The Universe after inflation: the wide resonance case

Abstract

We study numerically the decay of massive and massless inflatons into massive excitations, via a ${\varphi }^2{X}^2$ coupling, in the expanding Universe. We find that a wide enough resonance can survive the Universe expansion, though account for the expansion is very important for determining precisely how wide it should be. For a massive inflaton, the effective production of particles with mass ten times that of the inflaton requires very large values of the resonance parameter $q$, $q\text{gsim}10^8$. For these large $q$, the maximal size of produced fluctuations is significantly suppressed by the back reaction, but at least within the Hartree approximation they are still not negligible. For the massless inflaton with a $\lambda {\varphi }^4/4$ potential, the Universe expansion completely prevents a resonance production of particles with masses larger than $\sqrt{\lambda }\varphi (0)$ for $q$ up to $q=10^6$.

Comments: LaTeX, 12 pages including 3 figures