Mon·Jun 10, 2019Monday·June 10, 2019

1. 01*

   Enhancement of the Axion Decay Constant in Inflation and the Weak Gravity Conjecture

   Pran Nath🇺🇸 · Maksim Piskunov🇺🇸

   Models of axion inflation based on a single cosine potential require the axion decay constant $f$ to be super-Planckian in size. However, $f>M_{Pl}$ is disfavored by the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC). It is then pertinent to ask if one can construct axion inflation models in conformity with WGC. In this work we assume that WGC holds for the microscopic Lagrangian so that $f<M_{Pl}$. However, inflation is controlled by an effective Lagrangian much below the Planck scale where the inflaton is an effective axionic field associated with an effective decay constant $f_e$ which could be very different from $f$. In this work we propose a Coherent Enhancement Mechanism (CEM) for slow roll inflation controlled by flat potentials which can produce $f_e\gg M_{Pl}$ while $f<M_{Pl}$. In the analysis we consider a landscape of chiral fields charged under a $U\left(1\right)$ global shift symmetry and consider breaking of the $U\left(1\right)$ symmetry by instanton type symmetry breaking terms. In the broken phase there is one light pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-Boson (pNGB) which acts as the inflaton. We show that with an appropriate choice of symmetry breaking terms the inflaton potential is a superposition of many cosines and the condition that they produce a flat potential allows one to enhance $f_e$ so that $f_e/M_{Pl}\gg 1$. We discuss the utility of this mechanism for a variety of inflaton models originating in supersymmetry and supergravity. The Coherent Enhancement Mechanism allows one to reduce an inflation model with an arbitrary potential to an effective model of natural inflation, i.e. with a single cosine, by expanding the potential near a field point where horizon exit occurs, and matching the expansion coefficients to those of natural inflation.

   hep-phhep-th4 citations
2. 02*

   Beyond $M_{t\bar{t}}$: learning to search for a broad $t\bar{t}$ resonance at the LHC

   Sunghoon Jung🇰🇷 · Dongsub Lee🇰🇷 · Ke-Pan Xie🇰🇷

   A resonance peak in the invariant mass spectrum has been the main feature of a particle at collider experiments. However, broad resonances not exhibiting such a sharp peak are generically predicted in new physics models beyond the Standard Model. Without a peak, how do we discover a broad resonance at colliders? We use machine learning technique to explore answers beyond common knowledge. We learn that, by applying deep neural network to the case of a $t\bar{t}$ resonance, the invariant mass $M_{t\bar{t}}$ is still useful, but additional information from off-resonance region, angular correlations, $p_T$, and top jet mass are also significantly important. As a result, the improved LHC sensitivities do not depend strongly on the width. The results may also imply that the additional information can be used to improve narrow-resonance searches too. Further, we also detail how we assess machine-learned information.

   hep-phEPJC(2020)·10 citations
3. 03*

   Kinematic Focus Point Method for Particle Mass Measurements in Missing Energy Events

   Doojin Kim🇺🇸 · Konstantin T. Matchev🇺🇸 · Prasanth Shyamsundar🇺🇸

   We investigate the solvability of the event kinematics in missing energy events at hadron colliders, as a function of the particle mass ansatz. To be specific, we reconstruct the neutrino momenta in dilepton $t\bar{t}$-like events, without assuming any prior knowledge of the mass spectrum. We identify a class of events, which we call extreme events, with the property that the kinematic boundary of their allowed region in mass parameter space passes through the true mass point. We develop techniques for recognizing extreme events in the data and demonstrate that they are abundant in a realistic data sample, due to expected singularities in phase space. We propose a new method for mass measurement whereby we obtain the true values of the mass parameters as the focus point of the kinematic boundaries for all events in the data sample. Since the masses are determined from a relatively sharp peak structure (the density of kinematic boundary curves), the method avoids some of the systematic errors associated with other techniques. We show that this new approach is complementary to previously considered methods in the literature where one studies the solvability of the kinematic constraints throughout the mass parameter space. In particular, we identify a problematic direction in mass space of nearly 100% solvability, and then show that the focus point method is effective in lifting the degeneracy.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2019)·8 citations
4. 04*

   Thermal Field Theory of the Tsallis statistics

   Mahfuzur Rahaman🇮🇳 · Trambak Bhattacharyya🇷🇺 · Jan-e Alam🇮🇳

   Classical and quantum Tsallis distributions have been widely used in many branches of natural and social sciences. But, the quantum field theory of the Tsallis distributions is relatively a less explored arena. In this article we derive the expression for the thermal two-point functions for the Tsallis statistics with the help of the corresponding statistical mechanical formulations. We show that the quantum Tsallis distributions used in the literature appear in the thermal part of the propagator much in the same way the Boltzmann-Gibbs distributions appear in the conventional thermal field theory. As an application of our findings, thermal mass of the real scalar bosons subjected to phi^4 interaction has been calculated in the Tsallis statistics.

   hep-ph4 citations
5. 05*

   FAKE GUT

   Masahiro Ibe🇯🇵 · Satoshi Shirai🇯🇵 · Motoo Suzuki🇯🇵 · Tsutomu T. Yanagida🇯🇵

   The perfect fit of the matter fields of the Standard Model (SM) into the $SU(5)$ multiplets has strongly supported the idea of the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) for decades. In this paper, we discuss a novel framework which explains why the SM matter fields form the apparently complete $SU(5)$ multiplets. In the new framework, the apparent matter unification inevitably results from chiral $SU(5)$ gauge theory even if the quarks and leptons are not embedded into the common $SU(5)$ multiplets. We call this class of models the "fake GUT". The novel phenomenological prediction of the fake GUT is more variety of the nucleon decay modes than the conventional GUT, which reflects the rich structure of the origin of the matter fields.

   hep-phPRD(2019)·11 citations
6. 06*

   Long-lived heavy particles in neutrino mass models

   Carolina Arbeláez🇨🇱 · Juan Carlos Helo🇨🇱 · Martin Hirsch🇪🇸

   All extensions of the standard model that generate Majorana neutrino masses at the electro-weak scale introduce some "heavy" mediators, either fermions and/or scalars, weakly coupled to leptons. Here, by "heavy" we understand implicitly the mass range between a few 100 GeV up to, say, roughly 2 TeV, such that these particles can be searched for at the LHC. We study decay widths of these mediators for several different tree-level neutrino mass models. The models we consider range from the simplest $d=5$ seesaw up to $d=11$ neutrino mass models. For each of the models we identify the most interesting parts of the parameter space, where the heavy mediator fields are particularly long-lived and can decay with experimentally measurable decay lengths. One has to distinguish two different scenarios, depending on whether fermions or scalars are the lighter of the heavy particles. For fermions we find that the decay lengths correlate with the inverse of the overall neutrino mass scale. Thus, since no lower limit on the lightest neutrino mass exists, nearly arbitrarily long decay lengths can be obtained for the case where fermions are the lighter of the heavy particles. For charged scalars, on the other hand, there exists a maximum value for the decay length. This maximum value depends on the model and on the electric charge of the scalar under consideration, but can at most be of the order of a few millimeters. Interestingly, independent of the model, this maximum occurs always in a region of parameter space, where leptonic and gauge boson final states have similar branching ratios, i.e. where the observation of lepton number violating final states from scalar decays is possible.

   hep-phPRD(2019)·13 citations
7. 07*

   Matching long and short distances at order $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s)$ in the form factors for $K\to \pi {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$

   Giancarlo D'Ambrosio🇮🇹 · David Greynat · Marc Knecht🇫🇷

   At order $\mathcal{O}(\alpha G_{\mathrm{F}})$, the amplitudes for the decays $K\to \pi {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ involve a form factor given by the matrix element of the time-ordered product of the electromagnetic current with the four-quark operators describing weak non-leptonic neutral-current transitions between a kaon and a pion. The short-distance behaviour of this time-ordered product, when considered at order $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s)$ in the perturbative expansion of QCD, involves terms linear and quadratic in the logarithm of the Euclidean momentum transfer squared. It is shown how one can exactly match these short-distance features using a dispersive representation of the form factor, with an absorptive part given by an infinite sum of zero-width resonances following a Regge-type spectrum. Some phenomenology-related issues are briefly discussed.

   hep-phhep-thPLB(2019)·21 citations
8. 08*

   Study of the interactions of the axion with mesons and photons using a chiral effective Lagrangian model

   Giacomo Landini🇮🇹 · Enrico Meggiolaro🇮🇹

   We investigate the most interesting decay processes involving axions, photons and the lightest pseudoscalar mesons, making use of a chiral effective Lagrangian model with $L=3$ light quark flavors, which also includes the flavor-singlet pseudoscalar meson and implements the $U(1)$ axial anomaly of the fundamental theory. In particular, we compute the electromagnetic coupling of the axion to photons and we compare our result with the prediction of the Chiral Effective Lagrangian with $L=2$ light quark flavors. Moreover, we study the decay channels $\eta /{\eta }^{\prime }\to \pi \pi a$ and we estimate the corresponding decay widths, using the existing bounds on the $U(1{)}_{PQ}$ breaking scale.

   hep-phEPJC(2020)·18 citations
9. 09*

   Canonical statistical model analysis of p-p, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

   Volodymyr Vovchenko🇩🇪 · Benjamin Dönigus🇩🇪 · Horst Stoecker🇩🇪

   The system-size dependence of hadrochemistry at vanishing baryon density is considered within the canonical statistical model (CSM) with local exact conservation of three conserved charges, allowing for a possibility of strangeness undersaturation, i.e. ${\gamma }_S\le 1$. Exact baryon number conservation is found to be even more important than that of strangeness in the canonical suppression picture at the LHC, in contrast to intermediate and low collision energies. The model is applied to p-p, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb data of the ALICE collaboration. A chemical equilibrium CSM with a fixed $T_{\mathrm{ch}}=155$ MeV describes the trends seen in most yield ratios. However, this vanilla version of CSM predicts an enhancement of the $\varphi /\pi$ ratio at smaller multiplicities, in stark contrast to the suppression seen in the data. The data are described with a 15% relative accuracy level whence a multiplicity dependence of both the temperature and the strangeness saturation parameter ${\gamma }_S\le 1$ is accepted. Both the canonical suppression and the strangeness undersaturation effects are small at $d{N}_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta \gtrsim 100$, but they do improve substantially the description of hadron yields in p-p collisions, in particular the $\Omega$ yields. A possibility to constrain the rapidity correlation volume using net-proton fluctuation measurements is pointed out.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2019)·140 citations
10. 10*

    $R$-parity Violating Decays of Bino Neutralino LSPs at the LHC

    Sebastian Dumitru🇺🇸 · Christian Herwig🇺🇸 · Burt A. Ovrut🇺🇸

    The $R$-parity violating decays of Bino neutralino LSPs are analyzed within the context of the $B-L$ MSSM "heterotic standard model". These LSPs correspond to statistically determined initial soft supersymmetry breaking parameters which, when evolved using the renormalization group equations, lead to an effective theory satisfying all phenomenological requirements; including the observed electroweak vector boson masses and the Higgs mass. The explicit RPV decay channels of these LSPs into standard model particles, the analytic and numerical decay rates and the associated branching ratios are presented. The analysis of these quantities breaks into two separate calculations; first, for Bino neutralino LSPs with mass larger than $M_{W^{\pm }}$ and, second, when the Bino neutralino mass is smaller than the electroweak scale. The RPV decay processes in both of these regions is analyzed in detail. The decay lengths of these RPV interactions are discussed. It is shown that for heavy Bino neutralino LSPs the vast majority of these decays are "prompt", although a small, but calculable, number correspond to "displaced" decays of various lengths. The situation is reversed for light Bino LSPs, only a small number of which can RPV decay promptly. The relation of these results to the neutrino hierarchy--either normal or inverted--is discussed in detail.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thJHEP(2019)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Influence of quark masses and strangeness degrees of freedom on inhomogeneous chiral phases

    Michael Buballa🇩🇪 · Stefano Carignano🇪🇸

    Several model calculations of the QCD phase structure at nonzero temperature and density suggest that in certain regions of the phase diagram inhomogeneous condensates are favored over homogeneous ones. In particular, in a two-flavor NJL model in the chiral limit the would-be first-order boundary associated with the chiral phase transition is entirely covered by an inhomogeneous phase, characterized by a spatially modulated chiral condensate, whose tip coincides exactly with the chiral critical point. In this contribution we discuss how this result is altered by the inclusion of nonzero quark masses and strange quarks in the model.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS(2019)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Pseudoscalar Quarkonium+gamma Production at NLL+NLO accuracy

    Hee Sok Chung🇩🇪 · June-Haak Ee🇰🇷 · Daekyoung Kang🇨🇳 · U-Rae Kim🇰🇷 · Jungil Lee🇰🇷 · Xiang-Peng Wang🇩🇪

    We consider the exclusive pseudoscalar heavy-quarkonium (eta_{b,c}) production in association with a photon at future lepton colliders where the collider energies of O(10^2) GeV are far greater than the quarkonium mass. At these energies, the logarithm of mass to collision energy becomes increasingly large hence its resummation becomes particularly important. By making use of the light-cone-distribution factorization formula, we resum the logarithms up to next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy (NLL) that corresponds to order-alpha_s accuracy. We combine the resummed result with a known fixed-order result at next-to-leading order (NLO) such that both resummed-logarithmic terms and non-logarithmic terms are included at the same order in alpha_s. This allowed us to provide reliable predictions at accuracies of order alpha_s ranging from relatively low energies near quarkonium mass to the collider energies of O(10^2) GeV. We also include the leading relativistic corrections resummed at leading-logarithmic accuracy. Our prediction at the Belle energy is comparable with fixed-order predictions in literatures while it shows a large deviation from a recent Belle's upper limit by about 4 sigma. Finally, we make predictions for the energies of future Z and Higgs factories.

    hep-phJHEP(2019)·21 citations
13. 13*

    Quarkonium Phenomenology from a Generalised Gauss Law

    David Lafferty🇩🇪 · Alexander Rothkopf🇳🇴

    We present an improved analytic parametrisation of the complex in-medium heavy quark potential derived rigorously from the generalised Gauss law. To this end we combine in a self-consistent manner a non-perturbative vacuum potential with a weak-coupling description of the QCD medium. The resulting Gauss-law parametrisation is able to reproduce full lattice QCD data by using only a single temperature dependent parameter, the Debye mass $m_D$. Using this parametrisation we model the in-medium potential at finite baryo-chemical potential, which allows us to estimate the ${\Psi }^{\prime }$/$J/\Psi$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions at different beam energies.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thUniverse(2019)·1 citation
14. 14*

    Pion-induced production of hidden-charm pentaquarks $P_c(4312),P_c(4440)$, and $P_c(4457)$

    Xiao-Yun Wang🇨🇳 · Jun He🇨🇳 · Xu-Rong Chen🇨🇳 · Quanjin Wang🇨🇳 · Xinmei Zhu🇨🇳

    The production of the hidden-charm pentaquarks $P_c$ via pion-induced reaction on a proton target is investigated within an effective Lagrangian approach. Three experimentally observed states, $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$, and $P_c(4457)$, are considered in the calculation, and the Reggeized $t$-channel meson exchange is considered as main background for the reaction ${\pi }^{-}p\to J/\psi n$. The numerical results show that the experimental data of the total cross section of the reaction ${\pi }^{-}p\to J/\psi n$ at $W\simeq 5$ GeV can be well explained by contribution of the Reggeized $t$ channel with reasonable cutoff. If the branching ratios $Br[P_c\to J/\psi N]\simeq 3\%$ and $Br[P_c\to \pi N]\simeq 0.05\%$ are taken, the average value of the cross section from the $P_c(4312)$ contribution is about 1.2 nb/100 MeV, which is consistent with existing rude data at near-threshold energies. The results indicate that the branching ratios of the $P_c$ states to the $J/\psi N$ and $\pi N$ should be small. The shape of differential cross sections shows that the Reggeized $t$-channel provides a sharp increase at extreme forward angles, while the differential cross sections from the $P_c$ states contributions are relatively flat. High-precision experimental measurements on the reaction ${\pi }^{-}p\to J/\psi n$ at near-threshold energies are suggested to confirm the LHCb hidden-charm pentaquarks as genuine states, and such experiments are also helpful to understand the origin of these resonance structures.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exPLB(2019)·39 citations
15. 15*

    A Baseline Study of the Event-shape and Multiplicity Dependence of Chemical Freeze-out Parameters in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV Using PYTHIA8

    Rutuparna Rath🇮🇳 · Arvind Khuntia🇵🇱 · Sushanta Tripathy🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

    The event-shape and multiplicity dependence of the chemical freeze-out temperature ($T_{\text{ch}}$), freeze-out radius ($R$), and strangeness saturation factor (${\gamma }_s$) are obtained by studying the particle yields from the PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo event generator in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. Spherocity is one of the transverse event-shape techniques to distinguish jetty and isotropic events in high-energy collisions and helps in looking into various observables in a more differential manner. In this study, spherocity~classes are divided into three categories, namely (i) spherocity integrated, (ii) isotropic, and~(iii) jetty. The~chemical freeze-out parameters are extracted using a statistical thermal model as a function of the spherocity class and charged particle multiplicity in the canonical, strangeness canonical, and grand canonical ensembles. A clear observation of the multiplicity and spherocity class dependence of $T_{\text{ch}}$, $R$, and ${\gamma }_s$ is observed. A final state multiplicity, $N_{\mathrm{ch}}\ge$ 30 in the forward multiplicity acceptance of the ALICE detector appears to be a thermodynamic limit, where the freeze-out parameters become almost independent of the ensembles. This~study plays an important role in understanding the particle production mechanism in high-multiplicity pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies in view of a finite hadronic phase lifetime in small systems.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPhysics(2020)·7 citations
16. 16*

    Progress and Simulations for Intranuclear Neutron--Antineutron Transformations in ${}_{18}^{40}Ar$

    Joshua L. Barrow🇺🇸 · Elena S. Golubeva🇷🇺 · Eduard Paryev🇷🇺 · Jean-Marc Richard🇫🇷

    With the imminent construction of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and Hyper-Kamiokande, nucleon decay searches as a means to constrain beyond Standard Model (BSM) extensions are once again at the forefront of fundamental physics. Abundant neutrons within these large experimental volumes, along with future high-intensity neutron beams such as the European Spallation Source, offer a powerful, high-precision portal onto this physics through searches for $\mathcal{B}$ and $\mathcal{B}-\mathcal{L}$ violating processes such as neutron--antineutron transformations ($n\to \bar{n}$), a key prediction of compelling theories of baryogenesis. With this in mind, this paper discusses a novel and self-consistent intranuclear simulation of this process within ${}_{18}^{40}Ar$, which plays the role of both detector and target within DUNE's gigantic liquid argon time projection chambers. An accurate and independent simulation of the resulting intranuclear annihilation respecting important physical correlations and cascade dynamics for this large nucleus is necessary to understand the viability of such rare searches when contrasted against background sources such as atmospheric neutrinos. Recent theoretical improvements to our model, including the first calculation of ${}_{18}^{40}Ar$'s $\bar{n}$-intranuclear suppression factor, and Monte Carlo simulation comparisons to another publicly available $n\to \bar{n}$ generator within GENIE, are also discussed.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-thPRD(2020)·45 citations
17. 17*

    Cosmology in the presence of multiple light moduli

    Bobby S. Acharya🇬🇧 · Mansi Dhuria🇮🇳 · Diptimoy Ghosh🇮🇳 · Anshuman Maharana🇮🇳 · Francesco Muia🇮🇹

    The generic expectation in string/supergravity models is that there are multiple moduli fields with masses of the order of the supersymmetry breaking scale. We study the cosmology that arises as a result of vacuum misalignment of these moduli fields (in contrast to previous studies which mostly focussed on the single modulus case). We show that the dark radiation produced from the heavier moduli undergoes significant dilution. This happens even if there is a small splitting between the masses of the lightest and the heavier moduli. On the other hand, in the absence of fast annihilation processes decay of heavier moduli generically leads to overproduction of dark matter. We discuss a scenario where the problem can be addressed with a prompt dark matter annihilation to dark radiation. This can lead to realistic dark matter abundances, and the additional dark radiation produced as a result of this mechanism undergoes sufficient dilution as long as the annihilation is prompt.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJCAP(2019)·22 citations
18. 18*

    $p_T$-Dependent Particle Number Fluctuations From Principal Component Analyses in Hydrodynamic Simulations of Heavy-Ion Collisions

    Fernando G. Gardim🇧🇷 · Frédérique Grassi🇧🇷 · Pedro Ishida🇧🇷 · Matthew Luzum🇧🇷 · Jean-Yves Ollitrault🇫🇷

    We carry out a principal component analysis of fluctuations in a hydrodynamic simulation of heavy-ion collisions, and compare with experimental data from the CMS collaboration. The leading and subleading principal components of elliptic and triangular flow reproduce the trends seen in data. By contrast, the principal components of multiplicity fluctuations show an interesting difference in their $p_T$ dependence for simulations compared to experimental data. Specifically, the leading component increases with $p_T$ in hydrodynamics, while it is constant in experiment. In order to understand how the leading and subleading modes arise, we construct a toy model where the principal components have a simple analytic form. We show how the PCA components depend on fluctuations of the average transverse momentum and of the total multiplicity, as well as correlations between the two, and we verify that hydrodynamic simulations agree with the predictions of the toy model. The difference in the momentum trend is likely due to the fact that hydrodynamic models typically have transverse momentum fluctuations that are larger than seen experimentally.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2019)·30 citations
19. 19*

    Analytic expressions for the background evolution of massive neutrinos and dark matter particles

    Rubén Arjona🇪🇸 · Wilmar Cardona🇨🇴 · Savvas Nesseris🇪🇸

    We provide exact analytic expressions for the density, pressure, average number density and pseudo-pressure for massive neutrinos and generic dark matter particles, both fermions and bosons. We then focus on massive neutrinos and we compare our analytic expressions with the numerical implementation in the CLASS Boltzmann code. We find that our modifications including the exact analytic expressions are in agreement to better than $10^{-4}\%$ with the default CLASS implementation in the estimation of the CMB power spectrum; our modifications do not have an impact on the performance of the code. We also provide several specific limits of our expressions at the relativistic regime, but also at late times for the neutrino equation of state.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2019)·3 citations
20. 20*

    Evolution of black hole shadow in the presence of ultralight bosons

    Rittick Roy🇮🇳 · Urjit A. Yajnik🇮🇳

    Kerr black holes coupled to quantized bosonic fields display a special version of the Hawking effect, governed by the superradiance condition. This leads to rapid growth of boson cloud through spontaneous creation, leading to slowing down of the black hole, and detectable as growth of the black hole shadow. This can be developed into a technique for searching or constraining the existence of ultralight bosons. We study this phenomenon for spin-0 bosons in the shadow of a black hole, with a detailed analysis of Sgr$A^{\ast }$, and put estimates on the evolution time scales and subsequent change in the black hole shadow features. Our study shows that there is a small window of parameters where the increase of shadow of a supermassive black hole may be visible, but only if the sensitivity of measurements increases from current 25 $\mu$as to about 0.1 $\mu$as.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phPLB(2020)·70 citations
21. 21*

    A Finite $S$-Matrix

    Holmfridur Hannesdottir🇺🇸 · Matthew D. Schwartz🇺🇸

    When massless particles are involved, the traditional scattering matrix ($S$-matrix) does not exist: it has no rigorous non-perturbative definition and has infrared divergences in its perturbative expansion. The problem can be traced to the impossibility of isolating single-particle states at asymptotic times. On the other hand, the troublesome non-separable interactions are often universal: in gauge theories they factorize so that the asymptotic evolution is independent of the hard scattering. Exploiting this factorization property, we show how a finite "hard" $S$-matrix, $S_H$, can be defined by replacing the free Hamiltonian with a soft-collinear asymptotic Hamiltonian. The elements of $S_H$ are gauge invariant and infrared finite, and exist even in conformal field theories. One can interpret elements of $S_H$ alternatively 1) as elements of the traditional $S$-matrix between dressed states, 2) as Wilson coefficients, or 3) as remainder functions. These multiple interpretations provide different insights into the rich structure of $S_H$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2023)·60 citations
22. 22*

    GINGER

    Angela D.V. Di Virgilio🇮🇹

    GINGER (Gyroscopes IN GEneral Relativity), based on an array of large dimension ring laser gyroscopes, is aiming at measuring in a ground laboratory the gravito-electric and gravito-magnetic effects (also known as De Sitter and Lense-Thirrings effect), foreseen by General Relativity. The sensitivity depends on the size of the RLG cavities and the cavity losses, considering the present sensitivity, and assuming the total losses of 6 ppm, with 40m perimeter and 1 day of integration time sensitivity of the order of frad/s is attainable. The construction of GINGER is at present under discussion.

    ↳ physics.ins-detgr-qchep-ph3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.