Expected flavor composition of supernova neutrinos

Abstract

We revisit the flavor composition of neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae (SN), focusing on robust predictions that are insensitive to the poorly known dynamics of collective flavor conversion in the inner core. Assuming that the many different trajectories and microscopic histories of neutrinos lead to decoherence of the ensemble at the boundary between the region of collective effects and the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) dominated layers, we show that standard matter effects alone strongly constrain the electron-flavor fraction at Earth. For normal mass ordering (NO) we obtain $f_{{\nu }_e}^{\mathrm{NO}}\lesssim 0.5$ at all times and energies, while for inverted ordering (IO), we predict $f_{{\nu }_e}^{\mathrm{IO}}\simeq 1/3$, i.e.\ near flavor equipartition. Shock-wave propagation through the high (H) MSW resonance drives the system toward equipartition also in NO. In this way our framework links simple assumptions about decoherence and standard matter effects to robust expectations for the flavor evolution inside core-collapse supernovae. This contribution summarizes the main results of arXiv:2403.14762.

Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of the 22th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics, Moscow State University, August 21-27, 2025