Parametric Resonance of Higgsed Vector Dark Matter: Inflationary Initial Conditions and Sourced Displacements

Abstract

Parametric resonance in a Higgsed Abelian sector provides an efficient mechanism for producing vector dark matter, but its viability depends crucially on the origin of the initial dark-Higgs displacement that seeds the resonance. In this work, we investigate this initial-condition problem in a weakly coupled Abelian-Higgs theory with potential $V={\lambda }_4({\varphi }^2-v^2{)}^2/4$, using the calibrated nonlinear broad-resonance relic map together with a stochastic inflationary analysis of the dark-Higgs condensate. We show that a minimal light-spectator realization fails under standard inflationary duration: while broad resonance and isocurvature constraints require \( \phi_0/H_I \gtrsim 3.3\times10^4, \) the stochastic equilibrium and finite-duration random walk produce only \( \phi/H_I=\mathcal O(1). \) This large displacement mismatch is robust against order-of-magnitude variations in the resonance efficiency and broadness threshold, establishing a model-independent obstruction to the stochastic branch. We then identify a distinct classically sourced branch, generated by a negative Hubble-induced mass, in which the condensate tracks a time-dependent minimum, \( \phi_0=\kappa H_*/\sqrt{\lambda_4}, \) and the radial fluctuation remains heavy during inflation. In this case, the fixed-$e/{\lambda }_D$ relic scaling shifts from \( m_X\propto \lambda_4^{5/8}H_I^{-3/2} \) to \( m_X\propto \kappa^{-3/2}\lambda_4 H_*^{-3/2}. \) We derive the simultaneous consistency conditions for this sourced branch, including broad resonance, adiabatic tracking, perturbativity, sub-Planckian displacement, thermal non-erasure, spectator backreaction, and control of inflationary vector fluctuations. Our results establish that Higgsed-vector resonance is not merely a dark-matter production mechanism, but a sensitive probe of the inflationary and reheating dynamics that determine its initial conditions.

Comments: 20 pages, 10 figures