PaperPanorama

HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Fri·Oct 4, 2019

22 papers16 primary·6 cross-listed·reconstructed*

  1. 01*

    Chiral Anomaly, Schwinger Effect, Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, and application to axion inflation

    Valerie Domcke🇩🇪 · Yohei Ema🇩🇪 · Kyohei Mukaida🇩🇪

    Particle production in strong electromagnetic fields is a recurring theme in solid state physics, heavy ion collisions, early universe cosmology and formal quantum field theory. In this paper we discuss the Dirac equation in a background of parallel electric and magnetic fields. We review the Schwinger particle production rate, clarify the emergence of the chiral anomaly equation and compute the induced current of charged fermions. We distinguish the contributions from non-perturbative particle production, from the running of the gauge coupling constant and from non-linearities in the effective QED Lagrangian, and clarify how these contributions arise within a single framework. We apply these results to axion inflation. A Chern-Simons coupling between the pseudoscalar particle driving cosmic inflaton and an abelian gauge group induces a dual production of gauge fields and charged fermions. We show that the resulting scalar and gravitational wave power spectra strongly depend on the fermion mass.

    hep-phastro-ph.COcond-mat.mes-hallhep-thJHEP(2020)·90 citations
  2. 02*

    New limits on neutrino non-standard mixings based on prescribed singular values

    Wojciech Flieger🇵🇱 · Janusz Gluza🇵🇱 · Kamil Porwit🇵🇱

    Singular values are used to construct physically admissible 3-dimensional mixing matrices characterized as contractions. Depending on the number of singular values strictly less than one, the space of the 3-dimensional mixing matrices can be split into four disjoint subsets, which accordingly corresponds to the minimal number of additional, non-standard neutrinos. We show in numerical analysis that taking into account present experimental precision and fits to different neutrino mass splitting schemes, it is not possible to distinguish, on the level of 3-dimensional mixing matrices, between two and three extra neutrino states. It means that in 3+2 and 3+3 neutrino mixing scenarios, using the so-called parametrization, ranges of non-unitary mixings are the same. However, on the level of a complete unitary 3+1 neutrino mixing matrix, using the dilation procedure and the Cosine-Sine decomposition, we were able to shrink bounds for the "light-heavy" mixing matrix elements. For instance, in the so-called seesaw mass scheme, a new upper limit on is about two times stringent than before and equals 0.021. For all considered mass schemes the lowest bounds are also obtained for all mixings, i.e. New results obtained in this work are based on analysis of neutrino mixing matrices obtained from the global fits at the 95% CL.

    hep-phJHEP(2020)·20 citations
  3. 03*

    Strong Dark Matter Self-Interaction from a Stable Scalar Mediator

    Mateusz Duch🇵🇱 · Bohdan Grzadkowski🇵🇱 · Da Huang🇵🇱

    In face of the small-scale structure problems of the collisionless cold dark matter (DM) paradigm, a popular remedy is to introduce a strong DM self-interaction which can be generated nonperturbatively by a MeV-scale light mediator. However, if such the mediator is unstable and decays into SM particles, the model is severely constrained by the DM direct and indirect detection experiments. In the present paper, we study a model of a self-interacting fermionic DM, endowed with a light stable scalar mediator. In this model, the DM relic abundance is dominated by the fermionic DM particle which is generated mainly via the freeze-out of its annihilations to the stable mediator. Since this channel is invisible, the DM indirect detection constraints should be greatly relaxed. Furthermore, the direct detection signals are suppressed to an unobservable level since fermionic DM scatterings with a nucleon appear at one-loop level. By further studying the bounds from the CMB and BBN on the visible channels involving the dark sector, we show that there is a large parameter space which can generate appropriate DM self-interactions at dwarf galaxy scales, while remaining compatible with other experimental constraints.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2020)·6 citations
  4. 04*

    High-precision calculation of the 4-loop QED contribution to the slope of the Dirac form factor

    Stefano Laporta🇮🇹

    We have evaluated with 1100 digits of precision the contribution of all the 891 mass-independent four-loop Feynman diagrams contributing to the slope of the Dirac form factor in QED. The total 4-loop contribution is . We have fit a semi-analytical expression to the numerical value. The expression contains harmonic polylogarithms of argument , , , one-dimensional integrals of products of complete elliptic integrals and six finite parts of master integrals, evaluated up to 4800 digits. I show the correction on the shift of the energy levels of the hydrogen atom due to the slope.

    hep-phPLB(2020)·13 citations
  5. 05*

    Properties of heavy mesons at finite temperature

    Gloria Montaña🇪🇸 · Angels Ramos🇪🇸 · Laura Tolos🇩🇪

    We study the properties of heavy mesons using a unitarized approach in a hot pionic medium, based on an effective hadronic theory. The interaction between the heavy mesons and pseudoscalar Goldstone bosons is described by a chiral Lagrangian at next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion and leading order in the heavy-quark mass expansion so as to satisfy heavy-quark spin symmetry. The meson-meson scattering problem in coupled channels with finite-temperature corrections is solved in a self-consistent manner. Our results show that the masses of the ground-state charmed mesons and decrease in a pionic environment at and they acquire a substantial width. As a consequence, the behaviour of excited mesonic states (i.e. and ), generated dynamically in our heavy-light molecular model, is also modified at . The aim is to test our results against Lattice QCD calculations in the future.

    hep-phnucl-thSciPost Phys.Proc.(2020)·0 citations
  6. 06*

    Production asymmetry of neutrinos and antineutrinos from a fixed target experiment SHiP

    Rafal Maciula🇵🇱 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱 · Jakub Zaremba🇵🇱 · Izabela Babiarz🇵🇱

    We discuss how to calculate cross sections as well as rapidity, transverse momentum and energy distributions of and produced from the direct and chain decays in scattering with proton beam = 400 GeV \textit{i.e.} at = 27.4 GeV. The decays are simulated with the help of the \textsc{Tauola} code and include multiple decay channels of in amounts proportional to their branching ratios. In our calculations we include from charm fragmentation and as well as those from subleading fragmentation of strange quarks/antiquarks and . The asymmetry of the strange quark content of proton is included. The different contributions to and are shown explicitly. We discuss and quantify a not discussed so far effect of asymmetries for production of and caused by subleading fragmentation mechanism and discuss related uncertainties. A potential measurement of the asymmetry is discussed. Estimates of a number of observed in the reaction, with 2m long target are given with the help of the NuWro program. We refer also to the production of the high-energy (anti)neutrinos in the atmosphere.

    hep-phJHEP(2020)·11 citations
  7. 07*

    Neutrino oscillations in gravitational waves

    Maxim Dvornikov (IZMIRAN)🇷🇺

    We study spin and flavor oscillations of neutrinos under the influence of gravitational waves (GWs). We rederive the quasiclassical equation for the evolution of the neutrino spin in various external fields in curved spacetime starting from the Dirac equation for a massive neutrino. Then, we consider neutrino spin oscillations in nonmoving and unpolarized matter, a transverse magnetic field, and a plane GW. We show that a parametric resonance can take place in this system. We also study neutrino flavor oscillations in GWs. The equation for the density matrix of flavor neutrinos is solved when we discuss the neutrino interaction with stochastic GWs emitted by coalescing supermassive black holes. We find the fluxes of cosmic neutrinos, undergoing flavor oscillations in such a gravitational background, which can be potentially measured by a terrestrial detector. Some astrophysical applications of our results are considered.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2020)·4 citations
  8. 08*

    Thermal dark matter abundance under non-standard macroscopic conditions in the early universe

    Archil Kobakhidze🇦🇺 · Michael A. Schmidt🇦🇺 · Matthew Talia🇵🇱

    The standard theoretical estimation of the thermal dark matter abundance may be significantly altered if properties of dark matter particles in the early universe and at the present cosmological epoch differ. This may happen if, e.g., a cosmological phase existed in the early universe during which dark matter particles were temporarily unstable and their abundance was reduced through their decays. We argue that a large class of microscopic theories which are rejected due to the dark matter overproduction, may actually be viable theories if certain macroscopic conditions were satisfied in the early universe. We explicitly demonstrate our mechanism within the minimal supersymmetric standard model with the bino-like lightest supersymmetric particle being a phenomenologically viable dark matter candidate under the condition that the early universe carried a global R-charge which induced the instability phase.

    hep-phJCAP(2020)·3 citations
  9. 09*

    Dark matter scattering cross section and dynamics in dark Yang-Mills theory

    Nodoka Yamanaka🇯🇵 · Hideaki Iida🇯🇵 · Atsushi Nakamura🇷🇺 · Masayuki Wakayama🇰🇷

    We calculate for the first time the scattering cross section between lightest glueballs in pure Yang-Mills theory, which are good candidates of dark matter. In the first step, we evaluate the interglueball potential on lattice using the HAL QCD method, with several lattice spacings (, and 2.5). The systematics associated with nonzero angular momentum effect is removed by subtracting the centrifugal force. The statistical accuracy is improved by employing the cluster-decomposition error reduction technique and by using all space-time symmetries. We then determine the low energy glueball effective Lagrangian and the scattering cross section at low energy, which is compared with the observational constraint on the dark matter self-scattering. We derive the lower bound on the scale parameter of the Yang-Mills theory, as MeV.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-lathep-thPLB(2021)·42 citations
  10. 10*

    Gluino Search with Stop and Top in Nonuniversal Gaugino Mass Models at LHC and Future Colliders

    Zafer Altin · Ali Cici · Zerrin Kirca · Qaisar Shafi🇺🇸 · Cem Salih Un

    We discuss the gluino mass in the CMSSM and Nonuniversal Gaugino Mass Models (NUGM) frameworks in light of the results from the current LHC and Dark Matter experiments. We probe the gluino mass scales by considering its decay modes into stop and top quarks, and , where represents both and . The region with TeV is excluded up to CL in the CMSSM if the gluino decays into a stop and top quark, while the CL exclusion requires TeV. Such exclusion bounds on the gluino mass more or less overlap with the current LHC results. The decay mode may take over if is not allowed. One can probe the gluino mass in this case up to about 1.5 TeV with CL in the CMSSM, and about 1.4 TeV with CL. A similar analyses in the NUGM framework yield exclusion curves for the gluino mass TeV at 14 TeV for both decay modes of the gluino under consideration. We also show that increasing the center of mass energy to 27 TeV can probe the gluino mass up to about 3 TeV through its decay mode into stop and top quark. The Dark Matter constraints are not very severe in the framework of NUGM, and they allow solutions with TeV. In addition, with NUGM the LSP neutralino can coannihilate with gluino and/or stop for TeV. The 100 TeV FCC collider can probe the gluino masses up to about 6 TeV with integrated luminosity. We also find that the decay can indirectly probe the stop mass up to about 4 TeV.

    hep-ph7 citations
  11. 11*

    Probing axion mediated fermion--fermion interaction by means of entanglement

    Antonio Capolupo🇮🇹 · Gaetano Lambiase🇮🇹 · Aniello Quaranta🇮🇹 · Salvatore Marco Giampaolo🇭🇷

    We propose a new approach in the investigation and detection of axion and axion-like particles based on the study of the entanglement for two interacting fermions. We study a system made of two identical fermions with spin-1/2, and we show that fermion-fermion interaction mediated by axions leads to a non-zero entanglement between the fermions. An entanglement measurement can reveal the interaction, providing an indirect evidence of the existence of axions. We discuss how the other interactions affect the entanglement, and how to isolate the axion contribution. Particular care is devoted to the analysis of the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction, which turns out to be, apart from axions, the most relevant contribution to the entanglement, and we show that it can be suppressed by setting opportunely the duration of the observation. We also introduce a two-body correlation function, which could be directly observed in an experiment, and plays the role of an entanglement witness.

    hep-phhep-thquant-phPLB(2020)·29 citations
  12. 12*

    Next-to-Leading Order QCD Corrections to Heavy-Flavour Production in Neutral Current DIS

    Felix Hekhorn🇩🇪

    The calculations for the production of heavy quarks in deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) can be seen as an illustrative example in the framework of perturbative Quantum Chromo Dynamics (pQCD). In this thesis, I give an overview of all steps that are required for this computation. First, I give an introduction to the fundamental theoretical basics. Next, I present the calculation of the matrix elements which are a main part of the work. The next-to-leading order (NLO) pQCD corrections for polarized DIS have been obtained here for the first time. Then, I discuss two different phase space decompositions which provide another important ingredient to the performed study. Practical results of the computations are shown first on a partonic level and, next, I present some phenomenological applications on a hadronic level. These results shed a first light onto the physical opportunities at a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).

    hep-ph9 citations
  13. 13*

    Coscattering in next-to-minimal dark matter and split supersymmetry

    Felix Brümmer🇫🇷

    In some models of thermal relic dark matter, the relic abundance may be set by inelastic scattering processes (rather than annihilations) becoming inefficient as the universe cools down. This effect has been called coscattering. We present a procedure to numerically solve the full momentum-dependent Boltzmann equations in coscattering, which allows for a precise calculation of the dark matter relic density including the effects of early kinetic decoupling. We apply our method to a simple model, containing a fermionic SU(2) triplet and a fermionic singlet with electroweak-scale masses, at small triplet-singlet mixing. The relic density can be set by either coannihilation or, at values of the mixing angle , by coscattering. We identify the parameter ranges which give rise to the observed relic abundance. As a special case, we study bino-like dark matter in split supersymmetry at large .

    hep-phJHEP(2020)·22 citations
  14. 14*

    Fast simulation of detector effects in Rivet

    Andy Buckley🇬🇧 · Deepak Kar🇿🇦 · Karl Nordstrom🇳🇱

    We describe the design and implementation of detector-bias emulation in the Rivet MC event analysis system. Implemented using C++ efficiency and kinematic smearing functors, it allows detector effects to be specified within an analysis routine, customised to the exact phase-space and reconstruction working points of the analysis. A set of standard detector functions for the physics objects of Runs 1 and 2 of the ATLAS and CMS experiments is also provided. Finally, as jet substructure is an important class of physics observable usually considered to require an explicit detector simulation, we demonstrate that a smearing approach, tuned to available substructure data and implemented in Rivet, can accurately reproduce jet-structure biases observed by ATLAS.

    hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2020)·40 citations
  15. 15*

    Refined Bounds on MeV-scale Thermal Dark Sectors from BBN and the CMB

    Nashwan Sabti🇬🇧 · James Alvey🇬🇧 · Miguel Escudero🇬🇧 · Malcolm Fairbairn🇬🇧 · Diego Blas🇬🇧

    New light states thermally coupled to the Standard Model plasma alter the expansion history of the Universe and impact the synthesis of the primordial light elements. In this work, we carry out an exhaustive and precise analysis of the implications of MeV-scale BSM particles in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations. We find that, BBN observations set a lower bound on the thermal dark matter mass of at . This bound is independent of the spin and number of internal degrees of freedom of the particle, of the annihilation being s-wave or p-wave, and of the annihilation final state. Furthermore, we show that current BBN plus CMB observations constrain purely electrophilic and neutrinophilic BSM species to have a mass, at . We explore the reach of future BBN measurements and show that upcoming CMB missions should improve the bounds on light BSM thermal states to . Finally, we demonstrate that very light BSM species thermally coupled to the SM plasma are highly disfavoured by current cosmological observations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2020)·254 citations
  16. 16*

    Chiral instabilities & the onset of chiral turbulence in QED plasmas

    Mark Mace🇫🇮 · Niklas Mueller🇺🇸 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪 · Sayantan Sharma🇮🇳

    We present a first principles study of chiral plasma instabilities and the onset of chiral turbulence in QED plasmas far from equilibrium. By performing classical-statistical lattice simulations of the microscopic theory, we show that the generation of strong helical magnetic fields from a helicity imbalance in the fermion sector proceeds via three distinct phases. During the initial linear instability regime the helicity imbalance of the fermion sector causes an exponential growth(damping) of magnetic field modes with right(left) handed polarization, for which we extract the characteristic growth (damping) rates. Secondary growth of unstable modes accelerates the helicity transfer from fermions to gauge fields and ultimately leads to the emergence of a self-similar scaling regime characteristic of decaying turbulence, where magnetic helicity is efficiently transferred to macroscopic length scales. Within this turbulent regime the evolution of magnetic helicity spectrum can be described by an infrared power-spectrum with spectral exponent and dynamical scaling exponents , which we determine from our simulations.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-latnucl-thPRL(2020)·45 citations
  17. 17*

    Holographic Approaches to DIS on a Nucleus

    Kiminad A. Mamo🇺🇸

    We consider deep inelastic scattering (DIS) on a dense nucleus described as an extremal RN-AdS black hole with holographic quantum fermions in the bulk. We find that the R-ratio (the ratio of the structure function of the black hole to proton) exhibit shadowing for , anti-shadowing for , EMC-like effect for and Fermi motion for in a qualitative agreement with the experimental observation of the ratio for DIS on nucleus for all range of . We also take the dilute limit of the black hole and show that its R-ratio exhibits EMC-like effect for and the Fermi motion for , and no shadowing is observed in the dilute limit for both bottom-up (using Thomas-Fermi approximation for the nucleon distribution inside the dilute nucleus), and top-down (considering the dilute nucleus to be a Fermi gas in AdS) approaches.

    hep-thhep-phnucl-th0 citations
  18. 18*

    Vorticity and Particle Polarization in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

    Yu. B. Ivanov🇷🇺 · V. D. Toneev🇷🇺 · A. A. Soldatov🇷🇺

    We review studies of vortical motion and the resulting global polarization of and hyperons in heavy-ion collisions, in particular, within 3FD model. 3FD predictions for the global midrapidity polarization in the FAIR-NICA energy range are presented. The 3FD simulations indicate that energy dependence of the observed global polarization of hyperons in the midrapidity region is a consequence of the decrease of the vorticity in the central region with the collision energy rise because of pushing out the vorticity field into the fragmentation regions. At high collision energies this pushing-out results in a peculiar vortical structure consisting of two vortex rings: one ring in the target fragmentation region and another one in the projectile fragmentation region with matter rotation being opposite in these two rings.

    nucl-thhep-phPhys.Atom.Nucl.(2020)·33 citations
  19. 19*

    Roy Glauber and Asymptotic Diffraction Theory

    Per Osland🇳🇴

    This is a review of Glauber's asymptotic diffraction theory, in which diffractive scattering is described in terms of interference between semiclassical amplitudes, resulting from a stationary-phase approximation. Typically two such amplitudes are sufficient to accurately describe elastic scattering, but the stationary points are located at complex values of the impact parameter. Their separation controls the interference pattern, and their offsets from the real axis determine the overall fall-off with momentum transfer. Asymptotically, at large momentum transfers, the stationary points move towards singularities of the profile function. I also include some reminiscences from our collaboration.

    nucl-thhep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2020)·1 citation
  20. 20*

    Particle and entropy production in the Running Vacuum Universe

    Joan Sola🇪🇸 · Hao Yu🇪🇸

    We study particle production and the corresponding entropy increase in the context of cosmology with dynamical vacuum. We focus on the particular form that has been called "running vacuum model" (RVM), which is known to furnish a successful description of the overall current observations at a competitive level with the concordance CDM model. It also provides an elegant global explanation of the cosmic history from a non-singular initial state in the very early universe up to our days and further into the final de Sitter era. The model has no horizon problem and provides an alternative explanation for the early inflation and its graceful exit, as well as a powerful mechanism for generating the large entropy of the current universe. The energy-momentum tensor of matter is generally non-conserved in such context owing to particle creation or annihilation. We analyze general thermodynamical aspects of particle and entropy production in the RVM. We first study the entropy of particles in the comoving volume during the early universe and late universe. Then, in order to obtain a more physical interpretation, we pay attention to the entropy contribution from the cosmological apparent horizon, its interior and its surface. On combining the inner volume entropy with the entropy on the horizon, we elucidate with detailed calculations whether the evolution of the entropy of the RVM universe satisfies the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics. We find it is so and we prove that the essential reason for it is the existence of a positive cosmological constant.

    gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thGen.Rel.Grav.(2020)·66 citations
  21. 21*

    Festina Lente: EFT Constraints from Charged Black Hole Evaporation in de Sitter

    Miguel Montero🇧🇪 · Thomas Van Riet🇧🇪 · Victoria Venken🇧🇪

    In the Swampland philosophy of constraining EFTs from black hole mechanics we study charged black hole evaporation in de Sitter space. We establish how the black hole mass and charge change over time due to both Hawking radiation and Schwinger pair production as a function of the masses and charges of the elementary particles in the theory. We find a lower bound on the mass of charged particles by demanding that large charged black holes evaporate back to empty de Sitter space, in accordance with the thermal picture of the de Sitter static patch. This bound is satisfied by the charged spectrum of the Standard Model. We discuss phenomenological implications for the cosmological hierarchy problem and inflation. Enforcing the thermal picture also leads to a heuristic remnant argument for the Weak Gravity Conjecture in de Sitter space, where the usual kinematic arguments do not work. We also comment on a possible relation between WGC and universal bounds on equilibration times. All in all, charged black holes in de Sitter should make haste to evaporate, but they should not rush it.

    hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2020)·125 citations
  22. 22*

    Distance, de Sitter and Trans-Planckian Censorship conjectures: the status quo of Warm Inflation

    Suratna Das🇮🇳

    In this short note, we pointed out that Warm inflationary scenario remains to be favoured over its cold counterpart by the recently proposed conjectures, which aim to overrule de Sitter like constructions in String Landscapes. On the other hand, the canonical cold (single-field slow-roll) inflationary models, which were in tension with the previously proposed de Sitter conjecture, have now become even more unlikely to realise in String Landscapes as these scenarios fail to cope up with both the conjectures, de Sitter and trans-Planckian censorship, at one go.

    hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2020)·76 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.