Probing Non-Holomorphic Modular $A_4$ Double Seesaw: Signatures in Neutrino Oscillation Experiments and Implications for Leptogenesis

Abstract

We realize the double seesaw mechanism within a non-holomorphic modular $A_4$ framework by extending the Standard Model with three generations of right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), three left-handed sterile neutrino fields, and an $A_4$-singlet scalar. The modular construction forbids a bare Majorana mass term for the RHNs and realizes the hierarchy required for the double seesaw, with RHN masses induced through the heavier sterile neutrino sector. A comprehensive scan of the modular parameter space yields viable normal ordering solutions consistent with current neutrino oscillation data. We further examine their testability at DUNE, T2HK, and JUNO. DUNE and T2HK strongly probe the atmospheric mixing parameters and constrain the allowed model space, while JUNO provides complementary precision sensitivity to the solar mixing angle and mass-squared splitting. The oscillation compatible points also determine the induced RHN spectrum and complex Yukawa textures relevant for thermal leptogenesis. For a representative unflavored benchmark in the strong-washout regime, numerical Boltzmann evolution including decays and inverse decays yields $Y_{\Delta B}\simeq 8.11\times 10^{-11}$, close to the observed baryon asymmetry. The allowed parameter space also admits an $N_1$-dominated two-flavor thermal leptogenesis realization with a hierarchical, non-resonant RHN spectrum. Our results establish the non-holomorphic modular $A_4$ double seesaw as a predictive framework linking low-energy neutrino phenomenology and thermal leptogenesis, with oscillation predictions directly testable at forthcoming precision neutrino experiments.

Comments: 41 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables