Wed·Jun 19, 2019Wednesday·June 19, 2019

1. 01*

   Consistent Lorentz violation features from near-TeV IceCube neutrinos

   Yanqi Huang🇨🇳 · Hao Li🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

   A recent proposal to associate 60~TeV to 2~PeV IceCube neutrino events with gamma-ray bursts~(GRBs) indicates the Lorentz violation of cosmic neutrinos and leads further to the $CPT$ symmetry violation between neutrinos and antineutrinos. Here we find that another 12 northern hemisphere track events possibly correlated with GRBs from three-year IceCube data satisfy the same regularity at a lower energy scale around 1~TeV. The combined fitting indicates a Lorentz violation scale $E_{\mathrm{LV}}=(6.4\pm 1.5)\times 10^{17}\mathrm{GeV}$ and an intrinsic time difference $\Delta t_{\mathrm{in}}=(-2.8\pm 0.7)\times 10^2\mathrm{s}$, from which we find an earlier emission of neutrinos than photons at the GRB source. We also suggest analyzing neutrino events detected a few minutes before the GRB trigger time to test the $CPT$ violation of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPRD(2019)·48 citations
2. 02*

   $B$ anomalies in the nonminimal universal extra dimension model

   Jong-Phil Lee🇰🇷

   We investigate the $B$ anomalies in the framework of the nonminimal universal extra dimension models. Newly measured polarization parameters in $B\to D^{(\ast )}\tau \nu$, $P_{\tau }(D^{(\ast )})$ and $F_L(D^{\ast })$ as well as the ratios $R(D^{(\ast )})$ are considered altogether. The Kaluza-Klein modes of the $W$-boson and charged scalar contributes as the new physics effects. We find that the model parameters fit the global data very well with the minimum ${\chi }^2/d.o.f.$ near unity, rendering $B_c\to \tau \nu$ branching ratios to be a few percents. The best-fit values of $R(D)$ and $R(D^{\ast })$ are still far from ($\gtrsim 2\sigma$) the standard model predictions.

   hep-phPRD(2019)·4 citations
3. 03*

   Radiative decays of $h_c$ to the light mesons ${\eta }^{(\prime )}$: A perturbative QCD calculation

   Chao-Jie Fan🇨🇳 · Jun-Kang He🇨🇳

   We study the radiative decays $h_c\to \gamma {\eta }^{(\prime )}$ in the framework of perturbative QCD and evaluate analytically the one-loop integrals with the light quark masses kept. Interestingly, the branching ratios $\mathcal{B}(h_c\to \gamma {\eta }^{(\prime )})$ are insensitive to both the light quark masses and the shapes of ${\eta }^{(\prime )}$ distribution amplitudes. And it is noticed that the contribution of the gluonic content of ${\eta }^{(\prime )}$ is almost equal to that of the quark-antiquark content of ${\eta }^{(\prime )}$ in the radiative decays $h_c\to \gamma {\eta }^{(\prime )}$. By employing the ratio $R_{h_c}=\mathcal{B}(h_c\to \gamma \eta )/\mathcal{B}(h_c\to \gamma {\eta }^{\prime })$, we extract the mixing angle $\varphi =33.8^{\circ }\pm 2.5^{\circ }$, which is in clear disagreement with the Feldmann-Kroll-Stech result $\varphi =39.0^{\circ }\pm 1.6^{\circ }$ extracted from the ratio $R_{J/\psi }$ with nonperturbative matrix elements $⟨0\mid G_{\mu \nu }^a{\tilde{G}}^{a,\mu \nu }\mid {\eta }^{(\prime )}⟩$, but in consistent with $\varphi =33.5^{\circ }\pm 0.9^{\circ }$ extracted from the asymptotic limit of the ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma -{\eta }^{\prime }$ transition form factor and $\varphi =33.9^{\circ }\pm 0.6^{\circ }$ extracted from $R_{J/\psi }$ in perturbative QCD. We also briefly discuss possible reasons for the difference in the determinations of the mixing angle.

   hep-phPRD(2019)·6 citations
4. 04*

   Dark Matter Induced Brownian Motion

   Ting Cheng🇹🇼 · Reinard Primulando🇮🇩 · Martin Spinrath🇹🇼

   We discuss a novel approach for directional, light dark matter searches inspired by the high precision position measurements achieved in gravitational wave detectors. If dark matter interacts with ordinary matter, movable masses are subject to an effect similar to Brownian motion induced by the scattering with dark matter particles which exhibits certain characteristics and could be observed. We provide estimates for the sensitivity of a hypothetical experiment looking for that motion. Interestingly, if successful, our approach would allow to constrain the local distribution of dark matter momentum.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exEPJC(2020)·15 citations
5. 05*

   The effect of LHC ATLAS jet production cross sections data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV on the proton PDFs up to N3LO

   A. Vafaee🇮🇷 · K. Javidan🇮🇷 · A. B. Shokouhi🇮🇷

   The effect of full $7$ sets of LHC ATLAS jet cross sections data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV on the proton parton distribution functions (PDFs) up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (NNNLO or N3LO) corrections is investigated for the first time. Phenomenologically, the proton central PDFs in this perturbative Quantum Chromo Dynamics (pQCD) analysis are defined based on the full seven data sets from HERA I and II combined. It is shown that, the LHC ATLAS jet cross sections data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV on the HERA I and II combined data reduces the error band of proton PDFs. Particularly, the uncertainties of the gluon $xg(x,Q^2)$ and charm $xc(x,Q^2)$ distributions decrease dramatically. Adding the LHC ATLAS jet cross sections data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV on the central proton PDFs improves the quality of the fit up to $\sim 1.53$ \%, $\sim 2.72$ \% and $\sim 2.80$ \% corresponding to next-to-leading order (NLO), next-to-next-to leading order (N2LO) and N3LO, respectively.

   hep-ph1 citation
6. 06*

   Dark Matter in the Earth and the Sun -- Simulating Underground Scatterings for the Direct Detection of Low-Mass Dark Matter

   Timon Emken🇩🇰

   If DM-matter scatterings are assumed to occur in a detector's target material, collisions will naturally take place inside the bulk of planets and stars as well. For large cross sections, these scatterings might occur in the Earth or Sun even prior to the detection. In this thesis, we study the impact of these pre-detection scatterings on direct searches of light DM with the use of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. By simulating the trajectories and scatterings of many individual DM particles in the Earth or Sun, we determine the local distortions of the statistical properties of DM at any detector caused by elastic DM-nucleus collisions. Scatterings inside the Earth distort the underground DM density and velocity distribution. Any detector moves periodically through these inhomogeneities due to the Earth's rotation, and the expected event rate will vary throughout a sidereal day. Using MC simulations, we can determine the exact amplitude and phase of this diurnal modulation for any experiment. For even higher scattering probabilities, collisions in the overburden above the typically underground detectors start to attenuate the incoming DM flux. The critical cross section above which an experiment loses sensitivity to DM itself is determined for a variety of DM-nucleus and DM-electron scattering experiments and different interaction types. Furthermore, we develop the idea that sub-GeV DM particles can enter the Sun, gain kinetic energy by colliding on hot nuclei and get reflected with great speeds. By deriving an analytic expressions for the particle flux from solar reflection via a single scattering, we demonstrate the prospects of future experiments to probe reflected DM and extend their sensitivity to lower masses than accessible by halo DM alone. Finally, we present first results for MC simulations of solar reflections taking into account the effect of multiple scatterings.

   hep-phastro-ph.CO14 citations
7. 07*

   Real Scalar Dark Matter: Relativistic Treatment

   Giorgio Arcadi🇩🇪 · Oleg Lebedev🇫🇮 · Stefan Pokorski🇵🇱 · Takashi Toma🇨🇦

   A stable real scalar provides one of the simplest possibilities to account for dark matter. We consider the regime where its coupling to the Standard Model fields is negligibly small. Due to self-coupling, the scalar field can reach thermal or at least kinetic equilibrium, in which case the system is characterized by its temperature and effective chemical potential. We perform a fully relativistic analysis of dark matter evolution, thermalization conditions and different freeze-out regimes, including the chemical potential effects. To this end, we derive a relativistic Bose-Einstein analog of the Gelmini-Gondolo formula for a thermal averaged cross section. Finally, we perform a comprehensive parameter space analysis to determine regions consistent with observational constraints. Dark matter can be both warm and cold in this model.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2019)·63 citations
8. 08*

   Electroweak corrections to $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \gamma \gamma$ as a luminosity process at FCC-ee

   Carlo M. Carloni Calame🇮🇹 · Mauro Chiesa🇩🇪 · Guido Montagna🇮🇹 · Oreste Nicrosini🇮🇹 · Fulvio Piccinini🇮🇹

   We consider large-angle two photon production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation as a possible process to monitor the luminosity of a future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ circular collider (FCC-ee). We review and assess the status of the theoretical accuracy by performing a detailed phenomenological study of next-to-leading order electroweak corrections and leading logarithmic QED contributions due to multiple photon radiation. We also estimate the impact of photonic and fermion-loop corrections at next-to-next-to-leading order and the uncertainty induced by the hadronic contribution to the vacuum polarization. Possible perspectives to address the target theoretical accuracy are briefly discussed.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2019)·23 citations
9. 09*

   Searching for Fossil Fields in the Gravity Sector

   Emanuela Dimastrogiovanni🇦🇺 · Matteo Fasiello🇬🇧 · Gianmassimo Tasinato🇬🇧

   Evidence for the presence of extra fields during inflation may be found in the anisotropies of the scalar and tensor spectra across a vast range of scales. Indeed, beyond the single-field slow-roll paradigm, a long tensor mode can modulate the power spectrum inducing a sizable quadrupolar anisotropy. We investigate how this dynamics plays out for the tensor two-point correlator. The resulting quadrupole stores information on squeezed tensor non-Gaussianities, specifically those sourced by the extra field content and responsible for the breaking of so-called consistency relations. We underscore the potential of anisotropies as a probe of new physics: testable at CMB scales through the detection of B-modes, they are accessible at smaller scales via interferometers and pulsar timing arrays.

   ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRL(2020)·51 citations
10. 10*

    POEMMA's Target of Opportunity Sensitivity to Cosmic Neutrino Transient Sources

    Tonia M. Venters🇺🇸 · Mary Hall Reno🇺🇸 · John F. Krizmanic🇺🇸 · Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Claire Guépin🇫🇷 · Angela V. Olinto🇺🇸

    We investigate the capability of the Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) in performing Target-of-Opportunity (ToO) neutrino observations. POEMMA will detect tau neutrinos via Cherenkov radiation from their upward-moving extensive air showers. POEMMA will be able to quickly slew ($90^{\circ }$ in 500 s) to the direction of an astrophysical source, which in combination with its orbital speed will provide it with unparalleled capability to follow up transient alerts. We calculate POEMMA's transient sensitivity for two observational modes for its two satellites (ToO-stereo and ToO-dual) and investigate variations in neutrino sensitivity across the sky arising from POEMMA's orbit. We explore separate scenarios for long ($\sim 10^6$ s) and short ($\sim 10^3$ s) bursts, accounting for intrusion from the Sun and the Moon in long-duration scenarios. For long bursts, POEMMA will improve the average neutrino sensitivity above 300 PeV by up to a factor of 7 with respect to existing experiments (e.g., IceCube, ANTARES, and Pierre Auger), reaching the level of model predictions for neutrino fluences at these energies from several types of long-duration astrophysical transients (e.g., binary neutron star mergers and tidal disruption events). For short bursts in the optimal case, POEMMA will improve the sensitivity over existing experiments by at least an order of magnitude above 100 PeV. POEMMA's orbit and rapid slewing will provide access to the full celestial sky, including regions not accessible to ground-based experiments. Finally, we discuss the prospects for detecting neutrinos from candidate astrophysical neutrino sources in the nearby universe. Our results demonstrate that with its improved neutrino sensitivity at ultra-high energies and unique full-sky coverage, POEMMA will be an essential component in an expanding multi-messenger network.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2020)·101 citations
11. 11*

    Prediction of possible exotic states in the $\eta \bar{K}{K}^{\ast }$ system

    Xu Zhang🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

    We investigate the $\eta \bar{K}{K}^{\ast }$ three body system in order to look for possible $I^G(J^{PC})=0^{+}(1^{-+})$ exotic states in the framework of the fixed center approximation to the Faddeev equation. We assume the scattering of $\eta$ on a clusterized system $\bar{K}{K}^{\ast }$, which is known to generate the $f_1(1285)$, or a $\bar{K}$ on a clusterized system $\eta K^{\ast }$, which is shown to generate the $K_1(1270)$. In the case of the $\eta$-$(\bar{K}{K}^{\ast }{)}_{f_1(1285)}$ scattering, we find evidence of a bound state $I^G(J^{PC})=0^{+}(1^{-+})$ below the $\eta f_1(1285)$ threshold with mass around 1700 MeV and width about 180 MeV. Considering the $\bar{K}$-$(\eta K^{\ast }{)}_{K_1(1270)}$ scattering, we obtain a bound state $I(J^P)=0(1^{-})$ just below the $\bar{K}{K}_1(1270)$ threshold with a mass around 1680 MeV and a width about 160 MeV.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exCPC(2020)·16 citations
12. 12*

    Low-energy constants from charmed baryons on QCD lattices

    Yonggoo Heo🇹🇭 · Xiao-Yu Guo🇩🇪 · Matthias F.M. Lutz🇩🇪

    We study the light quark-mass dependence of charmed baryon masses as measured by various QCD lattice collaborations. A global fit to such data based on the chiral SU(3) Lagrangian is reported on. All low-energy constants that are relevant at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N${}^3$LO) are determined from the lattice data sets where constraints from sum rules as they follow from large-Nc QCD at subleading order are considered. The expected hierarchy for the low-energy constants in the 1/Nc expansion is confirmed by our global fits to the lattice data. With our results the low-energy interaction of the Goldstone bosons with the charmed baryon ground states is well constrained and the path towards realistic coupled-channel computations in this sector of QCD is prepared.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2020)·1 citation
13. 13*

    Prospect for constraining holographic dark energy with gravitational wave standard sirens from the Einstein Telescope

    Jing-Fei Zhang🇨🇳 · Hong-Yan Dong🇨🇳 · Jing-Zhao Qi🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇨🇳

    We study the holographic dark energy (HDE) model by using the future gravitational wave (GW) standard siren data observed from the Einstein Telescope (ET) in this work. We simulate 1000 GW standard siren data based on a 10-year observation of the ET to make this analysis. We find that all the cosmological parameters in the HDE model can be tremendously improved by including the GW standard siren data in the cosmological fit. The GW data combined with the current cosmic microwave background anisotropies, baryon acoustic oscillations, and type Ia supernovae data will measure the cosmological parameters ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}$, $H_0$, and $c$ in the HDE model to be at the accuracies of 1.28%, 0.59%, and 3.69%, respectively. A comparison with the cosmological constant model and the constant-$w$ dark energy model shows that, compared to the standard model, the parameter degeneracies will be broken more thoroughly in a dynamical dark energy model. We find that the GW data alone can provide a fairly good measurement for $H_0$, but for other cosmological parameters the GW data alone can only provide rather weak measurements. However, due to the fact that the parameter degeneracies can be broken by the GW data, the standard sirens can play an essential role in improving the parameter estimation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phEPJC(2020)·53 citations
14. 14*

    Higgs boson production in partonic and electromagnetic interactions with heavy ions

    David d'Enterria🇨🇭

    Higgs boson production in partonic and electromagnetic (photon-photon) interactions of light- and heavy-ions (A-A) at the LHC and future colliders is summarized. Parton-induced cross sections --including gluon-gluon, vector-boson fusion, and associated W, Z, t processes-- are computed at NNLO with MCFM 8.0 using nuclear parton distribution functions. Photon-photon cross sections are computed with MadGraph 5.0 for ultraperipheral A-A interactions with both ions surviving the collision. In the center-of-mass energy range $\sqrt{s}\approx 5$--100 TeV, the ratio of electromagnetic-to-partonic Higgs cross sections is ${\mathrm{R}}_{e.m./parton}\approx 10^{-5}$--10${}^{-4}$. At FCC energies, this ratio is 10--100 times larger in A-A than in p-p thanks to the strong nuclear coherent $\gamma$ fluxes. The feasibility of Higgs boson measurements at LHC, HE-LHC, and FCC, in the most-favourable $H\to \gamma \gamma ,b\bar{b}$ decay channels in partonic and e.m. interactions respectively, is determined taking into account standard acceptance and efficiency losses on the final states, plus selection criteria to minimize the respective continuum backgrounds. Whereas $3\sigma$ evidence for partonic and e.m. Higgs production requires about $\times$35 and $\times$200 ($\times$7 and $\times$30) larger integrated luminosities than those expected for a nominal 1-month run at the LHC (HE-LHC), a $5\sigma$ observation of both production modes is warranted in just one month at the FCC.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exnucl-th1 citation
15. 15*

    Gauge and gravitational instantons: From 3-forms and fermions to Weak Gravity and flat axion potentials

    Arthur Hebecker🇩🇪 · Philipp Henkenjohann🇩🇪

    We investigate the role of gauge and gravitational instantons in the context of the Swampland program. Our focus is on the global symmetry breaking they induce, especially in the presence of fermions. We first recall and make more precise the description of the dilute instanton gas through a 3-form gauge theory. In this language, the familiar suppression of instanton effects by light fermions can be understood as the decoupling of the 3-form. Even if all fermions remain massive, such decoupling may occur on the basis of an explicitly unbroken but anomalous global symmetry in the fermionic sector. This should be forbidden by quantum gravity, which leads us to conjecture a related, cutoff-dependent lower bound on the induced axion potential. Finally, we note that the gravitational counterpart of the above are K3 instantons. These are small fluctuations of Euclidean spacetime with K3 topology, which induce fermionic operators analogous to the 't Hooft vertex in gauge theories. Although Planck-suppressed, they may be phenomenologically relevant if accompanied by other higher-dimension fermion operators or if the K3 carries appropriate gauge fluxes.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2019)·24 citations
16. 16*

    Constraining the primordial black hole abundance with 21cm cosmology

    Olga Mena🇪🇸 · Sergio Palomares-Ruiz🇪🇸 · Pablo Villanueva-Domingo🇪🇸 · Samuel J. Witte🇪🇸

    The discoveries of a number of binary black hole mergers by LIGO and VIRGO has reinvigorated the interest that primordial black holes (PBHs) of tens of solar masses could contribute non-negligibly to the dark matter energy density. Should even a small population of PBHs with masses $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(M_{\odot })$ exist, they could profoundly impact the properties of the intergalactic medium and provide insight into novel processes at work in the early Universe. We demonstrate here that observations of the 21cm transition in neutral hydrogen during the epochs of reionization and cosmic dawn will likely provide one of the most stringent tests of solar mass PBHs. In the context of 21cm cosmology, PBHs give rise to three distinct observable effects: $\text{(i)}$ the modification to the primordial power spectrum (and thus also the halo mass function) induced by Poisson noise, $\text{(ii)}$ a uniform heating and ionization of the intergalactic medium via X-rays produced during accretion, and $\text{(iii)}$ a local modification to the temperature and density of the ambient medium surrounding isolated PBHs. Using a four-parameter astrophysical model, we show that experiments like SKA and HERA could potentially improve upon existing constraints derived using observations of the cosmic microwave background by more than one order of magnitude.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2019)·100 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.