Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption and the High-Energy Event in LUX-ZEPLIN

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has reported a single candidate event in the high-energy nuclear recoil window $248\pm 32.5{\mathrm{keV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ with an exposure of $2.84\mathrm{ton}\cdot \mathrm{yr}$, while the low-energy spectrum remains consistent with background expectations. We demonstrate that this excess can be naturally explained by the neutral-current absorption of fermionic dark matter on xenon nuclei. For a dark matter mass $m_{\chi }\simeq 247\mathrm{MeV}$, the coherent absorption process produces a monoenergetic nuclear recoil at $E_R\simeq 248{\mathrm{keV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$. At this momentum transfer, the absorption process enters the incoherent regime, where scattering off individual nucleons produces a broad recoil spectrum extending from $\sim 200\mathrm{keV}$ to $100.2\mathrm{MeV}$. We show that a single effective field theory coupling can simultaneously produce one event in the $248\pm 32.5{\mathrm{keV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ window while remaining consistent with the non-observation of events in neighboring energy regions. The required single-nucleon absorption cross section is ${\sigma }_{\chi N}^{\mathrm{NC}}=1.07\times 10^{-46}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$, corresponding to an effective field theory scale $\Lambda \simeq 11.5\mathrm{TeV}$. However, a recasting analysis of KamLAND data on the neutron-emission channel $\chi +{}^{12}\mathrm{C}\to \nu +n+{}^{11}{\mathrm{C}}^{\ast }$ excludes this benchmark parameter space, establishing a significant tension between the LZ excess interpretation and existing constraints from large-volume scintillator detectors. We discuss the implications of this tension and prospects for resolving it with future dedicated high-energy analyses.

Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Comments are welcome