Systematic study of fully heavy-flavored tetraquarks $Q_1{Q}_2{\bar{Q}}_1{\bar{Q}}_2(Q_{1;2}\in \left\{b;c\right\})$: Mass spectra, threshold analysis, and confrontation with LHC data

Abstract

Experimental searches for fully heavy tetraquark states are actively pursued at the LHC. The LHCb, CMS, and ATLAS collaborations have investigated fully charmed $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$, mixed $bc\bar{b}\bar{c}$, and fully bottom $bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$ tetraquarks. In particular, narrow structures such as $X(6200)$, $X(6900)$, and $X(7300)$ observed in the di-$J/\psi$ mass spectrum have stimulated considerable theoretical interest. We employ a nonrelativistic diquark-antidiquark model to investigate the mass spectra of ground ($1S$) and excited ($1P$, $2S$, $1D$, $2P$, $3S$, and $4S$) fully heavy tetraquark states. The tetraquarks are modeled as color-singlet bound states of axial-vector diquarks and antidiquarks in the $\bar{3}$ and $3$ color representations. The Schrödinger equation is solved numerically using a modified Cornell potential and the three-point central difference method, while spin-dependent interactions are treated nonperturbatively. We investigate a broad range of $J^{PC}$ quantum numbers for $S$-, $P$-, and $D$-wave states. The predicted masses are compared with recent LHC observations and other theoretical calculations, and the stability of the states against strong fall-apart decays is examined. Our results support the interpretation of several observed structures as different excitations of fully charmed tetraquarks and provide useful predictions for their experimental identification.

Comments: An initial version of this work was presented at the 2025 European School of High Energy Physics, at Benasque in Spain