Gravitational Waves from hybrid defects as probe of Flavor symmetry breaking: Machine-Learning Approach

Abstract

We present a novel possibility that a network of domain walls bounded by cosmic strings generates a stochastic gravitational wave background (SWGB) signal originating from the spontaneous breaking of a gauged $U(1{)}_F$ flavor symmetry and the subsequent breaking of discrete $Z_2$ symmetry that accommodates dark matter. The gravitational wave (GW) spectrum produced by the string-bounded-wall network can be detected for high $U(1{)}_F$ breaking scales in forthcoming GW detectors including LISA, ET and SKA. The GW signal exhibits a distinctive frequency slope, in the infrared, compared to the standard cosmic-string case, in the frequency range between micro-hertz and hertz. We develop a possible strategy to distinguish and characterize GW spectrum of the hybrid defect from from other defects, such as stable cosmic strings, via employing the exact calculation with a machine-learning surrogate, based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP), trained on spectra obtained from the full numerical treatment. This is then used for rapid inference in the detector-specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) computation which also makes the process fast and efficient. We also discuss some possible complementarity between GW searches and Flavor observables in the laboratory.

Comments: 39 pages, 190 figures + References