Axion EFT in the BMHV Scheme: Flavor Currents, Evanescent Operators and Ward Identities

Abstract

We present a systematic analysis of axion effective field theory within the Breitenlohner-Maison-`t Hooft-Veltman (BMHV) scheme, focusing on the renormalization of fermionic dimension-five operators and the associated chiral flavor currents. In this framework, the non-anticommuting nature of ${\gamma }_5$ in $d\ne 4$ dimensions leads to violations of naive Ward identities through the emergence of evanescent operators. We derive the bare and renormalized Ward identities for chiral currents, explicitly identifying the equation-of-motion and evanescent operator contributions. Using diagrammatic calculations, we verify the validity of these identities up to two-loop order $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$, including both pole and finite terms. We demonstrate how evanescent operators mix into physical operators and determine the finite renormalization required to restore four-dimensional Ward identities, recovering the expected structure of axial current renormalization and the anomaly. Our results provide a consistent and transparent framework for multi-loop computations in axion EFT and highlight the essential role of evanescent operators in maintaining scheme consistency.

Comments: 29 pages