Search for $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}W$ Production at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV Using a Modified Graph Neural Network at the LHC

Abstract

The simultaneous production of four top quarks in association with a ($W$) boson at $(\sqrt{s}=13)$ TeV is an rare SM process with a next-to-leading-order (NLO) cross-section of $(6.6_{-2.6}^{+2.4}ab)$\cite{saiel}. Identifying this process in the fully hadronic decay channel is particularly challenging due to overwhelming backgrounds from $t\bar{t},t\bar{t}W,t\bar{t}Z$, and triple-top production processes. This study introduces a modified physics informed Neural Network, a hybrid graph neural network (GNN) enhancing event classification. The proposed model integrates Graph layers for particle-level features, a custom Multi Layer Perceptron(MLP) based global stream with a quantum circuit and cross-attention fusion to combine local and global representations. Physics-informed Loss function enforce jet multiplicity constraints, derived from event decay dynamics. Benchmarked against conventional methods, the GNN achieves a signal significance $(S/\sqrt{S+B})$ of $0.174$ and ROC-AUC of 0.974, surpassing BDT's significance of $0.148$ and ROC of $0.913$, while Xgboost achieves a significance of $0.149$ and ROC of $0.920$. The classification models are trained on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, with events normalized using cross-section-based reweighting to reflect their expected contributions in a dataset corresponding to $350$fb${}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. This enhanced approach offers a framework for precision event selection at the LHC, leveraging high dimensional statistical learning and physics informed inference to tackle fundamental HEP challenges, aligning with ML developments.

Comments: 14 pages