Penguins and Mixing Dependent CP Violation

Abstract

Constraints on angles of Unitarity triangle are reviewed, and in particular constraint on $\gamma$ from limit on $\Delta m_s$ is emphasized. Effects of penguin diagram on measurement of $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are then reviewed. New measurements on $B\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ in QCD improved factorization approximation suggest large penguin effects. It is possible to estimate the error in measurement of $\alpha$ as a function of $\gamma$ for different $|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$ values.

Comments: LaTeX, 11 pages, 3 eps figures, Talk presented at the Third International Conference on B Physics and CP Violation, Taipei, December 3-7, 1999