Emission of Nambu-Goldstone bosons from the semilocal string network

Abstract

Semilocal cosmic string is a line-like non-topological soliton associated with the breakdown of the $SU(2{)}_{\mathrm{global}}\times U(1{)}_{\mathrm{gauge}}$ symmetry to the $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{global}}$ symmetry. The broken phase has two massless Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes as dynamical fields, and they can be emitted by semilocal strings. In this paper, we numerically show that such NG bosons are copiously produced with the evolution of the semilocal string network in the early universe. Our numerical analysis shows that the spectrum of produced particles has a peak at low momenta corresponding to the horizon scale. If the emitted NG bosons acquire mass due to soft-breaking terms, they can take the role of dark matter. This scenario typically predicts very light pseudo NG boson dark matter.

Comments: 9 pages, 7 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B