A Heavy Fermion Can Create a Soliton: A 1+1 Dimensional Example

Abstract

We show that quantum effects can stabilize a soliton in a model with no soliton at the classical level. The model has a scalar field chirally coupled to a fermion in 1+1 dimensions. We use a formalism that allows us to calculate the exact one loop fermion contribution to the effective energy for a spatially varying scalar background. This energy includes the contribution from counterterms fixed in the perturbative sector of the theory. The resulting energy is therefore finite and unambiguous. A variational search then yields a fermion number one configuration whose energy is below that of a single free fermion.

Comments: 10 pages, RevTeX, 2 figures composed from 4 .eps files; v2: fixed minor errors, added reference; v3: corrected reference added in v2