Experiments to test the hypothesis for solar and dark matter axions

Abstract

We present a pedagogical introduction to the direct search of axions as dark matter, as well as to searches for solar axions. The plethora of experimental searches exploit the axion's coupling to two photons: They attempt to convert the axion dark matter to photons in a resonator placed in an external magnetic field or convert solar axions into X-rays in a magnet pointing towards the sun. We give a basic introduction to this concept, its many variants and to searches that exploit the axion's other couplings. We also speculate about potentially transformative developments for such searches in the near-term future.

Comments: 25 pages, 10 figures, invited review for a chapter in the Encyclopedia of Particle Physics; Comments welcome. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.07376