Bridging doubly heavy tetraquark mass spectrum with heavy baryons utilizing heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry

Abstract

Motivated by the observation of the doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}(3875{)}^{+}$, we present a systematic study of double heavy tetraquarks ($T_{Q{Q}^{\prime }\bar{q}{\bar{q}}^{\prime }}$) using heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry (HADS) within a constituent quark model. By calibrating model parameters to known hadron spectra and incorporating the effective mass formula, we predict the masses for 38 ground-state tetraquarks with $cc$, $bb$, and $bc$ heavy quark pairs, including the non-strange, single-strange, and double-strange configurations with quantum numbers $J^P=0^{+},1^{+}$ and $2^{+}$. Notably, we identify several stable states below the relevant meson-meson thresholds, particularly in the $bb\bar{q}{\bar{q}}^{\prime }$ sector. The explicit connection between doubly heavy tetraquark and heavy baryon spectra through HADS reduces model dependence and reveals fundamental systematics in the heavy-quark hadron landscape.