Interplay of CPT-Violating and CPT-Conserving Lorentz Invariance Violation at DUNE

Abstract

We present a study of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in neutrino oscillations, with primary emphasis on the interplay between CPT-violating and CPT-conserving Standard Model Extension (SME) coefficients. We find that $a_{ee}$ and $a_{\tau \tau }$ dominate among the diagonal LIV coefficients, whereas $a_{e\mu }$ and $a_{e\tau }$ provide the most significant off-diagonal contributions. In contrast, the corresponding $c_{\alpha \beta }$ coefficients have comparatively sub-leading effects. Taking DUNE as a representative long-baseline experiment, we show that the sensitivity to CP violation is modified by LIV in a parameter-specific manner. We find correlations between off-diagonal LIV parameters, and non-trivial dependence on the new phases. In absence of LIV, DUNE is expected to establish CP violation at $5\sigma$ for a limited fraction of ${\delta }_{CP}$ values. We find that the presence of $a_{ee}$, $a_{\tau \tau }$, $a_{e\mu }$ and $a_{e\tau }$ weakens the CP discovery potential, reducing the achievable significance to below $3\sigma$ over a substantial fraction of ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}$. The independent impact of $c_{\alpha \beta }$ terms also results in suppression, but in combination with $a_{\alpha \beta }$, they introduce degeneracies, complicating the extraction of ${\delta }_{CP}$. This generally results in a deterioration of CP violation sensitivities below $5\sigma$. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating LIV effects in precision oscillation studies at upcoming long-baseline experiments.

Comments: 34 pages, 10 figures, Comments are most welcome