Conjecture on the Interlacing of Zeros in Complex Sturm-Liouville Problems

Abstract

The zeros of the eigenfunctions of self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems interlace. For these problems interlacing is crucial for completeness. For the complex Sturm-Liouville problem associated with the Schrodinger equation for a non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian, completeness and interlacing of zeros have never been examined. This paper reports a numerical study of the Sturm-Liouville problems for three complex potentials, the large-N limit of a -(ix)^N potential, a quasi-exactly-solvable -x^4 potential, and an ix^3 potential. In all cases the complex zeros of the eigenfunctions exhibit a similar pattern of interlacing and it is conjectured that this pattern is universal. Understanding this pattern could provide insight into whether the eigenfunctions of complex Sturm-Liouville problems form a complete set.

Comments: 13 pages, RevTex, 6 figures, for related papers, see http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/boettcher/#PT