Thu·Aug 31, 2017Thursday·August 31, 2017

1. 01*

   Stable Sexaquark

   Glennys R. Farrar🇺🇸

   It is proposed that the neutral, B=2, flavor singlet sexaquark (S) composed of uuddss quarks, has mass m_S <~ 2 GeV. If m_S < 2 (m_p + m_e), it is absolutely stable, while for m_S < m_p+m_e + m_Lambda, its lifetime can be greater than the age of the Universe. Lattice gauge theory cannot yet predict m_S, but indirect evidence supports the hypothesis of stability. A stable S is consistent with QCD theory and would have eluded detection in accelerator and non-accelerator experiments. If it exists, the S is a good Dark Matter candidate. Analyses of existing Upsilon decay and LHC data can be used to discover it and measure its mass.

   hep-ph71 citations
2. 02*

   Exploring the predictability of symmetric texture zeros in quark mass matrices

   Rohit Verma🇮🇳

   The predictability of hierarchical quark mass matrices with symmetrically placed texture zeros is explored in the light of current precision measurements on quark masses and mixing data and interesting phenomenological relations among the quark mass ratios and flavor mixing angles along with CP asymmetry angle $\beta$ are deduced for different predictive textures within the framework of the Standard Model. It is shown that a single non-trivial phase in these mass matrices is sufficient enough to account for the observed CP-violation in the quark sector. In particular, it is observed that the Cabibbo angle is predominantly determined by the ratio $\sqrt{m_d/m_s}$ and corrections may also result from $\sqrt{m_u/m_c}$. Furthermore, $V_{cb}\cong \sqrt{m_d/m_b}$ or $V_{cb}\cong \sqrt{m_c/2m_t}$ along with $V_{ub}\simeq \sqrt{m_u/m_t}$ provide excellent agreements with the current mixing data and $\beta =-Arg\{V_{td}\}$ may provide a rigorous test at the B-factories for some of these texture zero structures.

   hep-phPRD(2017)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Lectures on the Theory of the Weak Interaction

   Michael E. Peskin🇺🇸

   I review aspects of the theory of the weak interaction in a set of lectures originally presented at the 2016 CERN-JINR European School of Particle Physics. The topics discussed are: (1) the experimental basis of the V-A structure of the weak interaction; (2) precision electroweak measurements at the Z resonance; (3) the Goldstone Boson Equivalence Theorem; (4) the Standard Model theory of the Higgs boson; (5) the future program of precision study of the Higgs boson.

   hep-ph18 citations
4. 04*

   The Reach of the High-Energy LHC for Gluinos and Top Squarks in SUSY Models with Light Higgsinos

   Howard Baer🇺🇸 · Vernon Barger🇺🇸 · James S. Gainer🇺🇸 · Hasan Serce🇺🇸 · Xerxes Tata🇺🇸

   We examine the top squark (stop) and gluino reach of the proposed 33 TeV energy upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC33) in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with light higgsinos and relatively heavy electroweak gauginos. In our analysis, we assume that stops decay to higgsinos via ${\tilde{t}}_1\to t{\tilde{Z}}_1$, ${\tilde{t}}_1\to t{\tilde{Z}}_2$ and $\tilde{t}$${}_1\to b{\tilde{W}}_1$ with branching fractions in the ratio 1:1:2 (expected if the decay occurs dominantly via the superpotential Yukawa coupling) while gluinos decay via $\tilde{g}\to t{\tilde{t}}_1$ or via three-body decays to third generation quarks plus higgsinos. These decay patterns are motivated by models of natural supersymmetry where higgsinos are expected to be close in mass to $m_Z$, but gluinos may be as heavy as $5-6$ TeV and stops may have masses up to $\sim 3$ TeV. We devise cuts to optimize the signals from stop and gluino pair production at LHC33. We find that experiments at LHC33 should be able to discover stops with $>5\sigma$ significance if $m_{{\tilde{t}}_1}<2.3(2.8)[3.2]$ TeV for an integrated luminosity of 0.3 (1)[3] ab${}^{-1}$. The corresponding reach for gluinos extends to 5 (5.5) [6] TeV. These results imply that experiments at LHC33 should be able to discover at least one of the stop or gluino pair signals even with an integrated luminosity of 0.3 ab${}^{-1}$ for natural SUSY models with no worse than 3% electroweak fine-tuning, and quite likely both gluinos and stops for an integrated luminosity of 3 ab${}^{-1}$.

   hep-phPRD(2017)·41 citations
5. 05*

   Model-Independent Determination of the Triple Higgs Coupling at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Colliders

   Tim Barklow🇺🇸 · Keisuke Fujii🇯🇵 · Sunghoon Jung🇰🇷 · Michael E. Peskin🇺🇸 · Junping Tian🇯🇵

   The observation of Higgs pair production at high-energy colliders can give evidence for the presence of a triple Higgs coupling. However, the actual determination of the value of this coupling is more difficult. In the context of general models for new physics, double Higgs production processes can receive contributions from many possible beyond-Standard-Model effects. This dependence must be understood if one is to make a definite statement about the deviation of the Higgs field potential from the Standard Model. In this paper, we study the extraction of the triple Higgs coupling from the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to Zhh$. We show that, by combining the measurement of this process with other measurements available at a 500 GeV $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider, it is possible to quote model-independent limits on the Effective Field Theory parameter c6 that parametrizes modifications of the Higgs potential. We present precise error estimates based on the anticipated ILC physics program, studied with full simulation. Our analysis also gives new insight into the model-independent extraction of the Higgs boson coupling constants and total width from $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ data.

   hep-phPRD(2018)·97 citations
6. 06*

   One-Loop Corrections of Single Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive DIS

   A.P. Chen🇨🇳 · J.P. Ma🇨🇳 · G.P. Zhang🇨🇳

   We study single spin asymmetries at one-loop accuracy in semi-inclusive DIS with a transversely polarized hadron in the initial state. Two measurable spin observables are predicted in the framework of QCD collinear factorization. One of the spin observables is the Sivers weighted asymmetry, another one is the Collins weighted asymmetry. The prediction takes a form of convolutions of perturbative coefficient functions and nonperturbative functions, which are twist-2 transversity distributions, twist-3 parton distributions, twist-2- and twist-3 parton fragmentation functions. These nonperturbative functions can be extracted from measurements of the spin observables and provide valuable information of the inner structure of hadrons. The measurements can be done in current COMPASS- and JLab experiments and in future experiments of EIC. The perturbative coefficient functions are calculated at one-loop level. There are collinear divergences in the calculation involving chirality-even- and chirality-odd twist operators. We find that all collinear divergences can be correctly subtracted so that the final results are finite.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2018)·12 citations
7. 07*

   The $\mu -\tau$ reflection symmetry of Dirac neutrinos and its breaking effect via quantum corrections

   Zhi-zhong Xing🇨🇳 · Di Zhang🇨🇳 · Jing-yu Zhu🇨🇳

   Given the Dirac neutrino mass term, we explore the constraint conditions which allow the corresponding mass matrix to be invariant under the \mu-\tau reflection transformation, leading us to the phenomenologically favored predictions \theta_{23} = \pi/4 and \delta = 3\pi/2 in the standard parametrization of the 3\times 3 lepton flavor mixing matrix. If such a flavor symmetry is realized at a superhigh energy scale \Lambda_{\mu\tau}, we investigate how it is spontaneously broken via the one-loop renormalization-group equations (RGEs) running from \Lambda_{\mu\tau} down to the Fermi scale \Lambda_{\rm F}. Such quantum corrections to the neutrino masses and flavor mixing parameters are derived, and an analytical link is established between the Jarlskog invariants of CP violation at \Lambda_{\mu\tau} and \Lambda_{\rm F}. Some numerical examples are also presented in both the minimal supersymmetric standard model and the type-II two-Higgs-doublet model, to illustrate how the octant of \theta_{23}, the quadrant of \delta and the neutrino mass ordering are correlated with one another as a result of the RGE-induced \mu-\tau reflection symmetry breaking effects.

   hep-phJHEP(2017)·27 citations
8. 08*

   Enhanced electromagnetic correction to the rare $B$-meson decay $B_{s,d}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$

   Martin Beneke🇩🇪 · Christoph Bobeth🇩🇪 · Robert Szafron🇩🇪

   We investigate electromagnetic corrections to the rare $B$-meson leptonic decay $B_{s,d}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ from scales below the bottom-quark mass $m_b$. Contrary to QCD effects, which are entirely contained in the $B$-meson decay constant, we find that virtual photon exchange can probe the $B$-meson structure, resulting in a "non-local annihilation" effect. We find that this effect gives rise to a dynamical enhancement by a power of $m_b/{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ and by large logarithms. The impact of this novel effect on the branching ratio of $B_{s,d}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ is about $1\%$, of the order of the previously estimated non-parametric theoretical uncertainty, and four times the size of previous estimates of next-to-leading order QED effects due to residual scale dependence. We update the Standard Model prediction to $\overline{\mathcal{B}}(B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{)}_{\mathrm{SM}}=(3.57\pm 0.17)\cdot 10^{-9}$.

   hep-phPRL(2018)·136 citations
9. 09*

   Exploring GPDs through the photoproduction of a $\gamma \rho$ pair

   R. Boussarie🇵🇱 · B. Pire🇫🇷 · L. Szymanowski🇵🇱 · S. Wallon🇫🇷

   We describe the process $\gamma N\to \gamma \rho N^{\prime }$ in the generalized Bjorken regime where the $\gamma \rho$ pair has a large invariant mass. In the collinear QCD factorization framework, the amplitude gives access to both chiral-even and chiral-odd quark generalized parton distributions (GPDs), and is insensitive to gluon GPDs. The separation of longitudinally and transversely polarized $\rho$ meson production allows to distinguish chiral-even and chiral-odd contributions. Production rates are estimated in the kinematics of the near-future JLab~12-GeV experiments.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPoS(2018)·3 citations
10. 10*

    Neutrino mixing, interval matrices and singular values

    K. Bielas🇵🇱 · W. Flieger🇵🇱 · J. Gluza🇵🇱 · M. Gluza🇩🇪

    We study the properties of singular values of mixing matrices embedded within an experimentally determined interval matrix. We argue that any physically admissible mixing matrix needs to have the property of being a contraction. This condition constrains the interval matrix, by imposing correlations on its elements and leaving behind only physical mixings that may unveil signs of new physics in terms of extra neutrino species. We propose a description of the admissible three-dimensional mixing space as a convex hull over experimentally determined unitary mixing matrices parametrized by Euler angles which allows us to select either unitary or nonunitary mixing matrices. The unitarity-breaking cases are found through singular values and we construct unitary extensions yielding a complete theory of minimal dimensionality larger than three through the theory of unitary matrix dilations. We discuss further applications to the quark sector.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thPRD(2018)·15 citations
11. 11*

    Theoretical aspects of the study of top quark properties

    Cen Zhang🇨🇳

    We review some recent theoretical progresses towards the determination of the top-quark couplings beyond the standard model. We briefly introduce the global effective field theory approach to the top-quark production and decay processes, and discuss the most useful observables to constrain the deviations. Recent improvements with a focus on QCD corrections and corresponding tools are also discussed.

    hep-ph2 citations
12. 12*

    Coulomb corrections to inclusive cross sections at the future Electron - Ion Collider

    V.P. Goncalves🇧🇷 · M.V.T Machado🇧🇷 · F.S. Navarra🇧🇷 · D. Spiering🇧🇷

    The experimental results of the future electron -- ion ($eA$) collider are expected to constrain the dynamics of the strong interactions at small values of the Bjorken -- $x$ variable and large nuclei. Recently it has been suggested that Coulomb corrections can be important in inclusive and diffractive $eA$ interactions. In this paper we present a detailed investigation of the impact of the Coulomb corrections to some of the observables that will be measured in the future $eA$ collider. In particular, we estimate the magnitude of these corrections for the charm and longitudinal cross sections in inclusive and diffractive interactions. Our results demonstrate that the Coulomb corrections for these observables are negligible, which implies that they can be used to probe the QCD dynamics.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2018)·5 citations
13. 13*

    Comment on "Nucleon spin-averaged forward virtual Compton tensor at large Q^2"

    Michael C. Birse🇬🇧 · Judith A. McGovern (Manchester)🇬🇧

    In recent work, Hill and Paz apply the operator product expansion to forward doubly virtual Compton scattering. The resulting large-$Q^2$ form of the amplitude $W_1(0,Q^2)$ is compatible with the one we obtain by extrapolation of low-$Q^2$ results from a chiral effective field theory, providing support for our approach. That paper also presents a result for the two-photon contribution to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen that has a much larger uncertainty than in previous work. We show that this an overestimate arising from the inclusion of the proton pole term in the subtracted dispersion relation for $W_1$.

    hep-phnucl-thphysics.atom-phPRD(2018)·3 citations
14. 14*

    Solving the Bars-Green equation for moving mesons in two-dimensional QCD

    Yu Jia🇨🇳 · Shuangran Liang🇦🇺 · LiuJi Li🇨🇳 · Xiaonu Xiong🇩🇪

    The two-dimensional QCD in the large $N$ limit, generally referred to as the 't Hooft model, is numerically investigated in the axial gauge in a comprehensive manner. The corresponding Bethe-Salpeter equation for a bound $q\bar{q}$ pair, originally derived by Bars and Green in 1978, was first numerically tackled by Li and collaborators in late 1980s, yet only for the {\it stationary} mesons. In this paper, we make further progress by numerically solving the Bars-Green equation for {\it moving} mesons, ranging from the chiral pion to charmonium. By choosing several different quark masses, we computed the corresponding quark condensates, meson spectra and their decay constants for a variety of meson momenta, and found satisfactory agreement with their counterparts obtained using light-cone gauge, thus numerically verified the gauge and Poincaré invariance of the 't Hooft model. Moreover, we have explicitly confirmed that, as the meson gets more and more boosted, the large component of the Bars-Green wave function indeed approaches the corresponding 't Hooft light-cone wave function, while the small component of the wave function rapidly fades away.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2017)·44 citations
15. 15*

    FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC

    Jonathan L. Feng🇺🇸 · Iftah Galon🇺🇸 · Felix Kling🇺🇸 · Sebastian Trojanowski🇺🇸

    New physics has traditionally been expected in the high-$p_T$ region at high-energy collider experiments. If new particles are light and weakly-coupled, however, this focus may be completely misguided: light particles are typically highly concentrated within a few mrad of the beam line, allowing sensitive searches with small detectors, and even extremely weakly-coupled particles may be produced in large numbers there. We propose a new experiment, ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, or FASER, which would be placed downstream of the ATLAS or CMS interaction point (IP) in the very forward region and operated concurrently there. Two representative on-axis locations are studied: a far location, $400\text{m}$ from the IP and just off the beam tunnel, and a near location, just $150\text{m}$ from the IP and right behind the TAN neutral particle absorber. For each location, we examine leading neutrino- and beam-induced backgrounds. As a concrete example of light, weakly-coupled particles, we consider dark photons produced through light meson decay and proton bremsstrahlung. We find that even a relatively small and inexpensive cylindrical detector, with a radius of $\sim 10\text{cm}$ and length of $5-10\text{m}$, depending on the location, can discover dark photons in a large and unprobed region of parameter space with dark photon mass $m_{A^{\prime }}\sim 10\text{MeV}-1\text{GeV}$ and kinetic mixing parameter $ϵ\sim 10^{-7}-10^{-3}$. FASER will clearly also be sensitive to many other forms of new physics. We conclude with a discussion of topics for further study that will be essential for understanding FASER's feasibility, optimizing its design, and realizing its discovery potential.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.acc-phphysics.ins-detPRD(2018)·521 citations
16. 16*

    Neutrinoless double beta decay in chiral effective field theory: lepton number violation at dimension seven

    V. Cirigliano🇺🇸 · W. Dekens🇺🇸 · J. de Vries🇳🇱 · M. L. Graesser🇺🇸 · E. Mereghetti🇺🇸

    We analyze neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Apart from the dimension-five Weinberg operator, the first contributions appear at dimension seven. We classify the operators and evolve them to the electroweak scale, where we match them to effective dimension-six, -seven, and -nine operators. In the next step, after renormalization group evolution to the QCD scale, we construct the chiral Lagrangian arising from these operators. We develop a power-counting scheme and derive the two-nucleon $0\nu \beta \beta$ currents up to leading order in the power counting for each lepton-number-violating operator. We argue that the leading-order contribution to the decay rate depends on a relatively small number of nuclear matrix elements. We test our power counting by comparing nuclear matrix elements obtained by various methods and by different groups. We find that the power counting works well for nuclear matrix elements calculated from a specific method, while, as in the case of light Majorana neutrino exchange, the overall magnitude of the matrix elements can differ by factors of two to three between methods. We calculate the constraints that can be set on dimension-seven lepton-number-violating operators from $0\nu \beta \beta$ experiments and study the interplay between dimension-five and -seven operators, discussing how dimension-seven contributions affect the interpretation of $0\nu \beta \beta$ in terms of the effective Majorana mass $m_{\beta \beta }$.

    hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2017)·144 citations
17. 17*

    Searching for Long-lived Particles: A Compact Detector for Exotics at LHCb

    Vladimir V. Gligorov🇫🇷 · Simon Knapen🇺🇸 · Michele Papucci🇺🇸 · Dean J. Robinson🇺🇸

    We advocate for the construction of a new detector element at the LHCb experiment, designed to search for displaced decays of beyond standard model long-lived particles, taking advantage of a large shielded space in the LHCb cavern that is expected to soon become available. We discuss the general features and putative capabilities of such an experiment, as well as its various advantages and complementarities with respect to the existing LHC experiments and proposals such as SHiP and MATHUSLA. For two well-motivated beyond Standard Model benchmark scenarios -- Higgs decay to dark photons and $B$ meson decays via a Higgs mixing portal -- the reach either complements or exceeds that predicted for other LHC experiments.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2018)·338 citations
18. 18*

    Effective holographic models for QCD: glueball spectrum and trace anomaly

    Alfonso Ballon-Bayona🇧🇷 · Henrique Boschi-Filho🇧🇷 · Luis A. H. Mamani🇧🇷 · Alex S. Miranda🇧🇷 · Vilson T. Zanchin🇧🇷

    We investigate effective holographic models for QCD arising from five dimensional Dilaton-Gravity. The models are characterized by a dilaton with a mass term in the UV, dual to a CFT deformation by a relevant operator, and quadratic in the IR. The UV constraint leads to the explicit breaking of conformal symmetry whereas the IR constraint guarantees linear confinement. We propose semi-analytic interpolations between the UV and the IR and obtain a spectrum for scalar and tensor glueballs consistent with lattice QCD data. We use the glueball spectrum as a physical constraint to find the evolution of the model parameters as the mass term goes to zero. Finally, we reproduce the universal result for the trace anomaly of deformed CFTs and propose a dictionary between this result and the QCD trace anomaly. A nontrivial consequence of this dictionary is the emergence of a $\beta$ function similar to the two-loop perturbative QCD result.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2018)·53 citations
19. 19*

    A confinement criterion for gauge theories with matter fields

    Jeff Greensite🇺🇸 · Kazue Matsuyama🇺🇸

    A generalization of the Wilson loop area-law criterion is proposed, which is applicable to gauge theories with matter in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. This new criterion, like the area law, is stronger than the statement that asymptotic particle states are massive color singlets, which holds even for theories described by the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPRD(2017)·43 citations
20. 20*

    Propagation of self-localised Q-ball solitons in the ${}^3$He universe

    S. Autti🇫🇮 · P.J. Heikkinen🇫🇮 · G.E. Volovik🇫🇮 · V.V. Zavjalov🇫🇮 · V.B. Eltsov🇫🇮

    In relativistic quantum field theories, compact objects of interacting bosons can become stable owing to conservation of an additive quantum number $Q$. Discovering such $Q$-balls propagating in the Universe would confirm supersymmetric extensions of the standard model and may shed light on the mysteries of dark matter, but no unambiguous experimental evidence exists. We report observation of a propagating long-lived $Q$-ball in superfluid ${}^3$He, where the role of $Q$-ball is played by a Bose-Einstein condensate of magnon quasiparticles. We achieve accurate representation of the $Q$-ball Hamiltonian using the influence of the number of magnons, corresponding to the charge $Q$, on the orbital structure of the superfluid ${}^3$He order parameter. This realisation supports multiple coexisting $Q$-balls which in future allows studies of $Q$-ball dynamics, interactions, and collisions.

    ↳ cond-mat.othergr-qchep-phPRB(2018)·13 citations
21. 21*

    Hyperon Form Factors & Diquark Correlations

    S. Dobbs🇺🇸 · Kamal K. Seth🇺🇸 · A. Tomaradze🇺🇸 · T. Xiao🇺🇸 · G. Bonvicini🇺🇸

    Using $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation data taken at the CESR collider with the CLEO-c detector, measurements of hyperon pair production cross sections and elastic and transition electromagnetic form factors have been made at the charmonium resonances: $\psi (2S)$, $\sqrt{s}=3.69$ GeV, $|Q^2|=13.6$ GeV${}^2$, $\mathcal{L}=48$~pb${}^{-1}$; $\psi (3770)$, $\sqrt{s}=3.77$ GeV, $|Q^2|=14.2$ GeV${}^2$, $\mathcal{L}=805$~pb${}^{-1}$; and $\psi (4170)$, $\sqrt{s}=4.17$ GeV, $|Q^2|=17.4$ GeV${}^2$, $\mathcal{L}=586$~pb${}^{-1}$. %High efficiency particle identification has resulted in good statistical precision in the results. Results with good statistical precision are obtained with high efficiency particle identification. Systematics of pair production cross sections, and form factors with respect to the number of strange quarks in the hyperons are studied, and evidence is presented for effects of diquark correlations in comparative results for ${\Lambda }^0$ and ${\Sigma }^0$, both of which have the same $uds$ quark content.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2017)·78 citations
22. 22*

    A Search for Dark Matter Annihilation in Galaxy Groups

    Mariangela Lisanti🇺🇸 · Siddharth Mishra-Sharma🇺🇸 · Nicholas L. Rodd🇺🇸 · Benjamin R. Safdi🇺🇸

    We use 413 weeks of publicly-available $\text{Fermi}$ Pass 8 gamma-ray data, combined with recently-developed galaxy group catalogs, to search for evidence of dark matter annihilation in extragalactic halos. In our study, we use luminosity-based mass estimates and mass-to-concentration relations to infer the $J$-factors and associated uncertainties for hundreds of galaxy groups within a redshift range $z\lesssim 0.03$. We employ a conservative substructure boost-factor model, which only enhances the sensitivity by an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ factor. No significant evidence for dark matter annihilation is found and we exclude thermal relic cross sections for dark matter masses below $\sim$30 GeV to 95% confidence in the $b\bar{b}$ annihilation channel. These bounds are comparable to those from Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies. The results of our analysis increase the tension, but do not rule out, the dark matter interpretation of the Galactic Center excess. We provide a catalog of the galaxy groups used in this study and their inferred properties, which can be broadly applied to searches for extragalactic dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phPRL(2018)·87 citations
23. 23*

    Schwinger effect for non-Abelian gauge bosons

    Michael Ragsdale🇺🇸 · Douglas Singleton🇺🇸

    We investigate the Schwinger effect for the gauge bosons in an unbroken non-Abelian gauge theory (e.g. the gluons of QCD). We consider both constant "color electric" fields and "color magnetic" fields as backgrounds. As in the Abelian Schwinger effect we find there is production of "gluons" for the color electric field, but no particle production for the color magnetic field case. Since the non-Abelian gauge bosons are massless there is no exponential suppression of particle production due to the mass of the electron/positron that one finds in the Abelian Schwinger effect. Despite the lack of an exponential suppression of the gluon production rate due to the masslessness of the gluons, we find that the critical field strength is even larger in the non-Abelian case as compared to the Abelian case. This is the result of the confinement phenomenon on QCD.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPhys.Sci.Tech.(2018)·7 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.