction is repulsive and competes with gravity on large scales and in the dynamics of galaxies and clusters. We focus on non-linear models of dark electrodynamics where the effects of the new force are screened within a K-mouflage radius that helps avoiding traditional constraints on charged dark matter models. We discuss the background cosmology of these models in a Newtonian approach and show the equivalence with relativistic Lemaître models where an inhomogeneous pressure due to the electrostatic interaction is present. In particular, we find that dark matter shells of different radii evolve differently as they exit their K-mouflage radii at different times, resulting in a breaking of the initial comoving evolution. In the large time regime, the background cosmology is described by comoving but inhomogeneous model with a reduced gravitational Newton constant and a negative curvature originating from the electrostatic pressure. Baryons do not directly feel the electrostatic interaction, but are influenced by the inhomogeneous matter distribution induced by the electric force. We find that shells of smaller radii evolve faster than the outer shells which feel the repulsive interaction earlier. This mimics the discrepancy between the large scale Hubble rate and the local one. Similarly, as galaxies and clusters are not screened by the new interaction, large scale global flows would result from the existence of the new dark electromagnetic interaction.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2021)·22 citations
19. 19*

    Chiral random matrix theory for single-flavor spin-one Cooper pairing

    Takuya Kanazawa🇯🇵

    We propose a new non-Hermitian chiral random matrix model that describes single-flavor spin-one Cooper pairing of quarks. For three colors the model shows spontaneous breaking of color $\mathrm{SU}(3{)}_C$ and spin $\mathrm{SO}(3{)}_J$ symmetries down to the diagonal $\mathrm{SO}(3{)}_{C+J}$ subgroup, in striking analogy to the color-spin locked phase of one-flavor QCD at high density. For two colors, color-singlet spin-one diquarks condense and trigger symmetry breaking $\mathrm{U}(1)\times \mathrm{SO}(3{)}_J\to \mathrm{SO}(2{)}_J$. In both cases the microscopic large-$N$ limit is rigorously taken and the effective theory of Nambu-Goldstone modes is derived.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.supr-conhep-lathep-phPRD(2020)·6 citations
20. 20*

    Duality and Axionic Weak Gravity

    Stefano Andriolo🇨🇳 · Tzu-Chen Huang🇺🇸 · Toshifumi Noumi🇯🇵 · Hirosi Ooguri🇺🇸 · Gary Shiu🇺🇸

    The axionic weak gravity conjecture predicts the existence of instantons whose actions are less than their charges in appropriate units. We show that the conjecture is satisfied for the axion-dilaton-gravity system if we assume duality constraints on the higher derivative corrections in addition to positivity bounds which follow from unitarity, analyticity, and locality of UV scattering amplitudes. On the other hand, the conjecture does not follow if we assume the positivity bounds only. This presents an example where derivation of the weak gravity conjecture requires more detailed UV information than the consistency of scattering amplitudes.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2020)·59 citations
21. 21*

    Probing Dark Matter Clumps, Strings and Domain Walls with Gravitational Wave Detectors

    Joerg Jaeckel🇩🇪 · Sebastian Schenk🇬🇧 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

    Gravitational wave astronomy has recently emerged as a new way to study our Universe. In this work, we survey the potential of gravitational wave interferometers to detect macroscopic astrophysical objects comprising the dark matter. Starting from the well-known case of clumps we expand to cosmic strings and domain walls. We also consider the sensitivity to measure the dark matter power spectrum on small scales. Our analysis is based on the fact that these objects, when traversing the vicinity of the detector, will exert a gravitational pull on each node of the interferometer, in turn leading to a differential acceleration and corresponding Doppler signal, that can be measured. As a prototypical example of a gravitational wave interferometer, we consider signals induced at LISA. We further extrapolate our results to gravitational wave experiments sensitive in other frequency bands, including ground-based interferometers, such as LIGO, and pulsar timing arrays, e.g. ones based on the Square Kilometer Array. Assuming moderate sensitivity improvements beyond the current designs, clumps, strings and domain walls may be within reach of these experiments.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phEPJC(2021)·21 citations
22. 22*

    A quantum-corrected approach to black hole radiation via a tunneling process

    Milad Hajebrahimi🇮🇷 · Kourosh Nozari🇮🇷

    In the language of black hole physics, Hawking radiation is one of the most controversial subjects about which there exist lots of puzzles, including the information loss problem and the question of whether this radiation is thermal or not. In this situation, a possible way to face these problems is to bring quantum effects into play, also taking into account self-gravitational effects in the scenario. We consider a quantum-corrected form of the Schwarzschild black hole inspired by the pioneering work of Kazakov and Solodukhin to modify the famous Parikh-Wilczek tunneling process for Hawking radiation. We prove that in this framework the radiation is not thermal, with a correlation function more effective than the Parikh-Wilczek result, and the information loss problem can be addressed more successfully. Also, we realize that quantum correction affects things in the same way as an electric charge. So, it seems that quantum correction in this framework has something to do with the electric charge.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phPTEP·13 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.