Fri·May 6, 2016Friday·May 6, 2016

1. 01*

   Vector and Axial-vector resonances in composite models of the Higgs boson

   Diogo Buarque Franzosi🇩🇪 · Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Haiying Cai🇫🇷 · Aldo Deandrea🇫🇷 · Mads Frandsen🇩🇰

   We provide a non-linear realisation of composite Higgs models in the context of the SU(4)/Sp(4) symmetry breaking pattern, where the effective Lagrangian of the spin-0 and spin-1 resonances is constructed via the CCWZ prescription using the Hidden Symmetry formalism. We investigate the EWPT constraints by accounting the effects from reduced Higgs couplings and integrating out heavy spin-1 resonances. This theory emerges from an underlying theory of gauge interactions with fermions, thus first principle lattice results predict the massive spectrum in composite Higgs models. This model can be used as a template for the phenomenology of composite Higgs models at the LHC and at future 100 TeV colliders, as well as for other application. In this work, we focus on the formalism for spin-1 resonances and their bounds from di-lepton and di-boson searches at the LHC.

   hep-phJHEP(2016)·54 citations
2. 02*

   Monodromy Dark Matter

   Joerg Jaeckel🇩🇪 · Viraf M. Mehta🇩🇪 · Lukas T. Witkowski🇩🇪

   Light pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) such as, e.g.~axion-like particles, that are non-thermally produced via the misalignment mechanism are promising dark matter candidates. An important feature of pNGBs is their periodic potential, whose scale of periodicity controls all their couplings. As a consequence of the periodicity the maximal potential energy is limited and, hence, producing the observed dark matter density poses significant constraints on the allowed masses and couplings. In the presence of a monodromy, the field range as well as the range of the potential can be significantly extended. As we argue in this paper this has important phenomenological consequences. The constraints on the masses and couplings are ameliorated and couplings to Standard Model particles could be significantly stronger, thereby opening up considerable experimental opportunities. Yet, monodromy models can also give rise to new and qualitatively different features. As a remnant of the periodicity the potential can feature pronounced wiggles. When the field is passing through them quantum fluctuations are enhanced and particles with non-vanishing momentum are produced. Here, we perform a first analysis of this effect and delineate under which circumstances this becomes important. We discuss possible cosmological consequences.

   hep-phhep-thJCAP(2017)·59 citations
3. 03*

   Two loop correction to interference in $gg\to ZZ$

   John M. Campbell🇺🇸 · R. Keith Ellis🇬🇧 · Michal Czakon🇩🇪 · Sebastian Kirchner🇩🇪

   We present results for the production of a pair of on-shell Z bosons via gluon fusion. This process occurs both through the production and decay of the Higgs boson, and through continuum production where the Z boson couples to a loop of massless quarks or to a massive quark. We calculate the interference of the two processes and its contribution to the cross section up to and including order O(alpha_s^3). The two-loop contributions to the amplitude are all known analytically, except for the continuum production through loops of top quarks of mass m. The latter contribution is important for the invariant mass of the two Z bosons, (as measured by the mass of their leptonic decay products, m_4l), in a regime where m_4l > 2m because of the contributions of longitudinal bosons. We examine all the contributions to the virtual amplitude involving top quarks, as expansions about the heavy top quark limit. Comparison with the analytic results, where known, allows us to assess the validity of the heavy quark expansion, and it extensions. We give results for the NLO corrections to this interference, including both real and virtual radiation.

   hep-phJHEP(2016)·85 citations
4. 04*

   Heavy ions at the Future Circular Collider

   A. Dainese🇮🇹 · U.A. Wiedemann (editors)🇨🇭 · N. Armesto🇪🇸 · D. d'Enterria🇨🇭 · J.M. Jowett🇨🇭 · J.-P. Lansberg🇫🇷 · J.G. Milhano🇨🇭 · C.A. Salgado🇪🇸 · M. Schaumann🇨🇭 · M. van Leeuwen (section editors)🇳🇱 · J.L. Albacete🇪🇸 · A. Andronic🇩🇪 and 51 other authors

   The Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study is aimed at assessing the physics potential and the technical feasibility of a new collider with centre-of-mass energies, in the hadron-hadron collision mode, seven times larger than the nominal LHC energies. Operating such machine with heavy ions is an option that is being considered in the accelerator design studies. It would provide, for example, Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 39 and 63 TeV, respectively, per nucleon-nucleon collision, with integrated luminosities above 30 nb^-1 per month for Pb-Pb. This is a report by the working group on heavy-ion physics of the FCC Study. First ideas on the physics opportunities with heavy ions at the FCC are presented, covering the physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, of gluon saturation, of photon-induced collisions, as well as connections with other fields of high-energy physics.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thCERN Yellow Rep.(2017)·92 citations
5. 05*

   Maximal Sfermion Flavor Violation in Super-GUTs

   John Ellis (1 and 2)🇬🇧 · Keith Olive (3)🇺🇸 · Liliana Velasco-Sevilla (4) ((1) King's Coll. London, (2) CERN, (3) Minnesota U., Theor. Phys. Inst., (4) University of Bergen, DPT)🇳🇴

   We consider supersymmetric grand unified theories with soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar masses $m_0$ specified above the GUT scale (super-GUTs) and patterns of Yukawa couplings motivated by upper limits on flavour-changing interactions beyond the Standard Model. If the scalar masses are smaller than the gaugino masses $m_{1/2}$, as is expected in no-scale models, the dominant effects of renormalization between the input scale and the GUT scale are generally expected to be those due to the gauge couplings, which are proportional to $m_{1/2}$ and generation-independent. In this case, the input scalar masses $m_0$ may violate flavour maximally, a scenario we call MaxSFV, and there is no supersymmetric flavour problem. We illustrate this possibility within various specific super-GUT scenarios that are deformations of no-scale gravity.

   hep-phEPJC(2016)·10 citations
6. 06*

   On the Charm Contribution to the Atmospheric Neutrino Flux

   Francis Halzen🇺🇸 · Logan Wille🇺🇸

   We revisit the estimate of the charm particle contribution to the atmospheric neutrino flux that is expected to dominate at high energies because long-lived high-energy pions and kaons interact in the atmosphere before decaying into neutrinos. We focus on the production of forward charm particles which carry a large fraction of the momentum of the incident proton. In the case of strange particles, such a component is familiar from the abundant production of $K^{+}\Lambda$ pairs. These forward charm particles can dominate the high-energy atmospheric neutrino flux in underground experiments. Modern collider experiments have no coverage in the very large rapidity region where charm forward pair production dominates. Using archival accelerator data as well as IceCube measurements of atmospheric electron and muon neutrino fluxes, we obtain an upper limit on forward ${\bar{D}}^0{\Lambda }_c$ pair production and on the associated flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos. We conclude that the prompt flux may dominate the much-studied central component and represent a significant contribution to the TeV atmospheric neutrino flux. Importantly, it cannot accommodate the PeV flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos, nor the excess of events observed by IceCube in the 30--200 TeV energy range indicating either structure in the flux of cosmic accelerators, or a presence of more than one component in the cosmic flux observed.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2016)·48 citations
7. 07*

   Anomaly-induced dynamical refringence in strong-field QED

   Niklas Mueller🇩🇪 · Florian Hebenstreit🇨🇭 · Jürgen Berges🇩🇪

   We investigate the impact of the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly on the nonequilibrium evolution of strong-field quantum electrodynamics (QED) using real-time lattice gauge theory techniques. For field strengths exceeding the Schwinger limit for pair production, we encounter a highly absorptive medium with anomaly-induced dynamical refractive properties. In contrast to earlier expectations based on equilibrium properties, where net anomalous effects vanish because of the trivial vacuum structure, we find that out-of-equilibrium conditions can have dramatic consequences for the presence of quantum currents with distinctive macroscopic signatures. We observe an intriguing tracking behavior, where the system spends longest times near collinear field configurations with maximum anomalous current. Apart from the potential relevance of our findings for future laser experiments, similar phenomena related to the chiral magnetic effect are expected to play an important role for strong QED fields during initial stages of heavy-ion collision experiments.

   hep-phhep-latPRL(2016)·26 citations
8. 08*

   Dissecting Jets and Missing Energy Searches Using $n$-body Extended Simplified Models

   Timothy Cohen🇺🇸 · Matthew J. Dolan🇦🇺 · Sonia El Hedri🇩🇪 · James Hirschauer🇺🇸 · Nhan Tran🇺🇸 · Andrew Whitbeck🇺🇸

   Simplified Models are a useful way to characterize new physics scenarios for the LHC. Particle decays are often represented using non-renormalizable operators that involve the minimal number of fields required by symmetries. Generalizing to a wider class of decay operators allows one to model a variety of final states. This approach, which we dub the $n$-body extension of Simplified Models, provides a unifying treatment of the signal phase space resulting from a variety of signals. In this paper, we present the first application of this framework in the context of multijet plus missing energy searches. The main result of this work is a global performance study with the goal of identifying which set of observables yields the best discriminating power against the largest Standard Model backgrounds for a wide range of signal jet multiplicities. Our analysis compares combinations of one, two and three variables, placing emphasis on the enhanced sensitivity gain resulting from non-trivial correlations. Utilizing boosted decision trees, we compare and classify the performance of missing energy, energy scale and energy structure observables. We demonstrate that including an observable from each of these three classes is required to achieve optimal performance. This work additionally serves to establish the utility of $n$-body extended Simplified Models as a diagnostic for unpacking the relative merits of different search strategies, thereby motivating their application to new physics signatures beyond jets and missing energy.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2016)·10 citations
9. 09*

   Relating spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking in the presence of the Higgs mechanism

   Leonardo Pedro🇵🇹

   One common way to define spontaneous symmetry breaking involves explicit symmetry breaking. This definition can be used in any approach to Effective Field Theory, from perturbation theory to lattice simulations. It allows us to study the spontaneous breakdown of global symmetries without assuming that the local gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken. This is important since perturbation theory is insufficient to study extended Higgs sectors: it is insufficient to predict the physical spectrum of the SU(5) Grand Unified Theory (Georgi-Glashow) or to predict the spontaneous breakdown of global symmetries. We also study background symmetries: these are symmetries that despite they are already explicitly broken, can be still spontaneously broken. We analyse examples where a background CP (charge-parity) symmetry is not spontaneously broken: in the Standard Model, in rephasing symmetries and in geometrical CP-violation. We show that all fields are real representations of the group of symmetries, since CP is a unitary transformation. There are consequences: to study accidental symmetries (e.g. custodial symmetry, pseudo-golstone bosons) we must consider real representations; CP is a symmetry of order 4 if the neutrinos are Majorana particles and the notion of CP-violating phases is inconsistent in some Lagrangians; a recent claim that a toy model exhibits physical CP-violation while the CP symmetry is conserved by the Lagrangian and the vacuum is false.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    Propagation of Light in a Hot and Dense Medium

    Samina Masood🇺🇸

    Photons, as quanta of electromagnetic fields, determine the electromagnetic properties of an extremely hot and dense medium. Considering the properties of photons in the interacting medium of charged particles, we explicitly calculate the electromagnetic properties such as the electric permittivity, magnetic permeability, refractive index and the propagation speed of electromagnetic signals in extremely hot and dense background in cosmos. Photons acquire dynamically generated mass in a medium. The screening mass of photon, Debye shielding length and the plasma frequency are calculated as functions of statistical parameters of the medium. We study the properties of the propagating particles in astrophysical systems of distinct statistical conditions. The modifications in the medium properties lead to the equation of state of the system. We mainly calculate all these parameters for extremely high temperatures of the early universe.

    hep-phEPJC(2017)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Lectures on Bound states

    Paul Hoyer🇫🇮

    Even a first approximation of bound states requires contributions of all powers in the coupling. This means that the concept of "lowest order bound state" needs to be defined. In these lectures I discuss the "Born" (no loop, lowest order in $\hslash$) approximation. Born level states are bound by gauge fields which satisfy the classical field equations. As a check of the method, Positronium states of any momentum are determined as eigenstates of the QED Hamiltonian, quantized at equal time. Analogously, states bound by a strong external field $A^{\mu }(\mathbf{x})$ are found as eigenstates of the Dirac Hamiltonian. Their Fock states have dynamically created $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pairs, whose distribution is determined by the Dirac wave function. The linear potential of $D=1+1$ dimensions confines electrons but repels positrons. As a result, the mass spectrum is continuous and the wave functions have features of both bound states and plane waves. The classical solutions of Gauss' law are explored for hadrons in QCD. A non-vanishing boundary condition at spatial infinity generates a constant \order{\alpha_s^0} color electric field between quarks of specific colors. Poincaré invariance limits the spectrum to color singlet $q\bar{q}$ and $qqq$ states, which do not generate an external color field. This restricts the \order{\alpha_s^0} interactions between hadrons to string breaking dynamics as in dual diagrams. Light mesons lie on linear Regge and parallel daughter trajectories. There are massless states which may be significant for chiral symmetry breaking. Since the bound states are defined at equal time in all frames they have a non-trivial Lorentz covariance.

    hep-phnucl-th16 citations
12. 12*

    Study of nonleptonic $B_q^{\ast }$ $\to$ $D_{q}V$ and $P_q{D}^{\ast }$ weak decays

    Qin Chang🇨🇳 · Xiaohui Hu🇨🇳 · Junfeng Sun🇨🇳 · Xiaolin Wang🇨🇳 · Yueling Yang🇨🇳

    Motivated by the powerful capability of measurement for the $b$-flavored hadron rare decays at LHC and SuperKEKB/Belle-II, the nonleptonic ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ $\to$ $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, $D{\rho }^{-}$, $D{K}^{\ast -}$, $\pi D^{\ast }$ and $K{D}^{\ast }$ weak decays are studied in detail. With the amplitudes calculated with factorization approach and the form factors of $B^{\ast }$ transition into pseudoscalar meson evaluated with the BSW model, branching fractions and polarization fractions are firstly presented. Numerically, the CKM-favored ${\bar{B}}_q^{\ast }$ $\to$ $D_q{D}_s^{\ast -}$ and $D_q{\rho }^{-}$ decays have large branching fractions, $\sim$ $10^{-8}$, which should be sought for with priority and firstly observed by LHC and Belle-II experiments. The ${\bar{B}}_q^{\ast }$ $\to$ $D_q{K}^{\ast }$ and $D_q\rho$ decays are dominated by the longitudinal polarization states. While, the parallel polarization fractions of ${\bar{B}}_q^{\ast }$ $\to$ $D_q{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ decays are comparable with the longitudinal ones, numerically, $f_{\parallel }$ $+$ $f_L$ $\simeq$ 95\% and $f_L:f_{\parallel }$ $\simeq$ $5:4$. Some comparisons between ${\bar{B}}_q^{\ast 0}$ $\to$ $D_{q}V$ and their corresponding ${\bar{B}}_q^0$ $\to$ $D_q^{\ast }V$ decays are performed, and the relation $f_{L,\parallel }({\bar{B}}^{\ast 0}\to DV)\simeq f_{L,\parallel }({\bar{B}}^0\to D^{\ast +}{V}^{-})$ is presented. Besides, with the implication of $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry, some useful ratios $R_{\mathrm{du}}$ and $R_{\mathrm{ds}}$ are discussed in detail, and suggested to be verified experimentally.

    hep-phhep-exAdv.High Energy Phys.(2015)·9 citations
13. 13*

    Study of Nonleptonic $B_{(s)}^{\ast }\to M_1{M}_2$ $(M=D$, $D_s$, $\pi$, $K)$ Weak Decays with Factorization Approach

    Qin Chang🇨🇳 · Pan-Pan Li🇨🇳 · Xiao-Hui Hu🇨🇳 · Lin Han🇨🇳

    Motivated by the experiments of heavy flavor physics at running LHC and upgrading SuperKEKB/Belle-II in the future, the nonleptonic $B_{(s)}^{\ast }\to M_1{M}_2$ $(M=D$, $D_s$, $\pi$, $K)$ weak decays are studied in this paper. The amplitudes are calculated with factorization approach, and the transition form factors $A_0^{B_{(s)}^{\ast }\to M_1}(0)$ are evaluated within BSW model. With the reasonable approximation ${\Gamma }_{tot}(B_{(s)}^{\ast })\simeq \Gamma (B_{(s)}^{\ast }\to B_{(s)}\gamma )$, our predictions of branching fractions are presented. Numerically, the CKM-favored tree-dominated ${\bar{B}}^{\ast 0}\to D^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ and ${\bar{B}}_s^{\ast 0}\to D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ decays have the largest branching fractions of the order $\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-8})$, and hence will be firstly observed by forthcoming Belle-II experiment. However, most of the other decay modes have the branching fractions~$<\mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$ and thus are hardly to be observed soon. Besides, for the possible detectable $B_{(s)}^{\ast }$ decays with branching fractions $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$, some useful ratios, such as $R_D$ {\it et al.,} are presented and discussed in detail.

    hep-phhep-exInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2015)·10 citations
14. 14*

    ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to D_{d,s}^{\ast }V$ and ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}^{\ast }\to D_{d,s}V$ decays within QCD Factorization and Possible Puzzles

    Qin Chang🇨🇳 · Ling-Xin Chen🇨🇳 · Yun-Yun Zhang🇨🇳 · Jun-Feng Sun🇨🇳 · Yue-Ling Yang🇨🇳

    Motivated by the rapid development of heavy-flavor experiments, phenomenological studies of nonleptonic ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to D_{d,s}^{\ast }V$ and ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}^{\ast }\to D_{d,s}V$~($V=\rho ,K^{\ast }$) decays are performed within the framework of QCD Factorization. Relative to previous works, the QCD corrections to the transverse amplitudes are evaluated at next-to-leading order. The theoretical predictions of the observables are updated. For the measured ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to D_{d,s}^{\ast }V$ decays, two tensions between theoretical results and experimental measurements, {\it i.e.} "$R_{ds}^V$ puzzle" and "$D^{\ast }V$~(or $R_{V/\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }}$) puzzle", are presented after detailed analyses. For the ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}^{\ast }\to D_{d,s}V$ decays, they have relatively large branching fractions of the order $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$ and are in the scope of Belle-II and LHCb experiments. Moreover, they also provide a way to crosscheck the above-mentioned possible puzzles through the similar ratios $R_{ds}^{\prime V}$ and $R_{V/\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }}^{\prime }$. More refined experimental measurements and theoretical efforts are required to confirm or refute such two anomalies.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2016)·17 citations
15. 15*

    Hunting for exotic doubly hidden-charm/bottom tetraquark states

    Wei Chen🇨🇦 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳 · T. G. Steele🇨🇦 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

    We develop a moment QCD sum rule method augmented by fundamental inequalities to study the existence of exotic doubly hidden-charm/bottom tetraquark states made of four heavy quarks. Using the compact diquark-antidiquark configuration, we calculate the mass spectra of these tetraquark states. There are 18 hidden-charm $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$ tetraquark currents with $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $0^{-+}$, $0^{--}$, $1^{++}$, $1^{+-}$, $1^{-+}$, $1^{--}$, and $2^{++}$. We use them to perform QCD sum rule analyses, and the obtained masses are all higher than the spontaneous dissociation thresholds of two charmonium mesons, which are thus their dominant decay modes. The masses of the corresponding hidden-bottom $bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$ tetraquarks are all below or very close to the thresholds of the ${\rm Y}(1S){\rm Y}(1S)$ and ${\eta }_b(1S){\eta }_b(1S)$, except one current of $J^{PC}=0^{++}$. Hence, we suggest to search for the doubly hidden-charm states in the $J/\psi J/\psi$ and ${\eta }_c(1S){\eta }_c(1S)$ channels.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPLB(2017)·196 citations
16. 16*

    Measuring the Leptonic CP Phase in Neutrino Oscillations with Non-Unitary Mixing

    Shao-Feng Ge🇩🇪 · Pedro Pasquini🇧🇷 · M. Tortola🇪🇸 · J. W. F. Valle🇪🇸

    Non-unitary neutrino mixing implies an extra CP violating phase that can fake the leptonic Dirac CP phase ${\delta }_{CP}$ of the simplest three-neutrino mixing benchmark scheme. This would hinder the possibility of probing for CP violation in accelerator-type experiments. We take T2K and T2HK as examples to demonstrate the degeneracy between the "standard" (or "unitary") and "non-unitary" CP phases. We find, under the assumption of non-unitary mixing, that their CP sensitivities severely deteriorate. Fortunately, the TNT2K proposal of supplementing T2(H)K with a $\mu$DAR source for better measurement of ${\delta }_{CP}$ can partially break the CP degeneracy by probing both $\cos {\delta }_{CP}$ and $\sin {\delta }_{CP}$ dependences in the wide spectrum of the $\mu$DAR flux. We also show that the further addition of a near detector to the $\mu$DAR setup can eliminate the degeneracy completely.

    hep-phPRD(2017)·74 citations
17. 17*

    Gravitational waves from bubble collisions: analytic derivation

    Ryusuke Jinno🇯🇵 · Masahiro Takimoto🇯🇵

    We consider gravitational wave production by bubble collisions during a cosmological first-order phase transition. In the literature, such spectra have been estimated by simulating the bubble dynamics, under so-called thin-wall and envelope approximations in a flat background metric. However, we show that, within these assumptions, the gravitational wave spectrum can be estimated in an analytic way. Our estimation is based on the observation that the two-point correlator of the energy-momentum tensor $⟨T(x)T(y)⟩$ can be expressed analytically under these assumptions. Though the final expressions for the spectrum contain a few integrations that cannot be calculated explicitly, we can easily estimate it numerically. As a result, it is found that the most of the contributions to the spectrum come from single-bubble contribution to the correlator, and in addition the fall-off of the spectrum at high frequencies is found to be proportional to $f^{-1}$. We also provide fitting formulae for the spectrum.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2017)·287 citations
18. 18*

    Determining the progenitors of merging black-hole binaries

    Alvise Raccanelli (1) · Ely D. Kovetz (1) · Simeon Bird (1) · Ilias Cholis (1) · Julian B. Munoz (1) · ((1) Johns Hopkins University)

    We investigate a possible method for determining the progenitors of black hole (BH) mergers observed via their gravitational wave (GW) signal. We argue that measurements of the cross-correlation of the GW events with overlapping galaxy catalogs may provide an additional tool in determining if BH mergers trace the stellar mass of the Universe, as would be expected from mergers of the endpoints of stellar evolution. If on the other hand the BHs are of primordial origin, as has been recently suggested, their merging would be preferentially hosted by lower biased objects, and thus have a lower cross-correlation with luminous galaxies. Here we forecast the expected precision of the cross-correlation measurement for current and future GW detectors such as LIGO and the Einstein Telescope. We then predict how well these instruments can distinguish the model that identifies high-mass BH-BH mergers as the merger of primordial black holes that constitute the dark matter in the Universe from more traditional astrophysical sources.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2016)·112 citations
19. 19*

    Neutrinos from type Ia supernovae: the deflagration-to-detonation transition scenario

    Warren P. Wright🇺🇸 · Gautam Nagaraj🇺🇸 · James P. Kneller🇺🇸 · Kate Scholberg🇺🇸 · Ivo R. Seitenzahl🇦🇺

    It has long been recognized that the neutrinos detected from the next core-collapse supernova in the Galaxy have the potential to reveal important information about the dynamics of the explosion and the nucleosynthesis conditions as well as allowing us to probe the properties of the neutrino itself. The neutrinos emitted from thermonuclear - type Ia - supernovae also possess the same potential, although these supernovae are dimmer neutrino sources. For the first time, we calculate the time, energy, line of sight, and neutrino-flavor-dependent features of the neutrino signal expected from a three-dimensional delayed-detonation explosion simulation, where a deflagration-to-detonation transition triggers the complete disruption of a near-Chandrasekhar mass carbon-oxygen white dwarf. We also calculate the neutrino flavor evolution along eight lines of sight through the simulation as a function of time and energy using an exact three-flavor transformation code. We identify a characteristic spectral peak at $\sim 10$ MeV as a signature of electron captures on copper. This peak is a potentially distinguishing feature of explosion models since it reflects the nucleosynthesis conditions early in the explosion. We simulate the event rates in the Super-K, Hyper-K, JUNO, and DUNE neutrino detectors with the SNOwGLoBES event rate calculation software and also compute the IceCube signal. Hyper-K will be able to detect neutrinos from our model out to a distance of $\sim 10$ kpc. At 1 kpc, JUNO, Super-K, and DUNE would register a few events while IceCube and Hyper-K would register several tens of events.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phPRD(2016)·26 citations
20. 20*

    Topological Casimir effect in a quantum LC circuit: real-time dynamics

    Yuan Yao🇨🇦 · Ariel R. Zhitnitsky🇨🇦

    We study novel contributions to the partition function of the Maxwell system defined on a small compact manifold $\mathbb{M}$ with nontrivial mappings ${\pi }_1[U(1)]\cong \mathbb{Z}$. These contributions cannot be described in terms of conventional physical propagating photons with two transverse polarizations, and instead emerge as a result of tunneling transitions between topologically different but physically identical vacuum winding states.\exclude{These new terms give an extra contribution to the Casimir pressure, yet to be measured.} We argue that if the same system is considered in the background of a small external time-dependent E\&M field, then real physical photons will be emitted from the vacuum, similar to the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) where photons are radiated from the vacuum due to time-dependent boundary conditions. The fundamental technical difficulty for such an analysis is that the radiation of physical photons on mass shell is inherently a real-time Minkowskian phenomenon while the vacuum fluctuations interpolating between topological $|k⟩$ sectors rest upon a Euclidean instanton formulation. We overcome this obstacle by introducing auxiliary topological fields which allows for a simple analytical continuation between Minkowski and Euclidean descriptions, and develop a quantum mechanical technique to compute these effects. We also propose an experimental realization of such small effects using a microwave cavity with appropriate boundary conditions. Finally, we comment on the possible cosmological implications of this effect.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phquant-phPRD(2017)·7 citations
21. 21*

    Dynamical gap generation in graphene with frequency dependent renormalization effects

    M.E. Carrington🇨🇦 · C.S. Fischer🇩🇪 · L. von Smekal🇩🇪 · M.H. Thoma🇩🇪

    We study the frequency dependencies in the renormalization of the fermion Greens function for the $\pi$-band electrons in graphene and their influence on the dynamical gap generation at sufficiently strong interaction. Adopting the effective QED-like description for the low-energy excitations within the Dirac-cone region we self consistently solve the fermion Dyson-Schwinger equation in various approximations for the photon propagator and the vertex function with special emphasis on frequency dependent Lindhard screening and retardation effects.

    ↳ cond-mat.mes-hallhep-phPRB(2016)·19 citations
22. 22*

    Analysis of the 4-year IceCube high-energy starting events

    Aaron C. Vincent (Durham U., IPPP, Imperial Coll. London)🇬🇧 · Sergio Palomares-Ruiz🇪🇸 · Olga Mena (Valencia U., IFIC)🇪🇸

    After four years of data taking, the IceCube neutrino telescope has detected 54 high-energy starting events (HESE, or contained-vertex events) with deposited energies above 20TeV. They represent the first ever detection of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos and therefore, the first step in neutrino astronomy. In order to study the energy, flavor and isotropy of the astrophysical neutrino flux arriving at Earth, we perform different analyses of two different deposited energy intervals, [10 TeV $-$ 10 PeV] and [60 TeV $-$ 10 PeV]. We first consider an isotropic unbroken power-law spectrum and constrain its shape, normalization and flavor composition. Our results are in agreement with the preliminary IceCube results, although we obtain a slightly softer spectrum. We also find that current data are not sensitive to a possible neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry in the astrophysical flux. Then, we show that although a two-component power-law model leads to a slightly better fit, it does not represent a significant improvement with respect to a single power-law flux. Finally, we analyze the possible existence of a North-South asymmetry, hinted at by the combination of the HESE sample with the through-going muon data. If only using HESE data, the scarce statistics from the northern hemisphere does not allow us to reach any conclusive answer, which indicates that the HESE sample alone is not driving the potential North-South asymmetry.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2016)·80 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.